浅析桥梁沥青铺装层材料性能研究

桥梁铺装结构的重要组成部分之一即为桥面防水层,桥面防水层的性能将直接影响桥梁桥面铺装和桥梁的耐久性。因此,本文从沥青混凝土桥面铺装对防水材料的性能要求出发,分析了桥面防水层防水材料粘结力的多种影响因素,并通过剪切试验,探讨了如何确定防水涂料的最佳用量、层间抗剪强度受垂直压力变化的影响、层间抗剪强度与剪切速率的关系及不间涂料的层间抗剪强度等,以研究和设置一个合理的桥面防水系统,有效减少桥面受损或防止早期破坏。     

大跨径钢箱梁桥面锌系防腐蚀涂层研究

钢桥面防腐蚀涂层介于钢箱梁桥面板与桥面沥青铺装层2种完全不同的材料之间,既是钢桥面的防腐蚀涂层、防水涂层,又是二者的连接层.因此,对该防腐蚀涂层的腐蚀失效问题及其对钢桥面沥青混凝土铺装层弱化的影响规律进行研究具有实际意义.通过电化学腐蚀试验、涂层结合力试验、XRD分析等方法,研究了在环氧沥青和改性沥青混凝土2种钢桥面铺装层下的无机富锌、环氧富锌和电弧喷锌涂层的腐蚀性能以及涂层与钢桥面板间结合性能,考察了涂层腐蚀对桥面铺装层抗剪切性能的影响.结果表明:喷锌防腐蚀涂层与桥面板之间的结合力受制于钢板除锈预处理方式,喷砂处理的涂层结合力优于抛丸处理;铺装层的抗剪切能力受防腐蚀涂层腐蚀产物影响,锌系涂层的可溶性腐蚀产物破坏了钢桥面铺装体系界面的连续性,锌系涂层腐蚀使铺装层抗剪切强度下降1倍左右,喷锌涂层腐蚀对铺装层结合性能的影响大于富锌涂料涂层.     

桥面防水工程设计相关问题解读

在公路运营中,桥面防水系统一旦失效,对桥面混凝土铺装层经常进行修补,甚至对整个桥面铺装层进行重建,会造成严重的经济损失,并有安全隐患。因此,桥面防水层的设计对桥面铺装质量产生重要的影响。本文主要就桥梁桥面防水工程的设计施工要点进行了分析,仅供参考。     

多车载荷作用下沥青桥面铺装动力学响应

为更准确地分析沥青桥面铺装的动力学响应特性,提出基于实际车辆建模的车-路-桥动力学分析方法,研究多车载荷作用下沥青桥面铺装动力学行为。以一座钢-混凝土工字组合梁桥为例,考虑桥梁振动对桥面铺装的影响,通过数值模拟建立单车-桥面铺装动力学耦合模型,并与不考虑耦合、移动荷载作用下的传统模型进行比较,验证了耦合模型的正确性及考虑耦合的必要性;基于单车-桥面铺装耦合模型,研究多车荷载作用下沥青桥面铺装层的响应行为;分析了双车并行和双车偏载工况下,桥面铺装各层的应力和挠度响应,并与单车工况进行比较,可见多车对桥面铺装的动力学响应的影响不容忽视。研究结果表明:偏载改变了桥面铺装层横向应力的方向,在沥青层顶面和沥青-混凝土接触面,出现拉应力,故沥青铺装顶面容易出现纵向裂缝,横向最大拉应力发生在沥青层和混凝土层接触面;桥面铺装层最大纵向应力发生在沥青层和混凝土层接触面上,双车并行时,沥青层与混凝土层间所产生的纵向应力较单车行驶时增加了52.7%;偏载时剪应力最大,且最大剪应力发生在混凝土层和钢梁的接触面上,该接触面容易脱离,应采取抗剪措施;不同桥面铺装层最大挠度均发生在双车并行工况下,相比单车工况,挠度值可增大约64%。与单车作用相比,考虑多车-桥面铺装耦合对桥面铺装层设计及损伤控制提出更高要求。     

关于混凝土桥桥面防水系统设计

在公路桥面日常运营维护中,由于其表面防水层的长期失修,需要定期对混凝土桥桥面混凝土层进行修补,有时需对整个桥面进行大修与重建。因此,桥面防水层的设计对桥面铺装质量产生重要的影响。文章借助国外先进经验论述混凝土桥桥面防水的设计方法,同时还阐述了具体的施工注意事项。     

浅议水泥混凝土桥面SBS改性沥青防水粘结层施工技术

通过水泥混凝土桥面防水层在良好的设计配合比和施工条件下,使用SBS改性沥青防水材料做为防水粘结层,以适应受严酷的高低温气候条件,其耐久性更好,自粘性更强,具有较高的稳定性,且便于施工,减少了维修工程量。论文将根据多年水泥混凝土桥面防水粘结层施工及试验情况,探讨了使用SBS改性沥青作为防水粘结层的施工技术要求及相关应注意的问题。     

桥面沥青铺装环氧乳化沥青粘结层性能研究

环氧乳化沥青是一种新型的桥面沥青铺装粘结层材料,目前对其研究尚少.通过剪切试验和拉拔试验,研究不同环氧乳化沥青配方、洒布量及温度条件下的抗剪强度及抗拔强度;通过SBS改性沥青、海川高粘沥青和环氧沥青对比试验,进一步验证环氧乳化沥青的优良粘结性能.结果表明:抗剪强度随正应力的增大近似呈线性增大,粘结力和摩擦力以及抗拔强度均随洒布量的增加先增大后减小;20℃、40℃及60℃条件下抗剪强度、粘结力最大值对应的洒布量为0.8 kg/m2、0.6 kg/m2、0.6 kg/m2;A(环氧树脂)∶B(固化剂)∶C(乳化沥青)=16∶4∶80时,其粘结性能最好.由此确定了环氧乳化沥青作为粘结层材料的最佳配方(A∶B∶C=16∶4∶ 80)和最佳洒布量(0.6kg/m2).     

PR.M/胶粉复合改性沥青流变及微观特性研究

为改善基质沥青的高、低温性能,采用胶粉和高模量剂PR.M对其进行复配改性.利用动态剪切流变和弯曲梁流变试验评价了PR.M/胶粉复合改性沥青的高、低温流变性能;通过多应力重复蠕变(MSCR)试验分析了PR.M/胶粉复合改性沥青的抗永久性变形能力;借助热重分析试验获得了PR.M/胶粉复合改性沥青的热分解温度;应用傅里叶变换红外光谱试验探究了PR.M/胶粉复合改性沥青制备过程中可能发生的化学反应;利用荧光显微试验分析了PR.M/胶粉复合改性沥青中胶粉及PR.M的作用机理.结果表明:PR.M对基质沥青的高温性能改善效果优于胶粉;胶粉可以改善基质沥青的低温性能;胶粉和PR.M均可以提高基质沥青的抗永久变形能力;PR.M/胶粉复合改性沥青的热分解温度与PR.M、胶粉的掺量有关,PR.M和胶粉的掺量越大,复合改性沥青的热分解温度越高;PR.M/胶粉复合改性沥青制备过程以物理共混为主,伴随化学反应的发生;胶粉溶胀改善了基质沥青的低温性能,PR.M溶胀改善了基质沥青的高温性能.     

降黏型温拌胶粉改性沥青高低温性能试验

通过动态剪切流变试验(DSR)和小梁弯曲蠕变劲度试验(BBR),对添加不同掺量(1%、2%、3%)有机降黏剂(LP)的胶粉改性沥青(CR)高低温性能进行研究。结果表明:LP的添加使胶粉改性沥青的高温性能得到改善,复数剪切模量G*增大,相位角δ减小,且随着LP掺量的增加,其高温抗变形能力逐渐增强。对于低温性能,LP的添加可以提高胶粉改性沥青的低温性能,但不同温度下,随着降黏剂LP掺量的增加,其低温抗裂性能呈减小趋势,对改善胶粉改性沥青低温性能有一定的负面影响,且随着温度的降低,LP对胶粉改性沥青的低温性能改善效果减小,不同掺量对其影响相差不大。     

微波胶粉改性沥青的热老化性能

设计不同时间及温度条件对微波胶粉改性沥青进行老化试验,通过沥青三大指标及动态剪切流变试验,分析了微波胶粉改性沥青在热氧老化作用下性能的变化,并建立热老化动力学方程以揭示微波胶粉改性沥青在老化作用下的性能变化规律。研究结果表明:微波胶粉改性沥青在热氧老化作用下,其内部轻质组分大量逸出,同时部分转变为沥青质等重质组分,沥青变得脆硬,高温抗变形能力提高,而温度和时间的提高均会促进沥青老化程度的加深;微波胶粉改性沥青老化过程中仍存在强烈的胶粉溶胀与降解反应,两种作用共同促进了微波胶粉改性沥青180℃特殊的流变性;采用软化点作为老化参数建立的老化动力学方程能够准确模拟微波胶粉改性沥青的老化进程。     

胶粉加工参数对活化胶粉/丁苯橡胶复合改性沥青性能的影响

为了研究胶粉加工参数对活化胶粉/丁苯橡胶(SBR)复合改性沥青性能的影响,得到胶粉的最佳加工参数,采用废食用油来活化胶粉,选取不同掺配比例(胶粉质量∶废食用油质量)、加热温度、加热时间制备活化胶粉,复配SBR制备复合改性沥青。通过沥青常规性能试验、旋转薄膜加热试验(RTFOT),对复合改性沥青的高温性能、低温性能、黏度、存储稳定性和抗老化性能进行分析研究。结果表明:胶粉加工参数对复合改性沥青的综合性能影响显著;胶粉的最佳加工参数建议为掺配比例1∶1、加热温度160℃、加热时间90min;复合改性沥青的常规性能与90^#基质沥青相比提升显著且优于SBR、活化胶粉改性沥青。     

Dynamic mechanical characterization of asphalt concrete mixes with modified asphalt binders

The primary objective of this work is to characterize and compare the dynamic mechanical behavior of asphalt concrete mixes with styrene butadiene styrene (SBS) polymer and crumb rubber modified asphalt binders with the behavior of mixes with unmodified viscosity grade asphalt binders. Asphalt binders are characterized for their physical and rheological properties. Simple performance tests like dynamic modulus, dynamic and static creep tests are carried out at varying temperatures and time. Dynamic modulus master curves constructed using numerical optimization technique is used to explain the time and temperature dependency of modified and unmodified asphalt binder mixes. Creep parameters estimated through regression analysis explained the permanent deformation characteristics of asphalt concrete mixes. From the dynamic mechanical characterization studies, it is found that asphalt concrete mixes with SBS polymer modified asphalt binder showed significantly higher values of dynamic modulus and reduced rate of deformation at higher temperatures when compared to asphalt concrete mixes with crumb rubber and unmodified asphalt binders. From the concept of energy dissipation, it is found that SBS polymer modification substantially reduces the energy loss at higher temperatures. Multi-factorial analysis of variance carried out using generalized liner model showed that temperature, frequency and asphalt binder type significant influences the mechanical response of asphalt concrete mixes. The mechanical response of SBS polymer modified asphalt binders are significantly correlated with the rutting resistance of asphalt concrete mixes.     

Fracture resistance characterization of chemically modified crumb rubber asphalt pavement

The fracture resistance of chemically modified crumb rubber asphalt (CMCRA) pavement was evaluated based on the J-integral concept. The chemical modification process used was developed by the Federal Highway Administration and patented in 1998. The results were compared to that of crumb rubber asphalt (CRA) and control asphalt pavement. Four semi-circular core specimens (76 mm radius and 57 mm thickness) were cut from each gyratory compacted cylinder (GCC) for the fracture resistance tests. Notches with different depth to radius ratios were introduced at the middle of the flat surface of each specimen. Three point bend loading was used to allow the separation of the two surfaces due to tensile stresses at the crack tip. It was found that the CMCRA pavement, had the highest residual strength, at all notch depths tested. The fracture resistance of the CMCRA pavement, based on J _c was found to be about twice that of the CRA and control pavements. The CRA pavement was found to have a slightly higher fracture resistance than that of the control pavement. Scanning Electron Microscopic examination of the fracture surface of each mixture revealed the microstructural origin of the improved fracture resistance of the CMCRA pavement in comparison with the control pavement.     

胶粉改性沥青混合料弯曲蠕变试验研究

胶粉改性沥青混合料是一种典型的粘弹性材料,具有很好的抗高温和抗低温开裂性能.由于利用了废旧橡胶轮胎对于减少黑色污染,发展循环经济和保护环境,具有重要意义.通过配合比相同的胶粉改性沥青和SBS改性沥青混合料的弯曲蠕变对比试验,研究了在-15℃、0℃、15℃、30℃和45℃下两种沥青混合料粘弹特性.得出胶粉改性沥青和SBS...     

过氧化氢处理胶粉对橡胶-沥青黏弹性的影响

为了研究废胎胶粉经过氧化氢（H₂O₂）溶液处理后其孔结构和表观形貌的变化及对所制备橡胶-沥青高温性能的影响,采用三种不同比例的H₂O₂溶液对废胎胶粉进行表面改性处理,并制备橡胶-沥青。通过胶粉气体吸附试验、扫描电镜试验、沥青旋转黏度试验和动态剪切流变试验分析了不同比例的H₂O₂溶液对胶粉的孔隙结构、微观形貌和所制备橡胶-沥青的黏度、黏弹性等宏观力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:胶粉经H₂O₂溶液处理后,平均孔径明显变小,孔体积和孔面积的变化呈现一定的规律;随H₂O₂溶液比例的增加,胶粉颗粒间接触面增加,表面絮状物和孔隙增多,加强了胶粉与沥青的界面结合度。这使得胶粉中的橡胶烃在沥青中的溶解度增加,炭黑颗粒释放增多,胶粉颗粒的强度、弹性和耐磨性等力学性能下降,导致橡胶-沥青的弹性、黏度和高温抗车辙能力降低。      

复合式路面施工技术探讨

复合式路面是指在水泥混凝土路面上加铺沥青薄层的设计组合,他和普通的水泥混凝土路面或沥青路面相比具有很多的优势,本文结合隆百高速路面工程的实际,对28cm水泥混凝土＋1cm橡胶沥青应力吸收层＋4cm橡胶沥青磨耗层的复合式路面施工技术进行研究,主要内容包括混凝土的施工技术,界面的清理、应力吸收层的作用、橡胶沥青磨耗层的施工等等,通过工程实践,收获一些施工经验,使国内首次大面积应用的“白加黑”工程得以顺利实施。     

水性环氧树脂乳化沥青在高温、低温和浸水条件下的粘结性能

以水性环氧树脂(WER)为改性剂,通过其与固化剂的物理-化学交联反应对乳化沥青进行改性,制备成一种理想的路面粘层材料——水性环氧树脂乳化沥青(WEREA)。采用剪切和拉拔试验,在不同温度、层间纹理和浸水时间条件下,将不同WER掺量的WEREA与普通乳化沥青和SBS改性乳化沥青进行对比试验,研究了WEREA的高温、低温和浸水粘结性能。结果显示,在试验研究范围内,随着WER掺量的增加,WEREA的层间性能显著改善;温度越高,粘层材料粘结性越差,但高温、低温条件下,WEREA的抗剪、抗拉强度均大于对照试验组。可以认为,WER通过交联作用有效改善了粘层材料的强度和层间粘附性,减缓了WEREA粘结性随浸水时间延长而降低的速率,显著提高了粘层材料的浸水粘结性。     

Light-coloured grey asphalt pavements: from theory to practice

This paper presents the technological development and application of hydrated lime in treating the surface of asphalt concrete to develop light-coloured, grey asphalt pavements. When appropriately applied on the surface of fresh asphalt concrete, hydrated lime makes the surface grey, significantly increases its albedo and effectively reduces the pavement's temperature caused by hot weather. Two application case studies are presented, focusing on how to ensure hydrated lime's long-term effectiveness on the surface of asphalt pavements and take into account the effect of the subsequent reduced temperature on the resilient modulus of asphalt concrete in the design of long-life flexible pavements. The increased asphalt concrete modulus, owing to lowered temperature, can reduce the design thickness of the asphalt concrete without sacrificing pavement performance. This also has a positive influence on reduced pavement heat island effects. It is concluded that the appropriate use of hydrated lime on asphalt pavement surfaces is an effective and economical method to produce light-coloured, grey asphalt pavements.     

Laboratory investigation of utilizing high percentage of RAP in rubberized asphalt mixture

The utilization of crumb rubber and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has proven to be economical, environmentally sound and effective in increasing the performance properties of the asphalt mixtures. The objective of this research was to investigate the laboratory engineering behavior characteristics of the rubberized asphalt binders and mixtures made with PG 64-22 and a softer binder (PG 52-28) containing a high percentage of RAP (30%). Some of the testing used for this research included viscosity, dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), bending beam rheometer (BBR), indirect tensile strength (ITS), resilient modulus, and fatigue life evaluations. The experimental design included the use of two aggregate and RAP sources, two virgin binder grades (PG 64-22 and PG 52-28), two types of crumb rubber (ambient and cryogenic), and four rubber contents (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%). The results indicated that: (1) the crumb rubber improved the aging resistance of the aged binder and prolonged the fatigue life of the mixtures containing 0% RAP, in addition, results indicated a decrease of ITS and resilient modulus values was found as the rubber content increased, regardless of rubber type; (2) the utilization of softer binder decreased the influence of aged binder and decreased the resilient modulus values of the mixtures. In most cases, regardless of rubber types, the rubberized mixtures containing 30% RAP made with PG 52-28 binder did not show a significant increase in fatigue life with those made with PG 64-22 binder.     

Time dependent viscoelastic rheological response of pure,modified and synthetic bituminous binders

Bitumen is a viscoelastic material that exhibits both elastic and viscous components of response and displays both a temperature and time dependent relationship between applied stresses and resultant strains. In addition, as bitumen is responsible for the viscoelastic behaviour of all bituminous materials, it plays a dominant role in defining many of the aspects of asphalt road performance, such as strength and stiffness, permanent deformation and cracking. Although conventional bituminous materials perform satisfactorily in most highway pavement applications, there are situations that require the modification of the binder to enhance the properties of existing asphalt material. The best known form of modification is by means of polymer modification, traditionally used to improve the temperature and time susceptibility of bitumen. Tyre rubber modification is another form using recycled crumb tyre rubber to alter the properties of conventional bitumen. In addition, alternative binders (synthetic polymeric binders as well as renewable, environmental-friendly bio-binders) have entered the bitumen market over the last few years due to concerns over the continued availability of bitumen from current crudes and refinery processes. This paper provides a detailed rheological assessment, under both temperature and time regimes, of a range of conventional, modified and alternative binders in terms of the materials dynamic (oscillatory) viscoelastic response. The rheological results show the improved viscoelastic properties of polymer- and rubber-modified binders in terms of increased complex shear modulus and elastic response, particularly at high temperatures and low frequencies. The synthetic binders were found to demonstrate complex rheological behaviour relative to that seen for conventional bituminous binders.