CAC—CIMS中FDNC生产线控制的研究和开发

以ＣＡＣ－ＣＩＭＳ中的单元控制器、制造工作站控制器、ＤＮＣ接口控制器的研究与开发为背景，着重对柔性数控（ＦＤＮＣ）生产线的递阶控制结构、系统功能、系统设计和实现的关键技术及运行等进行了论述。     

CAC－CIMS中FDNC生产线控制的研究和开发

以ＣＡＣ－ＣＩＭＳ中的单元控制器、制造工作站控制器、ＤＮＣ接口控制器的研究与开发为背景，着重对柔性数控（ＦＤＮＣ）生产线的递阶控制结构、系统功能、系统设计和实现的关键技术及运行等进行了论述。     

CIMS环境中FMS车间控制器的功能

从计算机集成制造系统的概念出发，讨论了柔性制造车间在ＣＩＭＳ环境中的地位，介绍了ＦＭＳ车间控制器的特点和主要功能，讨论了ＦＭＳ车间内信息要求和计算机网络的结构，以及车间控制系统与其它系统的联系和功能上的协调和互补关系。     

柔性制造环境下基于质量控制的状态监控系统

以ＦＭＳ环境下加工单元为对象，建立了通用集成化设备与过程状态监控系统，给出了系统体系结构与硬软件组成，探讨了实际柔性生产过程中实时在线的状态监控系统实现的信息获取，状态描述，开放体系，状态辨识，异常与故障综合决策等关键技术。     

分散化——自动化技术变化中的产品

持续变化的自动化技术为遍及世界的工业界生产现场带来了深刻的影响。一些理论研究得出的方法,如ＣＩＭ（计算机集成制造）或“单元化工厂”,在实践时,对生产现场的装备都有技术上的要求,这借助于革新或简易改造现有产品来实现。控制阀的分散化就是从这些要求中得出的一个方案。文章以Ｓｉｅｍｅｎｓ公司可编程控制器和Ｆｅｓｔｏ公司阀组单元（Ｖｅｎｔｉｌｉｎｓｅｌ,直译为阀岛）组成的产品ＳＦ５０为例,阐述如何运用自动化     

飞机结构件集成化CAPP系统

本文介绍了一个飞机结构件ＣＡＰＰ系统ＦＡ－ＣＡＰＰ，它是运行于成都飞机工业公司ＣＩＭＳ环境的集成化ＣＡＰＰ系统，实现了同ＣＩＭＳ各集成单元的集成。文中介绍了ＦＡ－ＣＡＰＰ的主要功能，重点讨论了ＣＡＤ／ＣＡＰＰ／ＣＡＭ的集成、特征基工艺决策及其专家系统、知识库技术的应用等关键技术问题。     

南京航空航天大学计算机集成制造系统（CIMS）工程研究中心

南京航空航天大学计算机集成制造系统（ＣＩＭＳ）工程研究中心南京航空航天大学ＣＩＭＳＩ程研究中心的主要研究方向是ＣＩＭＳ、ＦＭＳ整体技术及各单元技术的基础理论研究、应用研究和工程项目的研究与开发，包括系统总体设计、系统详细设计、软件开发、模拟仿真、ＣＡ...     

面向柔性制造系统的非传统工件安装方法及其应用技术

回顾了国内外关于面向柔性制造系统的工件安装方法及其研究动态，介绍了无基准零件密封技术（Ｒｅｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ Ｆｒｅｅ Ｐａｒｔ Ｅｎｃａｐｓｕｌａｔｉｏｎ－ＲＦＰＥ）的基本原理、组成和工艺过程，指出了该项技术用于生产实际尚存在的不足，提出并研制了快速寻位与状态记忆（Ｒａｐｉｄ Ｌｏｃａｔｉｎｇ ａｎｄ Ｓｔａｔｅ Ｍｏｍｏｒｙ－ＲＬ＆Ｍ）通用夹具系统，以促进ＲＬ＆ＳＭ安装技术在敏捷制造中的应用。     

基层计量部门应加强计算机管理

用计算机进行管理 ,不单指对计量器具的管理 ,还包括计量管理的各方面 ,现在还没有一个专用软件能解决计量管理各方面的问题。因此 ,建议用专用软件（ＣＭＭＳ系统）和办公软件（ＷＰＳ２０００和微软的ＯＦＦＩＣＥ系统等）组成基层计量部门的计算机计量管理体系。“ＣＭＭＳ工业企业通用计量管理信息系统”主要用于计量器具和计量数据的管理 ,该系统不但适用于工业企业 ,也可用于地（市）级以下计量部门对计量器具的管理。目前 ,计算机的容量很大 ,建议根据不同的需要 ,多建几个分系统。其中一个分系统 ,如 :ＦＭＭＳ１ ,作总体运行 ,不宜…     

FMES运行监视与故障诊断系统的研究与设计

以长春柔性制造实验系统为研究对象，研究了柔性制造系统的运行监视与故障诊断技术，研制了基于实时动画和人工智能的ＦＭＥＳ运行监视和故障诊断系统。介绍了ＦＭＥＳ－ＭＤＳ的总体结构讨论了ＦＭＥＳ－ＭＤＳ中的信息检测方法和故障诊断技术。     

Discrete cell control

This paper outlines the approach taken by the Cell Control Group at the University of Birmingham, in collaboration with four industrial partners, to define the generic elements of a discrete cell controller. The research programme has determined the functions which should be performed at cell level, and established how the cell controller should communicate both upwards to manufacturing information systems and downwards to the machine controllers on the shop floor.     

A formal structure and implementation of a robotic material handling controller in an automated shop floor environment

This paper proposes a formal structure and framework for a robotic material handling (MH) equipment-level controller in a hierarchical shop floor control architecture. This framework essentially attempts to integrate shop-level process planning with material handling at the workplace. Handling operations are therefore integrated with manufacturing functions in order to ensure 'seamless' material transfer and processing. The responsibilities of the MH equipment controller include: interface with a MH robot; read and interpret handling plans from a database (in the form of an AND/OR graph); plan and schedule MH activities; perform path planning and grasp planning for the required task; generate generic robot-level commands automatically; and convert generic robot-level commands to robot-specific instructions. A MH equipment-level controller has been designed and implemented for a PUMA 560 robot in the CIM lab at the Pennsylvania State University. The proposed controller can work for various situations and job volumes. In addition, by creating the framework described in this paper, extending the concept for other parts and obstacles with various features, coordinating the vision system or the CAD system to the proposed controller, and combining complete path planning and grasp planning systems, a fully operational MH equipment-level controller can be realized.     

PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL HIERARCHY USING A GENERIC CONTROLLER

An enhanced decision-making and control hierarchy is introduced for the production planning problem. The proposed decomposition schema first combines the principles of both a temporal decomposition and a product disaggregation to define the production planning hierarchy. The concept of a generic controller is then applied to two levels of hierarchical decision making. To further provide for enhanced decision making and control, both the frequency and the content of coordinative information exchanges among the hierarchical levels have been significantly augmented. An integrated, stochastic decision-making approach will be employed within each implemented generic controller to rigorously address the uncertainties that arc inherent to the production planning problem. The proposed two-level application of the generic controller is then expanded to outline the interactions among additional planning levels as well as other functions comprising a computer-integrated manufacturing system. Finally, methods are proposed for determining the essential planning horizon lengths that are required for each production-planning level to interact with other manufacturing functions.     

Modular generic software system for cellular FMS

The development of complex, flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) is very much dependent on the development of the associated control software. Because of the complexity involved, reliable and quality FMS software with comprehensive functionality and sophistication is difficult to design, implement and maintain. This paper proposes a modular, generic software system. Using the software developed, a range of cellular FMS (CFMS) control software can be generated from a library of well-defined software building blocks. This paper also describes the design of a generic software architecture, covering specifications for the control architecture, controller structure and software platform. Application of the building block concept has addressed the CFMS software problem effectively and the resulting software possesses a high degree of modularity and flexibility.     

Adaptive and dynamic process planning using neural networks

Although feature-based process planning plays a vital role in automating and integrating design and manufacturing for efficient production, its off-line properties prevent the shop floor controller from rapidly coping with dynamic shop floor status such as unexpected production errors and rush orders. This paper proposes a conceptual framework of the adaptive and dynamic process planning system that can rapidly and dynamically generate the needed process plans based on shop floor status. In particular, the generic schemes for constructing dynamic planning models are suggested. The dynamic planning models are constructed as neural network forms, and then embedded into each process feature in the process plan. The shop floor controller will execute them to determine machine, cutting tools, cutting parameters, tool paths and NC codes just before the associated process feature is machined. The dynamic nature of process planning enables the shop floor controller to increase flexibility and efficiency in unexpected situations.     

Durham adaptive optics real-time controller

The Durham adaptive optics (AO) real-time controller was initially a proof of concept design for a generic AO control system. It has since been developed into a modern and powerful central-processing-unit-based real-time control system, capable of using hardware acceleration (including field programmable gate arrays and graphical processing units), based primarily around commercial off-the-shelf hardware. It is powerful enough to be used as the real-time controller for all currently planned 8 m class telescope AO systems. Here we give details of this controller and the concepts behind it, and report on performance, including latency and jitter, which is less than 10 μs for small AO systems.     

Comparison in purity and antitumor effect of brand and generic paclitaxel against human ovarian cancer cells by an in vitro experimental model

Context: The purity and the therapeutic effectiveness of the generic paclitaxel have not yet been examined and compared to the original brand form. Objective: This study aimed to compare the in vitro purity and biological effects of original brand form (Taxol) and a generic drug of paclitaxel. Materials and Methods: Purity was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, cell viability by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay, cell proliferation by clonogenic assay, morphology by Liu's staining, and cell cycle distribution by DNA histogram. Results: Taxol and generic paclitaxel shared similar high-performance liquid chromatography profiles with a major peak at the same retention time and ultraviolet spectrum. Generic paclitaxel inhibited the cell viability to an extent greater than Taxol. By assessing the IC₅₀, generic paclitaxel also exhibited a greater inhibitory activity on clonogenicity of human ovarian adenocarcinoma SKOV-3 cells. Although both generic paclitaxel and Taxol arrested SKOV-3 and ES-2 cells at G2/M phase with concurrent development of hypoploid and polyploid cells, Taxol treatment exhibited markedly less extent of these changes. Observation of cellular morphology revealed a greater amount of mitotic catastrophe-like and apoptotic cells in generic paclitaxel-treated cells than Taxol-treated cells. Discussion and Conclusion: The results suggest that generic paclitaxel may possess a greater cell death inducing capacity and clonogenicity inhibitory activity against ovarian cancer cells than the original brand Taxol of the same purity. We conclude that this experimental model for assessing the difference between generic and brand name drugs might be considered as a reference while determining their interchangeability and could be easily established in a hospital-based laboratory.     

Celeritas: a coloured Petri net approach to simulation and control of flexible manufacturing systems

In many areas of computerization today, the capabilities of hardware systems far exceed the sophistication of software systems needed for optimum control. This research is an attempt to advance software control capabilities of flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs). To this end, an FMS controller architecture, called Celeritas, has been designed and a software system conforming to this architecture has been designed and implemented. Celeritas is a generic, data-configurable FMS controller designed using the coloured Petri nets (CP-nets) modelling paradigm augmented with decision support software to provide both FMS simulation and control. Formalisms of the CP-net paradigm provide straightforward representation of both the inherent concurrency and resource conflicts present in such a complex system. Augmentations provide user-defined routines for real-time interfaces to this information which is utilized to provide resource arbitration services among jobs competing for scarce resources and overall job scheduling.     

Developing a fuzzy proportional–derivative controller optimization engine for engineering design optimization problems

In real world engineering design problems, decisions for design modifications are often based on engineering heuristics and knowledge. However, when solving an engineering design optimization problem using a numerical optimization algorithm, the engineering problem is basically viewed as purely mathematical. Design modifications in the iterative optimization process rely on numerical information. Engineering heuristics and knowledge are not utilized at all. In this article, the optimization process is analogous to a closed-loop control system, and a fuzzy proportional–derivative (PD) controller optimization engine is developed for engineering design optimization problems with monotonicity and implicit constraints. Monotonicity between design variables and the objective and constraint functions prevails in engineering design optimization problems. In this research, monotonicity of the design variables and activities of the constraints determined by the theory of monotonicity analysis are modelled in the fuzzy PD controller optimization engine using generic fuzzy rules. The designer only needs to define the initial values and move limits of the design variables to determine the parameters in the fuzzy PD controller optimization engine. In the optimization process using the fuzzy PD controller optimization engine, the function value of each constraint is evaluated once in each iteration. No sensitivity information is required. The fuzzy PD controller optimization engine appears to be robust in the various design examples tested.     

Cell control research— current status and development trends

A critical literature review on cell controller research is presented in this paper. Different definitions of a flexible manufacturing cell and cell controller are analysed, and comprehensive cell and cell controller definitions are given. Based on the requirements for a cell control system suggested by practitioners, users and researchers, a new set of general requirements for the development of a cell control system is proposed. After many well-known cell control systems are reviewed, a general structure of a cell controller and the general architecture of the cell control system, which includes a cell controller and a sub-system for the generation and configuration of a cell controller, are suggested. The scheduling approaches used in cell control are also discussed. The tools employed for modelling the cell control logic are examined. The trends and potential research directions in cell controller development are addressed.