穿孔管阻性消声器声学特性的有限元分析

将有限元法应用于预测穿孔管阻性消声器的声学性能。直通穿孔管阻性消声器传递损失的有限元计算结果与实验测量结果吻合良好,表明了有限元法预测穿孔管阻性消声器声学性能的适用性和精度。进而有限元法被用于研究吸声材料的填充密度(流阻率)、吸声材料的厚度和穿孔率对穿孔管阻性消声器声学性能的影响,结果表明,增加吸声材料的填充密度,可以改善中高频消声性能,并使峰值频率向低频方向移动;增加吸声材料厚度,可以改善阻性消声器的中高频消声性能,而对低频声学性能影响较小;膨胀腔包覆吸声材料可以改善中高频消声效果,同时消除通过频率;增加穿孔率,可以提高穿孔管阻性消声器的高频消声性能,并使共振峰向高频方向偏移;吸声材料背后增加空气腔,可以在较宽的频率范围内获得较为平坦的消声曲线。     

穿孔管阻性消声器消声性能计算及分析

一维解析法和三维子结构边界元法被用于计算和分析穿孔管阻性消声器的消声性能，以及考查消声器内非平面波对消声特性的影响。直通穿孔管阻性消声器传递损失的预测结果与实验测量结果比较表明：一维解析法只适合于消声器的低频声学性能计算，对于高频声学性能的精确预测需使用三维计算方法。边界元法进而被用于研究吸声材料的填充密度（流阻率）和几何参数对穿孔管阻性消声器消声性能的影响。增加吸声材料的填充密度、穿孔管的穿孔率和穿孔长度、以及吸声材料的厚度，均能有效地改善阻性消声器的中高频声学性能，而对消声器的低频消声效果影响较小。     

汽车排气消声器三维声场分析

采用三维有限元法对某车型排气消声器进行优化设计,根据传递导纳理论对消声器穿孔管和穿孔板进行处理,建立数值模型并进行三维声场仿真分析,获得主副消声器总成的传递损失;运用双负载四传声器法测试消声器传递损失,测试结果表明三维有限元法预测消声器声学性能有较高的精度,根据仿真结果和消声器设计原理,对主消声器进行优化,可提高排气系统声学性能,满足汽车噪声排放法规的要求。     

部分穿孔管消声器声学性能有限元分析

穿孔管消声器因具有良好的声学性能和较低的压力损失而被运用于消除内燃机排气噪声。通过运用有限元法研究部分穿孔消声器穿孔率、插入长度、周向和轴向穿孔分布、扩张腔直径等设计参数对消声器消声性能的影响。得到如下结论:穿孔率增大、插入长度变短会引起低频共振峰向高频方向偏移;穿孔率增大、扩张腔直径减小都会引起有效消声频率范围的拓宽;穿孔的轴向、周向分布对消声器消声性能没有影响。     

两通穿孔管消声器声学性能分析

利用试验结果与数值计算结果比较验证FEM预测两通穿孔管消声单元声学性能的正确性,进而运用FEM探讨结构参数对两通穿孔管消声单元声学性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:第二腔、插入管及连接管构成端部共振器,具有良好的低频消声效果;而第一腔中的穿孔段长度对中低频声学性能有较大影响,穿孔率对低频声学性能影响很小、对中频附近频段声学性能影响较大。     

穿孔管消声器消声性能的有限元计算及分析

使用有限元法计算穿孔管消声器的传递损失,并与实验测量结果进行了比较,二者吻合良好。穿孔率 相同而孔径不同的两个穿孔管消声器的传递损失与具有相同直径和长度的简单膨胀腔消声器的传递损失比较表 明,穿孔管对消声器的低频性能影响较小,而对中频消声性能影响很大、对高频消声性能影响有限。     

均匀流直通穿孔管消声器声学特性预测的有限元法

将有限元法应用于预测有均匀流存在时直通穿孔管消声器的声学特性,推导了考虑运流效应的有限元法计算公式,并给出了声学特性的计算方法和数值实施过程。传递损失数值计算结果表明,随着气流马赫数的增加,消声器中高频的消声量有所增加。为精确预测直通穿孔管消声器的声学特性,流速对消声器内声传播的影响应加以考虑。     

涡轮增压发动机进气消声器设计与声学性能数值分析

根据涡轮增压发动机进气噪声特性，设计两套进气消声器，建立进气消声器声学性能计算的有限元模型。使用贴附有吸声材料穿孔管声阻抗的修正公式和硅酸铝岩棉的声学特性参数，有限元法计算获得的消声器传递损失与实验测量结果吻合良好。最后分析组合结构对进气消声器声学性能的影响。     

穿孔管阻性消声器横向模态和声学特性计算与分析

应用二维有限元法计算穿孔管阻性消声器的横向模态,利用数值模态匹配法计算其传递损失,推导了相应的公式并编写了计算程序。对于圆形同轴穿孔管阻性消声器的传递损失,数值模态匹配法计算结果与三维有限元法计算结果以及实验值吻合良好,表明了二维有限元法计算穿孔管阻性消声器横向模态和数值模态匹配法预测消声性能的准确性。进而分析孔径、穿孔率、吸声材料的密度和穿孔管偏移对圆形直通穿孔管阻性消声器横向模态和消声特性的影响。结果表明,孔径减小、穿孔率增大,或者穿孔管偏移量增大均能使消声器有效的平面波区域变宽,高频消声效果变好,但中频消声效果变差;增加吸声材料的填充密度则能提高消声器中高频的消声量。     

组合式穿孔管消声器声学仿真

运用声学有限元法,对三种组合结构的穿孔管消声器进行声学仿真计算,对比分析不同穿孔率对上述消声器声学性能的影响。并对某大型穿孔管消声器的整体声学性能进行仿真计算,结果表明其1000HZ以下中低频段的消声效果不佳,为后续改进工作提供某些依据。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度

本文根据多年的实践检定经验 ,参照JJF1 0 59- 1 999《测量不确定度评定与表示》以及《测量不确定度表达 1 0讲》 ,对卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度进行了评定。     

盐酸浓度不确定度的评估

通过对盐酸浓度标定的过程分析，找出影响结果的各个分量，进行不确定度的评定，按照计量技术规范给出标准的表示法。     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.