苎麻/LLDPE复合材料力学性能的研究

研究了成型工艺、碱液及硅烷偶联剂预处理对苎麻/LLDPE复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:经碱液、KH-550和A-151硅烷偶联剂分别预处理后,苎麻/LLDPE复合材料的拉伸性能均有不同程度的提高,拉伸强度由51.0MPa分别提高到102.6 MPa、83.6 MPa及89.8 MPa。经A-151预处理后,材料的弯曲强度及弯曲模量由23.1 MPa、1.58 GPa提高到81.6 MPa、6.01 GPa,单位面积总冲击能及动态弯曲强度由30.9 kJ/m2、31.3 MPa提高到37.8 kJ/m2、106 MPa。      

碳纳米管改性弹性体对聚甲醛的增韧作用及取向行为

制备了聚甲醛(POM)/碳纳米管(CNTs)/弹性体(TPU)三元共混复合材料。考察了碳纳米管改性弹性体对聚甲醛的增韧效果及取向行为。结果表明,碳纳米管可有效地增强增韧弹性体,在1%(质量分数,下同)的碳纳米管存在下,TPU拉伸强度由54.6 MPa提高到66.0 MPa,提高21%左右,断裂伸长率由684%提高到801%,提高约17%。与未改性弹性体相比,CNTs改性弹性体对聚甲醛的增韧效果更显著。加入20%的固相力化学法改性TPU弹性体,碳纳米管含量仅为0.1%,断裂伸长率达到180%,同未改性体系相比,提高到近3倍。     

炭纤维/氨基化多壁碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的分子模拟(英文)

采用分子动力学模拟(MD)分析炭纤维/氨基化多壁碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能。采用碳纳米管作为环氧树脂的主要增强材料以期提高三相复合材料的力学性能。建立固化的环氧树脂模型以提高碳纳米管和基体间的粘结强度。炭纤维体积分数设定为60%,碳纳米管体积分数为0.25%-5%。结果表明,碳纳米管体积分数从0.25%增加至5%时,沿炭纤维方向上的杨氏模量由92GPa提高至224.4GPa,抗张强度由1.35GPa提高至2.85GPa。     

丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物/六方氮化硼复合材料的制备及性能

利用双螺杆的强剪切作用,制备了丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)树脂/六方氮化硼(h-BN)复合材料(ABS/h-BN),通过测定复合材料的热导率和电阻率,并借助拉伸试验、动态力学分析、热失重分析等手段,研究了h-BN添加量对复合材料导热性能、力学性能、耐热性能和电绝缘性能的影响。结果表明,h-BN在ABS基体中发生了取向,当h-BN质量分数为20%时,复合材料的热导率由0.176 W/(m·K)提高到0.404 W/(m·K),增加了129.6%,且拉伸强度由35.26MPa提高到38.45 MPa。ABS/h-BN复合材料有望应用于家电等的外壳材料。     

碳纳米管/碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料研究

制备了碳纳米管(CNTs)/碳纤维(CF)/环氧树脂(EP)三元复合材料。研究了CNTs含量对复合材料层间剪切强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量的影响,并采用场发射扫描电镜分析了CNTs在基体树脂中的分散情况。结果表明:复合材料性能的变化源自于CNTs在基体树脂中的分散状态。当CNTs含量为0.2%(wt,下同)时,复合材料剪切强度和弯曲强度达到最大值,分别为99.2MPa和1811.4MPa,但其弯曲模量下降了8.7GPa。当CNTs添加量达到1%时,其弯曲模量达到135.9GPa,较未加入CNTs时提高了11.1%,层间剪切强度和弯曲强度分别降低了5.5MPa和359.5MPa。     

搅拌摩擦加工法制备碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料

为了制备晶粒细小、 组织均匀的复合材料, 提高材料的力学性能, 用搅拌摩擦加工法制备碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料, 并对不同碳纳米管含量的复合材料的微观结构、 拉伸性能及断口形貌进行分析。结果表明: 碳纳米管添加到铝基体中, 搅拌摩擦中心区晶粒细小, 碳纳米管与基体之间结合良好, 未发现明显的缺陷; 碳纳米管对基材有明显的强化作用, 铝基复合材料抗拉强度随着碳纳米管含量的增加而提高; 碳纳米管体积分数为7%时, 抗拉强度达到201 MPa, 是基材的2.2倍; 复合材料在宏观上呈现脆性断裂特征, 微观上呈现韧性断裂特征, 其断裂机制以CNTs/Al界面脱粘、 基体撕裂和增强体断裂为主。      

功能化MWCNTs网格/环氧树脂复合材料的制备及性能

采用正压过滤法制备了多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）网格（巴基纸）,并采用真空辅助RTM工艺制备了MWCNTs网格/环氧树脂复合材料。通过SEM、FTIR、拉伸测试等对MWCNTs网格的微观形貌和性能进行了表征,并研究了MWCNTs网格/环氧复合材料的拉伸性。结果表明,所制备的功能化MWCNTs网格比较均匀,拉伸强度在22~32 MPa之间,拉伸模量约为1 GPa,相比未功能化处理的MWCNTs网格,强度最大提高了约167%。功能化MWCNTs网格/环氧树脂复合材料的拉伸强度和拉伸模量可达到152 MPa和6.48 GPa,相比空白环氧树脂提高了约1倍以上,拉伸试样断面SEM表明,环氧树脂对功能化MWCNTs网格的浸润效果良好,界面结合紧密,有效地提高了复合材料的力学性能。     

多壁碳纳米管-聚氨酯/聚丙烯复合材料导电网络结构的演变与性能调控

为研究多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)和热塑性弹性对MWCNTs-聚氨酯/聚丙烯(MWCNTs-TPU/PP)复合材料结晶性能、导电性能、拉伸性能及外场响应行为,通过溶液-熔融法制备了MWCNTs-TPU/PP复合材料。MWCNTs的引入能够提高MWCNTs-TPU/PP复合材料的导电性能和结晶性能,导电逾渗值质量分数约为1.9wt%,开始结晶温度从117.5℃提高到131.2℃。通过电阻仪和温控装置的联用在线表征了在不同热处理温度下导电网络的构建和破坏过程,随着热处理温度从110℃提高到175℃,MWCNTs-TPU/PP复合材料的导电性能和结晶度得到改善;TPU的引入能够显著降低MWCNTs-TPU/PP复合材料对温度的反应时间从约10 min缩短到约3 min,温度响应行为得到显著改善。通过拉伸数据分析表明,MWCNTs含量的增加能够提高MWCNTs-TPU/PP复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率,MWCNTs添加量为2.5wt%时,复合材料的拉伸强度从~35 MPa提高到~47 MPa;应变-电阻数据表明,TPU的引入能够改善MWCNTs-TPU/PP复合材料在循环拉伸过程中应变的可回复性和导电网络结构的稳定性。      

多壁碳纳米管/杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮复合材料的制备及性能

采用溶液共混及原位复合法制备多壁碳纳米管/杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮复合材料.通过扫描电镜观察材料的形貌,并对材料性能进行研究.对比两种方法,结果表明通过原位复合法制备,碳管在基体中有较好的分散和界面结合,其力学性能和导电性优于溶液共混法制备的复合材料.当碳管含量为3%(质量分数)时,原位复合材料的拉伸模量和强度分别为2.4GPa和107.6MPa,其体积电阻率达到1.0×106 Ω·cm,5%热失重温度提高了20℃.     

取向碳纳米管膜/氰基树脂复合材料的制备与性能强化机制

以浮动催化化学气相沉积法(FCCVD)碳纳米管(CNT)膜为原料,通过氰基树脂溶液浸渍法制备CNT预浸膜,然后采用热辅助牵伸和热压固化的方法制备高取向CNT膜复合材料。详细分析了热处理的温度和树脂溶液浓度对CNT预浸膜拉伸性能的影响,从而得到合适的热辅助牵伸工艺,并考察固化工艺对复合材料性能的影响。在此基础上,从浸润特性、CNT取向程度和层间剪切性能方面揭示CNT膜复合材料力学性能的强化机制。结果表明与传统CNT膜牵伸工艺相比,CNT预浸膜热牵伸工艺更有利于制备高取向CNT膜复合材料。热牵伸的温度和树脂溶液的浓度是制备高取向、低孔隙CNT预浸膜的关键因素。通过固化工艺的改变可有效调控氰基树脂的反应程度碳纳米管薄膜/氰基树脂复合材料的拉伸性能。经高温后固化处理后,CNT膜/氰基树脂复合材料的拉伸强度和模量分别高达2 748 MPa和302GPa。优异的树脂浸润特性、层间剪切强度以及高的CNT取向度使CNT膜复合材料中CNT更有利于协同承载,从而提高其力学性能。     

玻璃纤维增强聚氯乙烯(GFRPVC)复合材料的研究

本文考察了玻璃纤维增强聚氯乙烯(GFRPVC)中玻璃纤维的表面处理及加入量对力学性能的影响.并用SEM对GFRPVC的界面及其对GFRPVC力学性能的影响进行研究.结果表明:当玻纤为30wt%时,GFRPVC板的拉伸强度为110MPa,弯曲强度为190MPa,为刚性聚氯乙烯(RPVC)的两倍;拉伸模量为8.8GPa,弯曲模量为8.9GPa,是RPVC的三倍;悬臂梁缺口冲击强度达140J/m,接近RPVC的四倍;达到了一般工程塑料的性能水平.热膨胀系数下降到2.23(×10-5)℃-1,HDT增加到84℃.     

Development and Characterization of the Midrib of Coconut Palm Leaf Reinforced Polyester Composite

In this paper, midrib of coconut palm leaves (MCL) was investigated for the purpose of development of natural fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites. A new natural fiber composite as MCL/polyester is developed by the hand lay-up method, and the material and mechanical properties of the fiber, matrix and composite materials were evaluated. The effect of fiber content on the tensile, flexural, impact, compressive strength and heat distortion temperature (HDT) was investigated. It was found that the MCL fiber had the maximum tensile strength, tensile modulus flexural strength, flexural modulus and Izod impact strength of 177.5MPa, 14.85GPa, 316.04MPa and 23.54GPa, 8.23KJ/m² respectively. Reinforcement of MCL enhanced the mechanical properties of pure polyester, including that of tensile strength (by 26%), tensile modulus (by 356%), flexural strength (by 41.81%), flexural modulus (by 169%) and Izod impact strength (by 23 times), but the compressive strength was adversely affected. HDT decreased due to fiber loading, but increased with weight fraction of fiber content. Moreover, the experimental results were compared with theoretical model (Rule of mixture) and other natural fiber /polyester composites.     

The potential of harakeke fibre as reinforcement in polymer matrix composites including modelling of long harakeke fibre composite strength

Mechanical properties of aligned long harakeke fibre reinforced epoxy with different fibre contents were evaluated. Addition of fibre was found to enhance tensile properties of epoxy; tensile strength and Young’s modulus increased with increasing content of harakeke fibre up to 223 MPa at a fibre content of 55 wt% and 17 GPa at a fibre content of 63 wt%, respectively. The flexural strength and flexural modulus increased to a maximum of 223 MPa and 14 GPa, respectively, as the fibre content increased up to 49 wt% with no further increase with increased fibre content. The Rule of Mixtures based model for estimating tensile strength of aligned long fibre composites was also developed assuming composite failure occurred as a consequence of the fracture of the lowest failure strain fibres taking account porosity of composites. The model was shown to have good accuracy for predicting the strength of aligned long natural fibre composites.     

Tensile properties of elephant grass fiber reinforced polyester composites

Elephant grass stalk fibers were extracted using retting and chemical (NaOH) extraction processes. These fibers were treated with KMnO₄ solution to improve adhesion with matrix. The resulting fibers were incorporated in a polyester matrix and the tensile properties of fiber and composite were determined. The fibers extracted by retting process have a tensile strength of 185 MPa, modulus of 7.4 GPa and an effective density of 817.53 kg/m³. The tensile strength and modulus of chemically extracted elephant grass fibers have increased by 58 and 41%, respectively. After the treatment the tensile strength and modulus of the fiber extracted by retting have decreased by 19, 12% and those of chemically extracted fiber have decreased by 19 and 16%, respectively. The composites were formulated up to a maximum of 31% volume of fiber resulting in a tensile strength of 80.55 MPa and tensile modulus of 1.52 GPa for elephant grass fibers extracted by retting. The tensile strength and the modulus of chemically extracted elephant grass fiber composites have increased by approximately 1.45 times to those of elephant grass fiber composite extracted by retting. The tensile strength of treated fiber composites has decreased and the tensile modulus has shown a mixed trend for the fibers extracted by both the processes. Quantitative results from this study will be useful for further and more accurate design of elephant grass fiber reinforced composite materials.     

Interfacial stress distribution between bovine dentine and resin composite in dentine bonding systems

In finite element stress analysis, the principal interfacial stress at a tensile bond strength of 10 MPa during tensile loading was estimated for the resin composite/dentine material including the bonding area with elastic moduli of 0.03, 0.3, 3.0 and 12.0 GPa assumed in this study. Interfacial stress along the resin composite/bonding area interface or bonding area/dentine interface increased with increasing elastic modulus. The interfacial stress distributed non-uniformly and locally at the most sensitive sites, that is, the edge of the resin composite/bonding area interface with the lowest elastic modulus (0.03 GPa) and the edge of bonding area/dentine interfaces with other elastic modulus values (0.3, 3.0 and 12.0 GPa). The maximum value of interfacial stress increased linearly with increasing elastic modulus of bonding area from 0.03 to 12.0 GPa. This study showed that the distribution of interfacial stress was highly non-uniform along the interfaces of the bonded areas in dentinal adhesives.     

Mechanical property enhancement of aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube sheets and composites through press-drawing process

A solid-state drawing and winding process was done to create thin aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) sheets from CNT arrays. However, waviness and poor packing of CNTs in the sheets are two main weaknesses restricting their reinforcing efficiency in composites. This report proposes a simple press-drawing technique to reduce wavy CNTs and to enhance dense packing of CNTs in the sheets. Non-pressed and pressed CNT/epoxy composites were developed using prepreg processing with a vacuum-assisted system. Effects of pressing on the mechanical properties of the aligned CNT sheets and CNT/epoxy composites were examined. Pressing with distributed loads of 147, 221, and 294 N/m showed a substantial increase in the tensile strength and the elastic modulus of the aligned CNT sheets and their composites. The CNT sheets under a press load of 221 N/m exhibited the best mechanical properties found in this study. With a press load of 221 N/m, the pressed CNT sheet and its composite, respectively, enhanced the tensile strength by 139.1 and 141.9%, and the elastic modulus by 489 and 77.6% when compared with non-pressed ones. The pressed CNT/epoxy composites achieved high tensile strength (526.2 MPa) and elastic modulus (100.2 GPa). Results show that press-drawing is an important step to produce superior CNT sheets for development of high-performance CNT composites.     

Optimising industrial hemp fibre for composites

The optimisation of New Zealand grown hemp fibre for inclusion in composites has been investigated. The optimum growing period was found to be 114 days, producing fibres with an average tensile strength of 857 MPa and a Young’s modulus of 58 GPa. An alkali treatment with 10 wt% NaOH solution at a maximum processing temperature of 160 °C with a hold time of 45 min was found to produce strong fibres with a low lignin content and good fibre separation. Although a good fit with the Weibull distribution function was obtained for single fibre strength, this did not allow for accurate scaling to strengths at different lengths. Alkali treated fibres, polypropylene and a maleated polypropylene (MAPP) coupling agent were compounded in a twin-screw extruder, and injection moulded into composite tensile test specimens. The strongest composite consisted of polypropylene with 40 wt% fibre and 3 wt% MAPP, and had a tensile strength of 47.2 MPa, and a Young’s modulus of 4.88 GPa.     

球磨共混制备优异抗原子氧性能的氧化石墨烯/聚酰亚胺复合薄膜

通过简单的机械共混（球磨共混）和高温压制的方法,制备了一系列具有良好抗原子氧（AO）性能的氧化石墨烯/聚酰亚胺（GO/PI）复合薄膜。微量（0.5wt%） GO的引入可使GO/PI复合薄膜的抗AO性能提高17.9%。同时,含0.5wt% GO的GO/PI复合薄膜也表现出良好的热稳定性能和力学性能。热重分析表明,含0.5wt% GO的GO/PI复合薄膜在质量损失为5%时的温度（T_d5）为519.4℃,比纯PI薄膜高14.7℃;拉伸强度为111.9 MPa,杨氏模量为2.1 GPa,与纯PI薄膜相比,分别提高了4.3 MPa和0.1 GPa。与传统的原位聚合法相比,机械共混-高温压制的方式更易于操作和控制,使具有优异综合性能的GO/PI复合薄膜的大规模量产成为可能。     

UD-Cf/SiC陶瓷基复合材料的高温拉伸性能

采用两种形状(纺锤形、矩形)的拉伸试样对热压单向M40JB-C_f/SiC和T800-C_f/SiC复合材料进行了高温拉伸强度测试,得到了C_f/SiC复合材料的拉伸强度,并对纺锤形试样断裂应变的表达式进行修正,得出了复合材料的弹性模量。M40JB-C_f/SiC复合材料1300℃的拉伸强度及模量分别为374 MPa和134 GPa, 1450 ℃的拉伸强度及模量为338 MPa和116 GPa,T800-C_f/SiC复合材料1300 ℃拉伸强度和模量为392 MPa 和115 GPa。测试结果与试样的断裂方式密切相关,在有效部位断裂的测试结果大于在非有效区断裂的测试结果。M40JB-C_f/SiC复合材料的拉伸断裂应力-应变曲线表现出塑性变形的非线弹性破坏特征,而T800-C_f/SiC主要表现为线弹性特征。