射频对电火工品的影响及防护措施

文章对电火工品(EED)的射频耦合路径进行了分析,根据天线理论对射频的耦合特性进行理论计算,将计算结果同试验结果进行了比较,说明武器中应用的电火工品在强电磁射频环境下能够受到危害,同时提出了几种有效防护射频危害的方法.     

火工品高频段射频阻抗测试技术?

为测量高频段火工品射频阻抗,根据火工品脚线和矢量网络分析仪的结构特点,设计了火工品专用连接夹具,实现了同轴和平行线的有效连接。并对夹具引入的测量误差进行了修正计算,建立了基于矢量网络分析仪的高频段火工品射频阻抗测试系统。利用此系统,测量了火工品1~18 GHz范围内的射频阻抗,共出现了5个谐振点,在谐振点火工品从电磁环境中吸收的能量最大,为评价火工品在电磁环境中的安全性提供了数据支撑。     

一种新型的六边形结构超宽频带微带天线

提出一种新型的多边形结构宽带微带天线。此天线拥有体积小、剖面低、重量轻、结构简单等。采用ansoft公司的基于时域有限差分法(FDTD)的HFSS12电磁仿真软件对该天线进行了仿真。从仿真结果上看,该微带天线的中心频率10GHz,S11≤-10dB时的相对带宽147%(3.0GHz～20.0GHz),可以有效的覆盖到S、C、X、Ku各个波段以及3GHz到6GHz各个移动通信频段,也可用于各种无线局域网等场合。该天线的平均增益3dB,最高增益达到5dB。     

探针馈电贴片天线的建模及其在滤波天线中的应用

针对探针馈电矩形微带贴片天线的建模,本文提出了一种新的集总元件等效电路,并给出了等效电路模型中元件参数的相关公式,尤其包含了馈电探针的位置参数.此等效电路的特点是其端口特性能够在比较宽的频率范围内与物理模型保持一致.为了验证该等效模型,以滤波器综合理论和所提出的等效电路模型为基础,设计了一个中心频率为2.4GHz,且具有二阶巴特沃尔斯带通滤波器响应的滤波天线,其中用提取好的2.4GHz探针馈电矩形微带贴片天线等效电路模型取代滤波器的末级谐振回路和端口.整个滤波天线的等效电路仿真结果与其物理结构仿真结果吻合较好,经实测得到的反射系数、方向图和增益也与仿真结果一致.     

电磁环境下桥丝式电火工品安全性仿真研究

采用等效天线负载法计算了电磁环境下桥丝式电火工品中的辐射感应电流,结合具体算例模拟了核爆电磁脉冲和微波武器作用下桥丝中感应电流的热效应。研究结果表明,核爆电磁脉冲不易造成桥丝火工品的意外发火,但高功率微波武器的连续作用,会导致桥丝式电火工品在极短的时间内发火。     

一种适用于WLAN的新型高隔离度双频双极化天线

本文设计了一种新型的适用于WLAN的双频双极化微带天线.该天线通过改变辐射贴片以及缝隙的尺寸,并在凸字形的辐射贴片夹角处开缝,以此来实现双频双极化特性.同时,通过改变馈线形状并在馈线上开U型缝隙,提高端口隔离度以及高频工作频带的带宽.利用电磁仿真软件HFSS对天线的结构参数进行仿真和优化.仿真结果表明:天线可以工作在2.36GHz和5.44GHz两个频率点,相对阻抗带宽分别为10.6%(2.21GHz~2.46GHz)、4.8%(5.31GHz~5.57GHz).两个频段增益最大值分别约为4dB,5dB.     

地网对垂直偶极子天线辐射特性的影响

研究地网对垂直偶板子天线辐射特性的影响。建立了该天线的仿真模型，采用基于矩量法的仿真软件计算了铺设地网后垂直偶板子天线增益、输入阻抗、最大辐射仰角、3dB波瓣宽度等辐射特性。结果表明，地网中心偏离天线振子正下方0．75λ时能显著提高天线的增益，改变地网大小和铺设密度也能在一定程度上提高天线的增益。     

Wi-Fi/WiMAX双极化阵列天线研究

提出一种应用于Wi-Fi/WiMAX的宽带高增益双极化阵列天线.它由+45°和-45°正交极化的两个天线组成。当频率为2.38~2.72 GHz时,天线的回波损耗大于-10 dB;端口1与端口2之间隔离度大于20 dB;端口1在2.45 GHz时获得最大增益为17.14 dBi,端口2在2.483 GHz时获得最大增益为17.15 dBi.仿真和测试很好相吻合,该双极化天线能满足Wi-Fi/WiMAX通信网络要求.     

铁磁涂层碳纤维复合材料电磁防护性能仿真计算

采用CST软件可以针对铁磁涂层碳纤维正交网格板进行模型建立并计算其电磁性能;仿真结果表明双层铁磁碳纤维在0.3GHz~4.0GHz频率内电磁波吸收率所占比重增加,3.0GHz高达38%;在0.3GHz~4.0GHz频率下电磁防护性能理论值达94%以上。     

卡西尼卵形贴片的电磁微波吸收研究

简单介绍了卡西尼卵形线的形成和卵形线族，提出了基于卡西尼卵形线的新型贴片电磁结构，并采用商业软件HFSS对雷达散射截面（RCS）随入射频率与随视角的变化进行了仿真计算。得到：在频率4-8GHz范围内，卡西尼贴片的RCS小于-8dBm，明显优于矩形贴片，约小2．2dBm。在频率6GHz，Φ=90°时，RCS随视角口的变化也优于矩形贴片。通过与相同面积的矩形贴片RCS的结果对比与简单分析，得出卡西尼卵形线贴片结构用于电磁隐身将优于相同面积的矩形贴片的结论。最后指出了卡西尼卵形线新型贴片结构在电磁隐身、天线设计等方面可能具有潜在的应用前景。     

Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna for Portable Wireless Applications

In this paper, the design and experimental evaluation of a hexagonal-shaped coplanar waveguide (CPW)-feed frequency reconfigurable antenna is presented using flame retardant (FR)-4 substrate with size of 37 × 35 × 1.6 mm³. The antenna is made tunable to three different modes through the status of two pin diodes to operate in four distinct frequency bands, i.e., 2.45 GHz wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) in MODE 1, 3.3 GHz (5G sub-6 GHz band) in MODE 2, 2.1 GHz (3G Long Term Evolution (LTE)-advanced) and 3.50 GHz Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) in MODE 3. The optimization through simulation modeling shows that the proposed antenna can provide adequate gain (1.44~2.2 dB), sufficient bandwidth (200~920 MHz) and high radiation efficiency (80%~95%) in the four resonating frequency bands. Voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) < 1.5 is achieved for all bands with properly matched characteristics of the antenna. To validate the simulation results, fabrication of the proposed optimized design is performed, and experimental analysis is found to be in a considerable amount of agreement. Due to its reasonably small size and support of multiple frequency bands operation, the proposed antenna can support portable devices for handheld 5G and Wireless LAN (WLAN) applications.     

Frequency Characteristics of Misaligned Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 Thin-Film Intrinsic Josephson Junction Arrays Irradiated by Millimeter-Wave

We have investigated the millimeter wave irradiation characteristics of misaligned Tl₂Ba₂CaCu₂O₈ thin-film intrinsic Josephson junction arrays at a liquid nitrogen temperature in an antenna system by both simulation and experiments. The dielectric substrate was regarded as a dielectric resonance antenna to improve high-frequency electromagnetic coupling between the intrinsic Josephson junction array and a horn antenna. A useful model for simulating the microwave system was devised to demonstrate and analyze the optimization of the irradiation in the antenna system. The electric field distribution in the antenna system was computed and displayed. Also, the near-field and far-field frequency characteristics of the receiving antenna and transmitting antenna were calculated and analyzed to study the mechanism of the irradiation. In the experiment, by detecting the suppressed critical current of the IJJA, an optimum transmission frequency range was measured and the frequency characteristic was studied in the transmitting and receiving antenna system. The critical current of the IJJA was suppressed to 37 % and the optimum coupling effect was achieved at 74.8 GHz. And the electromagnetic simulation matched up well with the experimental result. Potential reasons of the acceptable nuances between the simulation and experiment results were also taken into account. The influence the size of the microbridge had on the frequency characteristic of the dielectric antenna were elaborately discussed.     

Design of X-band complementary metal-oxide semiconductor-based frequency-modulation continuous-wave sensor

This study presents an X-band complementary metal-oxide semiconductor-based frequency-modulation continuous-wave (FMCW) sensor system for transportation management. The proposed sensor system has two antennas, one to transmit signals and the other to receive them. The complete radio frequency (RF) transceiver is based on standard 0.18 μm one-poly six-metal (1P6M) CMOS technology with a chip area of 1.68 mm X 1.6 mm. Two planar leaky-mode antenna arrays with a gain of 18 dB are also designed. Experimental results indicate that the isolation between two antenna arrays that are 5.0 mm apart exceeds 42.0 dB at 10.5 GHz. The prototype of the FMCW sensor system is used in the range measurement of multiple lanes for the transportation management system (TMS). The major contribution of this study is that it integrates a 0.18 μm CMOS transceiver and antenna arrays into an FMCW RF front end, and employs an IF amplifier and a digital signal processor to demonstrate that the beat frequencies are linear. Measurements made in field tests agree closely with the simulation results.     

CPW-fed ultra wideband slot antenna with arc-shaped stub

An ultra wideband coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed slot antenna is presented. A rectangular slot antenna is excited by a 50-CPW with an arc-shaped tuning stub. For the proposed antenna, the 210 dB return loss bandwidth could reach 15.6 GHz (3.7-19.3 GHz), which is about 135% with respect to the centre frequency of 11.5 GHz. Details of the antenna design, simulation and measured results on the return loss and the E-and H-plane radiation patterns of the proposed antenna are presented.     

Wideband circularly polarised slot antenna

A wideband circularly polarised slot antenna is presented. The slot antenna is fed by four microstrip line feeds orientated to have relative phases of 0deg, 90deg, 180deg and 270deg using a feed network comprising a pair of broadband 90deg hybrid. The proposed antenna delivers measured and simulated impedance bandwidths of 77.8% (1.02-2.32 GHz) and 89.1% (1.02-2.66 GHz), respectively, for standing wave ratio (SWR) < 2, measured and simulated axial-ratio bandwidths of 88.9% (1-2.6 GHz) and 81% (1.1-2.6 GHz), respectively, for axial ratio < 3 dB and measured and simulated gain bandwidths of 33% (1.5-2.1 GHz) and 27% (1.6-2.1 GHz), respectively, for gain >3 dB. A good agreement is observed between simulation and measurement.     

Quintuple Band Antenna for Wireless Applications with Small Form Factor

A coplanar waveguide-fed quintuple band antenna with a slotted circular-shaped radiator for wireless applications with a high isolation between adjacent bands is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna resonates at multiple frequencies with corresponding center frequencies of 2.35, 4.92, 5.75, 6.52, and 8.46 GHz. The intended functionality is achieved by introducing a circular disc radiator with five slots and a U-shaped slot in the feed. The proposed antenna exhibits coverage of the maximum set of wireless applications, such as satellite communication, worldwide interoperability for microwave access, wireless local area network (WLAN), long-distance radio telecommunications, and X-band/Satcom wireless applications. The simulation and measurement results of the proposed fabricated antenna demonstrate the high isolation between adjacent bands. A stable realized gain with an advantageous radiation pattern is achieved at the operating frequency bands. The proposed simple design, compact structure, and simple feeding technique make this antenna suitable for integration in several wireless communication applications, where the portability of devices is a significant concern. The proposed antenna is anticipated to be an appropriate candidate for WLAN, long-term evolution, and fifth-generation mobile communication because of its multi-operational bands and compact size for handheld devices.     

A Coplanar Microstrip Antenna as a Dosimetric E-field Probe for GSM Frequencies

The present article discusses the measurement results of a coplanar microstrip antenna used as an electric field (E-field) probe. The E-field measurement is used to calculate the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) of the tissue equivalent liquids exposed to uniform E-field strength in a transverse electromagnetic cell. The antenna used as an E-field probe resonates at the two important frequencies of the Global System for Mobile communication frequency band i.e. 915 MHz and 2.10 GHz. The simulation of the antenna has been carried out on EM simulation software, HFSS. The experimental and simulation results are found to be in good agreement for return loss. The E-field measurement results along with expanded uncertainties are compared with standard dipole results. Finally, the SAR values are computed for the in-house tissue equivalent liquid.     

一种双频MIMO天线的T型枝节解耦设计

本文设计了一种T型枝节解耦的双频MIMO天线.两个工作频段分别覆盖WLAN频率2.45 GHz/5.2 GHz/5.8 GHz.低频谐振单元为倒F天线,通过在低频枝节上增加短截线,用以产生高频谐振,实现双频工作.将天线单元沿水平方向对称放置形成二单元的MIMO天线,并采用在两个天线单元之间添加T型枝节的方法进行解耦.对所设计的天线进行仿真,其隔离度在工作频段内均高于25 dB.测试结果表明,天线隔离度在工作频段内高于27.5 dB可实现稳定的全向辐射性能.