固溶处理对AM60B＋xRE及AZ9lD＋xRE镁合金性能的影响

研究了添加少量富铈混合稀土的AM60B xRE及AZ9lD xRE合金(x＝0．4、0．8、1．2、1．6和2．0％，质量分数)固溶处理后的显微组织与机械性能．结果表明，添加混合稀土能显著提高合金的抗拉强度σb和屈服强度σ0.2，固溶处理明显提高AZ9lD xRE合金的强度；AM60B xRE及AZ9lD xRE合金的铸态组织由α(Mg)固溶体、杆状Al11RE3相、颗粒状Al10Ce2Mn7相以及网状Mg17Al12相组成，经过固溶处理后，网状Mg17Al12相完全溶解，只剩下热稳定性较高的Al11RE3相和Al10Ce2Mn7相，随固溶时间的延长，其形态略有改变．AM60B xRE合金拉伸试样断口呈带局部韧窝的准解理断裂形式，而AZ9lD xRE合金则呈现沿晶断裂 解理断裂的混合断口形态．     

含钇Mg-Al系镁合金的研究现状和进展

综述了钇(Y)对Mg-Al系合金的组织、室温和高温力学性能、铸造性能以及耐腐蚀性能的影响.添加适量Y不仅可以细化镁舍金的基体组织,生成高熔点强化相Al2Y,还可以改善β相(Mg17Al12)的形态,有利于铗合金室温力学性能的提高,而Y的固溶强化作用和Al2Y颗粒相的弥散强化作用既有利于室温力学性能的提高,又有利于合金高温力学性能的提高.添加适量Y也可以改善Mg-Al系合金的铸造性能和耐腐蚀性能.Y和Ce、Ca和Nd等合金元素的复合加入可有效改善镁合金的力学性能.指出了含钇Mg-Al系合金目前存在的问题,并展望了其发展前景.     

Sb对Mg-5Al-2Sr合金组织和性能的影响

采用表面活性元素Sb微合金化的方法制备了Mg-5Al-2Sr-xSb(x=0,0.3,0.6,1.0)合金,通过金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和力学性能测试等方法研究了Sb含量对Mg-5Al-2Sr合金微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,Mg-5Al-2Sr-xSb合金铸态组织主要由枝晶α-Mg、沿晶界或分布在枝晶间的层状或离异共晶的Al4Sr相、块状三元Mg9Al3Sr相(τ相)和颗粒状SbSr2相组成,随着Sb含量的增加,Sb-Sr2相的数量逐渐增多,τ相逐渐减少.Sb的质量分数为0.6%时,断续分布的Al4Sr相和细小弥散分布的Sb-Sr2相能够提高Mg-5Al-2Sr合金的室温和高温(150℃)机械性能.     

Sb变质Mg-10Al合金的组织与力学性能

研究了不同Sb含量的Mg-10Al合金的微观组织及在室温和150℃高温下的力学性能。结果表明,加入适量的Sb,Mg-10Al合金中生成了弥散分布的针状Mg3Sb2相,α-Mg初晶显著细化,抑制了网状共晶组织的形成。当Sb含量为0.5%(质量分数)时,组织细化效果最佳。随着Sb含量的增加,室温及高温下合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率先升高后降低,均在Sb含量为0.5%(质量分数)时获得最佳综合性能。Mg-10Al-0.5Sb合金在150℃的抗拉强度为180MPa、伸长率为19%,比Mg-10Al合金分别提高了30%和90%。此外,在150℃条件下,含Sb合金仍保持了与其在室温下相当的强度,而未添加Sb的Mg-10Al合金的强度则明显下降。     

固溶处理对AM60B+XRE及AZ91D+XRE 镁合金性能的影响

研究了添加少量富铈混合稀土的AM60B+xRE及AZ91D+xRE合金(x=0.4、0.8、1.2、1.6和2.0%,质量分数)固溶处理后的显微组织与机械性能.结果表明,添加混合稀土能显著提高合金的抗拉强度σb和屈服强度σ0.2,固溶处理明显提高AZ91D+xRE合金的强度;AM60B+xRE及AZ91D+xRE合金的铸态组织由α(Mg)固溶体、杆状Al11RE3相、颗粒状Al10Ce2Mn7相以及网状Mg17Al12相组成,经过固溶处理后,网状Mg17Al12相完全溶解,只剩下热稳定性较高的Al11RE3相和Al10Ce2Mn7相,随固溶时间的延长,其形态略有改变.AM60B+xRE合金拉伸试样断口呈带局部韧窝的准解理断裂形式,而AZ91D+xRE合金则呈现沿晶断裂+解理断裂的混合断口形态.     

锑合金化对镁铝基合金力学性能的改善作用

研究了锑合金化对镁铝合金Mg-9Al-0.8Zn(AZ91)显微组织和力学性能的影响,结果表明,锑低合金化可以显著提高AZ91合金在从室温至200℃区间内的拉伸屈服强度,用扫描电镜和透射电镜详细分析了试样形变前后的显微组织及其变化,发现在AZ91合金中加入0.1wt%-1.0wt%的Sb后,合金的显微组织得到明显细化,Sb在AZ91合金中的存在方式主要有两种,（1）固溶入β－Mg17Al12相,（2）以Mg3Sb2形式析出,该颗粒具有六方结构（D52型）,有很高的热稳定性,可以作为α－Mg非自发形的衬底,在此基础上探讨了Sb合金的化提高镁铝合金性能的机理,室温下主要是细化基体昌粒产生的昌界强化机制,高温下则主要通过自生相（Mg3Sb2)粒子的弥散强化机制。     

微量镨对Al-5Mg组织及室温和高温力学性能的影响

通过显微组织分析、室温及高温力学性能测试、XRD和SEM分析等方法,研究了稀土Pr对Al_5 Mg合金的显微组织、凝固区间和室/高温力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,Al_5Mg合金中加入稀土Pr使合金凝固区间变窄,细化了合金组织;Pr的加入净化了合金组织,减少了合金组织杂质缺陷,提高了合金性能;Pr的加入对合金有固溶和强化相强化作用,β-Al_(11)Pr_3强化相具有较高的高温稳定性能,提高了合金的高温性能。     

Cu-0．54A12O3弥散强化铜合金的拉伸变形和断裂行为

对Cu—0．54％Al2O3弥散强化复合材料的拉伸变形和断裂行为进行了研究。结果表明，经挤压比为30：1的热挤压后，复合材料的σb、σ0.2、δ和σ0.2／σb分别高达40MPa、250MPa、24％和74％。冷加工后合金的强度随退火温度的升高而逐渐下降，但σ0.2／σb仍保持较高的值。挤压态合金的加工硬化指数n为0．256，明显低于纯铜。铜基体中均匀弥散分布着平均尺寸为18nm，间距为100nm的Al2O3纳米粒子，提高了铜基体的强度，阻碍了高温退火时再结晶的发生，降低了合金的加工硬化速率。挤压态合金的拉伸断口宏观上为杯锥状，微观上表现为明显的韧性断裂特征。     

稀土钇对2519合金组织及耐热性能的影响

采用X射线、光学显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜等手段研究了微量稀土Y对2519合金的显微组织及耐热性能的影响.结果表明,在2519合金中Y元素与Cu,Al元素主要形成Al6Cu6Y金属间化合物,并沿晶界分布.这些金属间化合物有效阻碍高温时基体的变形和晶界的移动,提高合金高温强度.添加0.20%Y(质量分数)可使合金200℃时的抗拉强度提高30%,但伸长率有所下降.Y含量的进一步增加,含Y化合物聚集长大成块,合金室温及高温力学性能降低.同时发现,微量的Y细化了合金的再结晶组织,细化了合金强化相θ′相.添加0.10%Y时可使合金的室温强度提高20MPa.     

铸态Mg-4Al-4Si-0.75Sb合金的显微组织与力学性能

采用重力铸造法制备Mg-4Al-4Si-0.75Sb(AS44-0.75Sb)(质量分数/%,下同)镁合金,研究铸态合金的显微组织和室温力学性能。结果表明:铸态AS44-0.75Sb合金主要由α-Mg基体、β-Mg17Al12相、Mg2Si相和Mg3Sb2相组成;加入0.75Sb后形成高熔点的Mg3Sb2相,显著改善了Mg2Si相的形貌,使粗大的骨骼状Mg2Si转变为相对细小的汉字状Mg2Si。铸态合金的硬度HV为65.9,屈服强度为136.4MPa,抗拉强度为172.3MPa,伸长率为3.3%;拉伸断裂形式为准解理脆性断裂。     

Effects of heat treatments on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg–3Nd–0.2Zn–0.4Zr (wt.%) alloy

Microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast and different heat treated Mg–3Nd–0.2Zn–0.4Zr (wt.%) (NZ30K) alloys were investigated. The as-cast alloy was comprised of magnesium matrix and Mg₁₂Nd eutectic compounds. After solution treatment at 540 °C for 6 h, the eutectic compounds dissolved into the matrix and small Zr-containing particles precipitated at grain interiors. Further aging at low temperatures led to plate-shaped metastable precipitates, which strengthened the alloy. Peak-aged at 200 °C for 10–16 h, fine β″ particles with DO₁₉ structure was the dominant strengthening phase. The alloy had ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation of 300–305 MPa and 11%, respectively. Aged at 250 °C for 10 h, coarse β′ particles with fcc structure was the dominant strengthening phase. The alloy showed UTS and elongation of 265 MPa and 20%, respectively. Yield strengths (YS) of these two aged conditions were in the same level, about 140 MPa. Precipitation strengthening was the largest contributor (about 60%) to the strength in these two aged conditions. The hardness of aged NZ30K alloy seemed to correspond to UTS not YS.     

微量钪在Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金中的存在形式和作用

通过显微组织观察和室温拉伸实验,研究了微量Sc在Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金中的存在形式和对合金微观组织和拉伸性能的影响.结果表明:微量Sc在Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金中主要以初生Al3(Sc,Zr)和次生Al3(Sc,Zr)两种形式存在.初生的Al3(Sc,Zr)是合金凝固过程中形成的,可成为有效的非均质形核中心,显著细化铸态晶粒组织,具有细晶强化和增塑作用;次生Al3(Sc,Zr)是合金在热加工过程中析出的,对位错和亚晶界起钉扎作用,稳定亚结构并有效抑制合金再结晶,具有亚结构强化和直接析出强化作用.因此,加入微量Sc的Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金的强度和塑性大大提高.     

铸态Mg-4Al-2Si合金的显微组织与力学性能

采用重力铸造法制备Mg-4Al-2Si(AS42)镁合金,研究了铸态合金的显微组织和室温力学性能。结果表明:铸态AS42合金主要由α-Mg基体、β-Mg17Al12相及Mg2Si相组成;β-Mg17Al12相呈网状和棒状分布于晶界上,粗大的汉字状Mg2Si相沿晶界或穿晶分布,多边形块状Mg2Si相随机分布于基体组织中。铸态合金的硬度为64.5 HV,室温抗拉强度为113.5 MPa,屈服强度为86 MPa,伸长率为4.1%;拉伸断裂形式为准解理脆性断裂。     

Effect of Ca, RE elements and semi-solid processing on the microstructure and creep properties of AZ91 alloy

The effects of calcium and rare earth elements (RE) on the microstructure and creep properties of as-cast and thixoformed AZ91 magnesium alloy have been investigated. It has been shown that the amount of β(Mg₁₇Al₁₂) intermetallic compound decreases by adding Ca and RE elements into AZ91 alloy and new Al₁₁RE₃ and Al₂Ca intermetallic compounds form in the microstructure. The coarsening of primary α(Mg) particles in AZ91 alloy and in the Ca and RE containing (AZRC91) alloy takes place by Ostwald ripening mechanism. Adding Ca and RE elements into AZ91 alloy results in a decrease in the coarsening rate of solid particles in semi-solid slurry, whereas it has no visible effect on the shape factor of the solid-particles. The creep properties of AZ91 alloy are improved by adding Ca and RE elements particularly, in the thixoformed condition.     

Influence of small Sb nanoparticles additions on the microstructure, hardness and tensile properties of Sn–9Zn binary eutectic solder alloy

In the present study, different weight percentages of Sb nanoparticles (100–120 nm) ranging from 0 to 1.5 wt% were added to Sn–9Zn eutectic solder alloy to investigate the effect of third element addition on the microstructure, mechanical properties as well as thermal behavior of the newly developed composite solder alloys. The results indicate that the Sb nano-particle based intermetallic compounds (IMC) were found uniformly distributed, refined the microstructure and formed IMC particles in the eutectic solder alloy. After the addition of nano Sb particles in Sn–9Zn solder, fine α-Zn phase and ε-Sb₃Zn₄ IMC particles were clearly observed in the β-Sn matrix. The ε-Sb₃Zn₄ IMC particles were uniformly distributed in the β-Sn phase, which resulted in an increase in the tensile strength due to the second phase dispersion strengthening mechanism. However, in the doped Sn–9Zn/1.5Sb alloys, α-Zn phases were broken enormously, depleted and round shaped compared to the normal rod shaped α-Zn phase microstructure in plain Sn–9Zn solder. In comparison, the ε-Sb₃Zn₄ IMC particle in the doped Sn–9Zn/1.0Sb alloy were star shaped. The average tensile strength and micro-hardness of the Sb doped Sn–9Zn solder alloys were consistently higher than the plain un-doped Sn–9Zn solder. The tensile strength and the microhardness increased with increasing Sb nano-particle content, up to 1.0 wt% of Sb content, and then decreased beyond that threshold value. Consequently the percentage (%) elongation of the Sb nanoparticle doped Sn–9Zn solder decreased with increasing Sb nano-particle content, up to 1.0 wt% of Sb content, and then increased beyond that threshold value.     

镁合金稀土元素合金化研究进展

本文叙述了国内外镁合金稀土元素合金化的研究进展;讨论了稀土元素对镁合金熔体、组织和性能以及耐腐蚀性的影响;分析了镁稀土合金研究存在的问题;指出镁稀土合金是镁合金研究的重要发展方向。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-3Al-1Zn-xRE Alloys

In this work, the influence of element RE on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the hot extuded Mg-3Al-1Zn-xRE alloys (with element RE content of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 wt pct) has been investigated and compared.It was found that RE can bring about precipitations phase that is identified as Al11 RE3 by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).The grain sizes would not be refined after adding RE element.Al11 RE3 phase would increase strength and decrease the ductility.The addition of RE element affects dynamic recrystallized process and even reorientation of recrystallized grains.The results showed that the mechanical properties of AZ31+RE alloy are affected by combination of Al atoms, Mn atoms, Al11RE3phase and grains orientation.It is important to consider the ratio of RE/Al when designing new Mg-Al-RE alloys.     

通过热处理提升镁合金综合力学性能:第二相的变化与作用

在镁合金研究中,第二相极大地影响了合金的综合力学性能。热处理技术可以很好地改善第二相的类型,形貌及分布状态;从而提高合金的综合力学性能。基于此,系统地对镁合金的热处理类型进行了介绍;综述了常用镁合金在不同热处理工艺下第二相的变化及对综合力学性能的影响。同时就镁合金热处理技术、热处理常见问题以及国内外先进热处理技术进行了讨论,最后展望了先进镁合金热处理发展趋势。