激光熔敷Ti5Si3/NiTi2复合材料涂层的组织与耐磨性

以Ti-Si-Ni合金粉末为原料，利用激光熔敷技术在BT9钛合金表面制备出了以金属间化合物Ti5Si3为增强相，以NiTi2为基体的Ti5Si3/NiTi2金属间化合物快速凝固耐磨复合材料涂层，Ti5Si3/NiTi2合材料涂层的硬度高，组织均匀，致密，与基材之间为完全冶金结合，在干滑动磨损试验条件下具有很好的耐磨性。     

钛表面激光熔覆原位制备Ti5Si3涂层结构及摩擦学性能

利用激光熔覆技术在钛表面预置硅粉原位制备了Ti5Si3涂层.用XRD、SEM和TEM分析了涂层的组成和组织结构.在UMT摩擦磨损试验机上对Ti5Si3涂层在不同载荷和不同滑动速度下的摩擦磨损性能进行了测试.实验结果表明:涂层的物相主要是Ti5Si3相和基材Ti相,涂层的显微结构为球状和块状晶,Ti5Si3涂层具有较高的显微硬度,涂层截面的平均显微硬度约为840 HV0.2,是钛基材的4.4倍;Ti5Si3涂层可显著提高钛基材的耐磨性能;Ti5Si3涂层的磨损机理为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损.     

激光熔化沉积Mo/ Mo2Ni3 Si 金属硅化物合金显微组织与耐磨性

以Mo 、Ni、Si 金属粉末为原料, 利用激光熔化沉积工艺制备出以难熔金属Mo 初生树枝晶为增韧相,以三元金属硅化物Mo₂Ni₃ Si 为基体的金属硅化物耐磨合金, 在室温干滑动磨损条件下测试了合金的耐磨性能。结果表明, 初生树枝晶的体积分数随着Mo 含量的增加而增加, 而硬度却随之降低。由于金属硅化物Mo₂Ni₃ Si的高硬度和难熔金属Mo 树枝晶的高强韧性, 合金在室温干滑动磨损条件下具有良好的耐磨性能。     

感应熔覆原位自生TiC/Ni基复合涂层的组织与耐磨性研究

为了提高16Mn钢的干滑动磨损耐磨性能,以Ni60、钛粉和石墨粉为原料对16Mn钢表面进行感应熔敷处理,制备出以TiC颗粒为增强相的原位自生复合涂层,利用金相、SEM、XRD等技术分析了涂层的显微组织,在室温干滑动磨损试验条件下测试了涂层的耐磨性.结果表明:涂层中TiC颗粒均匀分布于共晶基体上,整个涂层组织均匀、无气孔、无裂纹;涂层与基材形成了良好的冶金结合,涂层具有很高的硬度,在室温干滑动磨损试验条件下具有优异的耐磨性能.     

Mo2Ni3Si/NiSi复合材料涂层的滑动磨损行为

以Mo-Ni-Si合金粉末为原料，使用激光熔敷技术在1Crl8Ni9Ti不锈钢基材表面制备出Mo2Ni3Si／NiSi金属硅化物复合材料涂层．应用OM，SEM，EDS和XRD方法分析了涂层的显微组织．Mo2Ni3Si／NiSi复合材料涂层由初生的Mo2Ni3Si三元金属硅化物树枝晶和枝晶间的Mo2Ni3Si／NiSi共晶组织组成．在常温和高温滑动磨损条件下测试了涂层的耐磨性能．在常温滑动磨损条件下，Mo2Ni3Si／NiSi金属硅化物复合材料涂层的质量损失随着载荷的增加缓慢增加；在高温滑动磨损条件下，Mo2Ni3Si／NiSi金属硅化物复合材料涂层的质量损失随着温度的升高缓慢下降．     

等离子熔覆Cr7C3/γ-Fe金属陶瓷复合材料涂层的组织与耐磨性研究

以Fe-Cr-C合金粉末为原料,采用等离子熔覆技术,在调质C级钢表面制得以原位生成初生相Cr7C3为增强相的新型陶瓷复合材料涂层.利用光子显微镜(OM),扫描电镜(SEM),X射线衍射(XRD)和能量色散谱(EDS)等分析了涂层的显微组织,并在室温干滑动磨损及二体磨料磨损条件下测试了该涂层的耐磨性能.结果表明,涂层组织包括Cr7C3增强相和γ-Fe固溶体与少量Cr7C3构成的共晶;由于Cr7C3/γ-Fe快速凝固复合材料涂层组织细小、均匀,在滑动磨损过程中不易与对偶件黏着、在磨料磨损过程中具有很高的抗切削抗剥落能力,因而在干滑动磨损及二体磨料磨损条件下涂层均具有优良的耐磨性能.     

等离子熔敷Cr7C3金属陶瓷增强耐磨复合涂层组织与耐磨性

利用等离子熔敷技术,以Fe-Cr-C合金粉末为原料,在调质C级钢表面制得了Cr7C3金属陶瓷增强快速凝固耐磨复合涂层.利用光学金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱、X射线衍射分析了涂层的显微组织结构,在室温干滑动磨损试验条件下测试了涂层的耐磨性.结果表明:等离子熔敷Cr7C3金属陶瓷增强复合涂层硬度高、组织均匀、与基材之间为完全冶金结合;涂层显微组织为规则块状Cr7C3金属陶瓷初生相均匀分布于Cr7C3与γ-Fe固溶体构成的共晶基体上;涂层在室温干滑动磨损试验条件下表现出优异的耐磨性,涂层磨损质量损失随载荷的增加变化十分缓慢,涂层具有优异的载荷特性.     

激光熔敷Cr3Si/Cr2Ni3Si复合材料涂层组织与耐磨性研究

以Cr-Si-Ni合金粉末为原料、利用激光熔敷技术在A3低碳钢表面上制得了以金属硅化物Cr₃Si为增强相,以Cr₂Ni₃Si复杂金属硅化物为基体的快速凝固Cr₃Si/Cr₂Ni₃Si复合材料冶金涂层,分析了该涂层的显微组织,并分别在干滑动磨损及二体磨料磨损条件下测试了该涂层的耐磨性能。研究结果表明,由于激光熔敷Cr₃Si/Cr₂Ni₃Si快速凝固复合材料涂层组织细小、均匀,在滑动磨损过程中不易与对偶件粘着、在磨料磨损过程中具有很高的抗切削抗剥落能力,因而在干滑动磨损及二体磨料磨损条件下涂层均具有优良的耐磨性能。     

Ni-Cr-C复合耐磨涂层的研究

以Ni-Cr-C混合合金粉末为添加原料,采用等离子熔覆技术,在普通机械制造用钢Q235表面形成了以初生块状金属陶瓷Cr7C3为硬质耐磨增强相,以强韧性良好的γ/Cr7C3共晶为基体的复合材料冶金涂层,分析了涂层的显微组织和硬度,在室温干滑动磨损条件下测试了其耐磨性.结果表明:涂层组织致密,硬度较高,与基体之间为完全的冶金结合,在干滑动磨损条件下具有良好的耐磨性.同时,讨论了复合涂层耐磨损的4种原因.     

热处理对钛合金激光熔覆自润滑耐磨复合涂层组织和摩擦学性能的影响

为了进一步提高钛合金激光熔覆层的质量,以Ni Cr/Cr_3C_2-WS2复合粉末为原料,采用激光熔覆技术在Ti6Al4V(TC4)钛合金表面制备了自润滑耐磨复合涂层,并将复合涂层在600℃下保温1 h,采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、摩擦磨损试验系统地分析了涂层热处理前后的组织、显微硬度和摩擦学性能的变化及其机理,研究了热处理对自润滑耐磨复合涂层性能的影响。结果表明:自润滑耐磨复合涂层的主要物相为韧性相Ni Ti2,增强相Cr_3C_2、Cr7C_3、Ti C以及润滑相Ti_2SC、Cr S;热处理1 h后涂层的显微硬度(928.8 HV5 N)相对于未热处理涂层(1 076.1HV5 N)略有下降;相对于未热处理涂层,热处理1 h后的涂层表现出良好的耐磨减摩性能,其磨损机理为磨粒磨损。     

Mechanical activation-induced structural changes in a 5Ti + 3Si mixture

A 5Ti + 3Si powder mixture has been studied by X-ray diffraction in order to assess the effect of mechanical activation (MA) time on its structural state. MA for 11 min or a shorter time leads to the degradation of the crystal structure and partial amorphization of titanium and silicon. MA has been shown to produce different structural changes in silicon and titanium. MA reduces the crystallite size of silicon to 300 nm and increases microstress to 700 MPa, whereas the only consequence of the MA of Ti is an increase in microstress to 550 MPa. MA for more than 11 min initiates a solid-state reaction which results in the mechanochemical synthesis of Ti₅Si₃.     

Electric field-activated combustion synthesis of Ti5Si3-Nb and Ti5Si3-ZrO2 composites

The field-activated combustion synthesis of the composites Ti5Si3−x Nb (0≤x≤0.35) and Ti5Si3−y ZrO2 (0≤y≤0.3) has been investigated. Composites with x≥0.35 and y≥0.2 can only be synthesized in the presence of an electric field. Although in the absence of a field the systems with x=0.35, y=0.2 and y=0.3 can sustain a non-steady combustion wave, the reaction is not complete. An unstable wave propagates to the middle of the sample and then becomes extinguished. The wave velocity of the Ti5Si3-Nb and Ti5Si3-ZrO2 composites increased slightly with the application of a field. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

悬浮炉法定向凝固Ti_3Al+Ti_5Si_3双相合金

采用光学悬浮炉法生长Ｔｉ３Ａｌ＋Ｔｉ５Ｓｉ３双相合金的定向凝固样品。结果表明，定向凝固样品的组织与铸态组织相比更接近于平衡态，径向定向凝固态样品组织不均匀，在高的生长速率下Ｔｉ５Ｓｉ３相沿着生长方向分布。     

原位生成TiC/Ti5Si3纳米复合材料的显微结构研究

研究了原位生成ＴｉＣ／Ｔｉ５Ｓｉ３纳米复合材料的显微结构．实验结果表明,以ＳｉＣ和Ｔｉ 为原料,通过反应热压工艺可以原位合成ＴｉＣ／Ｔｉ５Ｓｉ３复合材料,其中的大部分ＴｉＣ粒子为纳 米粒子．ＴｉＣ晶粒与Ｔｉ５Ｓｉ３晶粒的晶界上存在原子台阶．复合材料还含有少量Ｔｉ３ＳｉＣ２相．这 些Ｔｉ３ＳｉＣ２相主要呈棒状分布在Ｔｉ５Ｓｉ３基体中,另有少量Ｔｉ３ＳｉＣ２相位于大的ＴｉＣ晶粒内．     

A small-specimen investigation of the fracture toughness of Ti5Si3

The fracture toughness of the refractory hardmetal Ti₅Si₃, with a grain size between 5 and 6 m, was measured using the controlled-flaw method in conjunction with the miniaturized disc-bend test. The specimens used in these experiments were 3 mm diameter and varied in thickness from 150–450 m. They were indented using a Vickers pyramid indentor to indention loads varying from 2.9–79.2 N. Indentation cracking was experienced at all indentation loads, and R-curve behaviour was exhibited. The fracture toughness was determined to be 2.69 ± 0.21 MPam^1/2 using a straightforward graphical procedure involving an empirical R-curve equation. This value is almost 30% higher than that of similar material (2.1 MPam^1/2) with a larger grain size, suggesting that the fracture toughness of this material, which fractures intergranularly, might be grain-size dependent.     

Preparation of TiN–Ti5Si3 in-situ composites by Selective Laser Melting

The Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Rapid Manufacturing (RM) of the high-energy ball milled Ti–Si₃N₄ composite powder with the mol ratio of 9:1 was performed in the present work. The microstructural characterizations revealed the formation of TiN reinforced Ti₅Si₃ matrix composites after laser processing via the in-situ synthesis reaction 9Ti + Si₃N₄ = 4TiN + Ti₅Si₃. The in-situ presented TiN reinforcing phase possessed a refined granular morphology and a uniform distribution throughout the Ti₅Si₃ matrix, showing a clear and compatible interfacial structure with the matrix. The metallurgical mechanisms for the in-situ synthesis of TiN reinforced Ti₅Si₃ matrix composites by SLM were also proposed.     

In-situ synthesized Ti5Si3/TiC composites by spark plasma sintering technology

Sub-microstructured Ti₅Si₃/TiC composites were in-situ fabricated by through spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique using Ti and nanosized SiC powders without any additive. It was found that the composite could be sintered in a relatively short time (8 min at 1260°C) to 98.8% of theoretical density. After sintering, the phase constituents and microstructures of the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TEM. Fracture toughness at room temperature was also measured by indentation tests. The results showed that fracture toughness of Ti₅Si₃/TiC composite reached 4.2 ± 0.4 MPa.m^1/2, which is higher than that of monolith Ti₅Si₃ (2.5 MPa.m^1/2).     

Thermodynamic aspects of nanostructured Ti5Si3 formation during mechanical alloying and its characterization

Mechanical alloying (MA) was used to produce Ti₅Si₃ intermetallic compound with nanocrystalline structure from elemental powders. The structural changes and characterization of powder particles during milling were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size analyser (PSA) and microhardness measurements. MA resulted in gradual formation of disordered Ti₅Si₃ intermetallic compound with crystallite size of about 15 nm after 45 h of milling. Also a thermodynamic analysis of the process was carried out using Miedema model. The results showed that in the nominal composition of Ti₅Si₃ intermetallic phase (X _Si ?=?0·375), formation of an intermetallic compound has the lowest Gibbs free energy rather than solid solution or amorphous phases. So the MA product is the most stable phase in nominal composition of Ti₅Si₃. This intermetallic compound exhibits high microhardness value of about 1235 HV.