从法老王座到巴塞罗那椅 ——X形座椅的历史演变

本文是对X形座椅演变历史的溯源。从古埃及法老王座到现代的巴塞罗那椅,X形座椅在不同时期以一种特殊的坐具样式出现在家具设计史中。这种特殊的坐具样式中包含了人类对于功能性、象征性、审美性等诸多方面的设计智慧。文章分别论述了古代西方和中国X形坐具发展历史,又对现代主义设计中的经典X形椅——巴塞罗那椅进行分析,以期重新梳理X形座椅的设计脉络,对今后的坐具设计有所帮助。     

坐具形式的演变对我国人居饮食的影响

以席地而坐到垂足而坐的演变为启示,分析了坐具形式在不同历史时期形式与不同文化内涵之间相互交融的过程,论述了坐具累积并演变的过程,分析其特有的中国传统文化特征。在此基础上提出作为人类文明与生活实践产物的坐具,其形式的变化发展对人们的坐姿、饮食习惯、器皿造型、书写姿势、室内陈设以及建筑空间产生的深远影响。     

中国传统器型探究与现代产品设计

基于对中国现代产品设计发展前景的思考,立足传统,从器物造型的角度深入探讨研究中国传统器物型态的重要性,以及对现代产品设计可能产生的启示和影响。总结前人研究成果,寻求新的理论创新,以实用器物为主要对象,寻求器物形式与生活方式变迁之间的交互影响关系。     

论十里红妆的坐具与卧具设计

通过对婚嫁器物文化的研究,以十里红妆婚嫁器物对生活的影响与意义为启示,从形态、功能、色彩、装饰图案、材料、制作工艺等方面,重点论述了红妆坐具与卧具,分析了红妆坐具与卧具的设计特点,得出其形态与功能设计的合理性,最后阐述了红妆坐具与卧具的文化意义。在此基础上,提出传承与整合红妆坐具与卧具设计,对形成具有中国婚俗风格的现代家具意义深远。     

针对中国家庭失能老人洗浴椅的研究与设计

目的 旨在设计一款面向中国家庭的失能老人洗浴椅。方法 结合失能老人辅助器具的文献与实地调查,分析在洗浴过程中,洗浴椅、失能老人、护理人员、洗浴室彼此关系间存在的问题,并通过逐步推导洗浴椅的功能、结构以及外观造型,提出合适的解决方案。结果 完善与再设计了扶手、座位、座面、脚踏板、底座、材质、尺寸7个基本构成部件,完成了新款洗浴椅方案。结论 新方案提升了失能老人洗浴护理的安全性与舒适度,提高了护理效率,能够较好地满足中国家庭对洗浴椅的需求。     

造物文化视角下《河工器具图说》数字化保护研究与实践

目的 补遗并丰富中国传统河工器具文化内涵,探索中国传统河工器具数字传承路径.方法 立足造物文化和当代数字技术视角,采用文献研究和田野调查相结合的方法,对《河工器具图说》所载器物进行考证,重点围绕物质层(形制、结构、功能、材质、色彩)和精神层(风俗、精神、信仰)两个维度对其进行审视、分析,在此基础上探索用三维数字复原以及数字虚拟等方式对其进行抢救性记录、再现和传承.结果 完成了传统河工器具的数字复原,并探索了"人器"交互,实现了古今"对话".结论 通过造物文化研究和数字化实践探索,展现传统河工器具的艺术之美、实用之美和科技之美.     

残疾人辅助器具通用要求标准浅析——以洗浴椅产品为例

针对我国辅助器具产品众多,一些辅助器具产品标准相对先进,一些产品标准相对滞后或没有标准的情况,本文研究了国内外辅助器具产品标准体系和构成。通过对比,体现了辅助器具产品通用要求标准的重要性。以洗浴椅这一常用的辅助器具产品为例,结合产品使用中可预见的安全风险,分析了欧洲辅助器具产品通用要求标准部分条款的适用性,并根据其给出的静载试验和动态耐久试验总则,计算出洗浴椅产品静载试验的加载力和动态耐久试验的循环次数,证实了该指标与相关标准的协调性。建议积极推进残疾人辅助器具产品通用要求标准的转化,从而使我国辅助器具产品标准体系更加完善。     

析坐具的多变性设计

分析了坐姿下身体各部分组织结构所处的状态、不适和坐姿下人体多动的特点,从多个角度提出如何通过坐具设计来满足多种坐姿需求,归纳出为应对坐姿多样性,坐具设计所采用的多变性设计手法。以经典实例论证了坐具在座部、靠背、脚垫等位置可采用可调节设计手法,以可组合形态设计来丰富就坐选择,用独特的坐具形式给予坐姿多样可能的多功能设计手法,以及以固定形态满足多环境的多变性设计方式。     

中国古代藤家具的形态挖掘及特征提取

目的为弥补中国家具史研究中关于藤家具研究的缺失,从浩瀚的史料中挖掘出关于中国古代藤家具形态的珍贵信息,并提取其特征。方法将案例分析法和扎根理论法相结合,从大量文字、绘画和实物照片中,检索和筛选出藤家具案例,对此进行分类,并抽取其中的关键要素。然后通过对不同类型的藤家具案例进行特征分析,提取中国古代藤家具的使用特征和审美特征。结果提炼出藤墩、木框架藤坐具、竹框架藤坐具、藤橱柜和藤器物等5类藤家具的典型案例,分别得到各类家具的案例,即特征矩阵。据此,从不同案例、不同家具类型、不同特征类型3个维度,提取中国古代藤家具的综合性使用特征和审美特征。结论中国古代藤家具具有文气而亲民、环保而实用、轻便而廉价等使用特征,天然而工巧、简洁而多变、民俗而雅致等审美特征。这些特征对当代藤家具设计具有重要的启示作用。     

基于创新性的多功能屏风设计

屏风是中国传统物质文化和精神文化的重要传承,随着人文社会的发展,人们的审美意趣及需求都发生了改变,屏风的形式也在发生着变化,因此,如何使屏风的设计迎合现代审美需求,以及如何实现屏风的多功能创新设计,也就有着重要的意义。主要在结构和功能等方面对屏风展开创新设计。在结构方面,将传统家具中的榫卯结构引入其中;而在功能方面,将置物与展示等功能融合。同时结合实际案例,分析屏风创新设计应该遵循的原则。在结构和功能上的创新设计,不仅增强了屏风结构的稳定性,满足了人们多变的需求,而且易于拆卸和运输,迎合了现代化的发展趋势。屏风的多功能设计,不仅可以从结构和功能方面进行,而且可以从材料等方面切入。当然,这些都要坚持以创新性、安全性、装饰性为原则,并且兼顾人性化。     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Investigation of the Corrosion Behaviors of HVOF-Sprayed Carbide Cernet Coatings in Molten Al-Zn-Si Alloy Bath

In continuous hot-dip galvanization process the corrosion and chemical stability of the sink roll in the galvanizing bath are important problem which effects on the quality and productivity. In order to protect the sink roll the carbide cermet and/or ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of the sink roll. The WC-, Cr3 C2-cermet coatings were deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spray, respectively. The coating samples were immersed in molten Zn-alloy containing 50 wt % aluminum at 833 K for 24 hr and 144 hr, respectively. The inter-diffusion and inter-reaction of Zn, Al and elements in coating and corrosion behaviors of these coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EPMA etc. The corrosion mechanisms of the carbide cermet coatings and ceramic coatings in molten High Al-Zn-alloy were approached.     

Fundamental study of adhesion of ice to cooling solid surface (Discussion on influence of copper oxide layer on ice adhesion force)

In many situations, ice often adheres to a cooling solid surface, frequently causing serious accidents. It is critical to clarify the mechanism of ice adhesion to the cooling surface in order to prevent ice adhesion. In a past study, the shearing stresses of two kinds of test plates with a copper surface having the higher thermal conductivity were measured. The shearing stress corresponds to ice adhesion force. Both shearing stresses were significantly different; however, the cause remains unclear.Therefore, the present study focuses on an oxide layer as the main factor causing the difference of both shearing stresses; the influence of the oxide layer formed on shearing stress was discussed. And in the removal and reformation processes of the oxide layer, the time variation of the shearing stress was clarified. Moreover, the relationship between the state of the copper surface and the shearing stress was also clarified by surface analysis.     

重塑标准推行格局 推动LED照明的普及（英文）

正When you are enjoying the green,energy-saving and healthy lighting of IKEA LED luminaire,you may not realize that most of IKEA’s LED bulbs are produced by the LED luminaire smart manufacturing system of Hangzhou Zhongwei Photoelectricity CO.,LTD(ZVISION).No longer enclosed in the laboratory,the product standards are brought into the factory workshop and even to the entire production process.Thus,the standards are promoted and applied in a favorable way by enterprises,benefitting consumers with high quality products.     

Chinese Experts Contribute to ISO＇s New Toy Standards

正The international standard,ISO 8124-6,Safety of toys–Part 6:Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products,was officially issued by ISO worldwide on August 15.It was the first time for Chinese experts to lead the ISO standard development in toys industry.The standard was drafted by a group of Chinese experts from SAC/TC for toys and relevant Chinese departments and finally completed by a dedicated international group of experts.ISO 8124-6 makes a substantive breakthrough in the aspects of the scope of toys,limitation of plasticizer types,control of test cost,accuracy of test,operation convenience,etc.,offering the operational guidance for toy manufactures and testing laboratories.     

中国质量(北京)大会(英文)

正Themed on"quality,innovation,development",the first China Quality Conference(Beijing)was held in the Great Hall of the People on September 15.Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivered an important speech at the conference.State Councilor Yang Jing and Wang Yong attended the conference with over 600 domestic and international representatives from foreign,regional and international quality organizations     

National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization

正The National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization was held in Beijing on July 15,2014.Wang Min,the Deputy-Minister of the Ministry of Land and Resources,and Yin Minghan,the Chief-Engineer of SAC addressed the meeting.Representatives from relevant competent departments and technical committees were present.The meeting aims to summarize work,discuss existing problems and make clear working thoughts,promoting standardization work of land and resources to a new level.Wang Min pointed out that the standardization work of land and resources should be centered on the basic principles of"protecting land and resources dutifully,intensively and economically utilizing land and resources,and making all-out efforts to safeguard the public’s rights and interests",highlighted the