Providing differentiated services in CDMA wireless networks

With much more advanced techniques employed, various applications can be supported by 3G CDMA-based wireless networks. Providing differentiated service over wireless networks has become a very important issue in the design of wireless networks. A new media access control protocol with a hierarchical scheduling algorithm to provide differentiated service for CDMA-based wireless networks is proposed. This protocol evolves from the distributed queuing random access protocol for CDMA wireless network. The proposed protocol has been designed to have an ability to accommodate integrated traffic in the networks with effective scheduling schemes. A series of simulation experiments have been carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed protocol with the hierarchical scheduling algorithm. The results reveal that the proposed solution performs effectively in the integrated traffic composed of messages with or without time constraints and achieves proportional fairness among different types of traffic.     

Social creation networks for designing low income interfaces in programmable thermostats

The user interface serves as a critical contact point between electronic devices and end-users. They aim to increase usability and optimize communicative relations between humans and machines. In this regard, theories related to human-computer interaction (HCI) stress the importance of interface design methods that consider needs, expectations, and requirements of end-users. In this paper, we propose a design methodology of a programmable interface for low-income household thermostats based on product social creation through “personas,” scenarios, and usability heuristics. As traditional market research methods used to design interfaces are inherently expensive and time-consuming, we propose a web-based design model based on the extraction and analysis of Facebook public profiles. We consider that by using Facebook profiles, the most essential interface-related needs, such as simplicity and interactivity, can be addressed in a more efficient, complete, and realistic manner comparing with the traditional product design methods. Finally, we present a mock interface and a 3D model as a way to validate the proposed design methodology based on the usability analysis.     

Metaheuristic Optimization of Time Series Models for Predicting NetworksTraffic

Traffic prediction of wireless networks attracted many researchers and practitioners during the past decades. However, wireless traffic frequently exhibits strong nonlinearities and complicated patterns, which makes it challenging to be predicted accurately. Many of the existing approaches for predicting wireless network traffic are unable to produce accurate predictions because they lack the ability to describe the dynamic spatial-temporal correlations of wireless network traffic data. In this paper, we proposed a novel meta-heuristic optimization approach based on fitness grey wolf and dipper throated optimization algorithms for boosting the prediction accuracy of traffic volume. The proposed algorithm is employed to optimize the hyper-parameters of long short-term memory (LSTM) network as an efficient time series modeling approach which is widely used in sequence prediction tasks. To prove the superiority of the proposed algorithm, four other optimization algorithms were employed to optimize LSTM, and the results were compared. The evaluation results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed approach in predicting the traffic of wireless networks accurately. On the other hand, a statistical analysis is performed to emphasize the stability of the proposed approach.     

基于虚拟化的轻量级背景流量节点生成及部署算法研究

进行了网络攻防分析,针对传统的背景流量模拟技术在生成及部署方面存在背景流量大小}限、背景流量真实性不足、背景流量生成工具部署的数量和位置}限的问题,提出了一种基于虚拟化的轻量级背景流量节点生成及部署算法,该算法是一种基于资源量的目标流量映射、基于最短路由的背景流量应用添加、基于最少通信代价的节点映射的三阶段算法,解决了背景流量节点在网络攻防实验中大规模快速生成及灵活部署的问题。实验结果表明,使用轻量级背景流量节点,生成的背景流量满足网络自相似性,资源消耗小、启动速度快,并且可根据实际网络攻防实验的需求进行动态、灵活、快速的大规模部署。     

共享语境下的产品服务与体验创新设计研究

目的 对共享语境下的产品服务与体验创新展开理论性研究,为实现产品服务可用性最大化与赋予体验创新人性化,提出实践策略。方法 通过收集和整理文献,深入剖析了共享经济的概念、框架及内涵。结合可持续设计中的产品价值理论和以人为中心的渐进性体验创新方法,探讨了共享语境下产品服务与体验创新的设计方向,并提出了对应的设计策略与设计框架。最后,利用案例分析法,聚焦共享出行服务的案例,来阐明文中所提出的设计方法的具体应用。结论 经过层层推敲,提出了关于产品服务的可用性优化策略和以人为中心的体验创新流程,为提升共享语境下产品服务的产品品质,以及展开以人为中心的体验创新过程,提供实现路径。旨在为共享经济中的产品和服务设计,提供理论指导与案例参考,为利用设计构筑共享社会带来新的启发。     

Analysis of Wireless Backhaul Networks Based on Aerial Platform Technology for 6G Systems

As next generation communication technologies emerge, new high data rate applications and high-definition large-screen video streaming have become very popular. As a result, network traffic has been increasing so much that existing backhaul networks soon will not be able to support all traffic demands. To support these needs in future 6G mobile systems, the establishment of an additional backhaul wireless network is considered essential. As one of the solutions, a wireless backhaul network based on an aerial platform has been proposed. In order to explore the potential of aerial platforms as wireless backhaul networks, in this paper, the categories for wireless backhaul networks based on aerial platforms are investigated. This paper includes a survey of the definitions and characteristics of low altitude platforms (LAPs) and high altitude platforms (HAPs), as well as channel models according to the atmosphere. For wireless backhaul network designs based on aerial platforms, altitude and platform selection options, deployment options, energy issues, and security based on target location and performance were considered in the analysis and investigation.     

基于前景理论的移动理财决策体验引导设计

目的研究决策体验引导的交互设计,减少用户认知成本,帮助用户进行移动理财决策。方法基于前景理论中关于决策者在风险决策过程中的心理和行为机制的研究,通过定性分析得出决策行为中的影响因素的价值与权重,提出了移动理财的决策体验引导设计模型,结合交互设计方法、流程、要素,对引导用户的决策行为进行研究。结论通过移动理财产品首页的设计案例,验证了基于前景理论的决策体验引导设计模型的可行性。在实现可用性目标的同时,也提升了用户在理财决策过程中的体验。     

Multi-Criteria Fuzzy-Based Decision Making Algorithm to Optimize the VHO Performance in Hetnets

Despite the seemingly exponential growth of mobile and wireless communication, this same technology aims to offer uninterrupted access to different wireless systems like Radio Communication, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi to achieve better network connection which in turn gives the best quality of service (QoS). Many analysts have established many handover decision systems (HDS) to enable assured continuous mobility between various radio access technologies. Unbroken mobility is one of the most significant problems considered in wireless communication networks. Each application needs a distinct QoS, so the network choice may shift appropriately. To achieve this objective and to choose the finest networks, it is important to select a best decision making algorithm that chooses the most effective network for every application that the user requires, dependent on QoS measures. Therefore, the main goal of the proposed system is to provide an enhanced vertical handover (VHO) decision making program by using a Multi-Criteria Fuzzy-Based algorithm to choose the best network. Enhanced Multi-Criteria algorithms and a Fuzzy-Based algorithm is implemented successfully for optimal network selection and also to minimize the probability of false handover. Furthermore, a double packet buffer is utilized to decrease the packet loss by 1.5% and to reduce the number of handovers up to 50% compared to the existing systems. In addition, the network setup has an optimized mobility management system to supervise the movement of the mobile nodes.     

Congestion-aware proactive vertical handoff algorithm in heterogeneous wireless networks

In heterogeneous wireless networks, when a mobile host/handset (MH) with multiple wireless interfaces changes its location or requires a certain network service, the MH will require a switch between different wireless networks (namely vertical handoff). A congestion-aware proactive vertical handoff algorithm is proposed, which uses a data pre-deployment technology to realise soft handoff between cellular interface and ad hoc interface. Here, the vertical handoff algorithm is implemented in an experimental heterogeneous network structure called converged ad hoc and cellular network, which is an ad hoc overlay system considering the balancing of the traffic between adjacent cellular cells. By evaluations, it is shown that the proposed algorithm can realise low handoff delay and low packet losses, and help to ease congestion issue existing in the heterogeneous networks.     

WiMA: Towards a Multi-Criterion Association in Software Defined Wi-Fi Networks

Despite the planned installation and operations of the traditional IEEE 802.11 networks, they still experience degraded performance due to the number of inefficiencies. One of the main reasons is the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) association problem, in which the user remains connected to the access point (AP) unless the RSSI becomes too weak. In this paper, we propose a multi-criterion association (WiMA) scheme based on software defined networking (SDN) in Wi-Fi networks. An association solution based on multi-criterion such as AP load, RSSI, and channel occupancy is proposed to satisfy the quality of service (QoS). SDN having an overall view of the network takes the association and reassociation decisions making the handoffs smooth in throughput performance. To implement WiMA extensive simulations runs are carried out on Mininet-NS3-Wi-Fi network simulator. The performance evaluation shows that the WiMA significantly reduces the average number of retransmissions by 5%–30% and enhances the throughput by 20%–50%, hence maintaining user fairness and accommodating more wireless devices and traffic load in the network, when compared to traditional client-driven (CD) approach and state of the art Wi-Balance approach.     

Internet of Things Based Solutions for Transport Network Vulnerability Assessment in Intelligent Transportation Systems

Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is essential for effective identification of vulnerable units in the transport network and its stable operation. Also, it is necessary to establish an urban transport network vulnerability assessment model with solutions based on Internet of Things (IoT). Previous research on vulnerability has no congestion effect on the peak time of urban road network. The cascading failure of links or nodes is presented by IoT monitoring system, which can collect data from a wireless sensor network in the transport environment. The IoT monitoring system collects wireless data via Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) channels to simulate key segments and their failure probability. Finally, the topological structure vulnerability index and the traffic function vulnerability index of road network are extracted from the vulnerability factors. The two indices are standardized by calculating the relative change rate, and the comprehensive index of the consequence after road network unit is in a failure state. Therefore, by calculating the failure probability of road network unit and comprehensive index of road network unit in failure state, the comprehensive vulnerability of road network can be evaluated by a risk calculation formula. In short, the IoT-based solutions to the new vulnerability assessment can help road network planning and traffic management departments to achieve the ITS goals.     

基于眼动仪的非物质文化遗产平面视觉体验研究

目的通过可用性与用户体验设计中的研究方法,研究非物质文化遗产平面视觉的体验设计,得到非物质文化遗产平面设计的视觉构建方式与用户体验需求。方法通过眼动仪实验与访谈获得用户注视非遗平面海报的热点图、轨迹图和注视区域图,从用户体验与可用性角度,基于眼动实验的有效数据详细探讨针对可视性非遗文化的体验现状和视觉构建。结果从可用性的角度出发提出针对非物质文化遗产平面设计的体验需求,结合眼动实验的定量分析结果与访谈用户的定性分析结果,提出针对非遗平面设计视觉体验的若干合理性建议。结论基于眼动实验结果提出的非遗平面设计视觉体验构建有助于促进非物质文化遗产信息的高效率传递,在可用性的基础上改进用户的视觉体验,助力非遗文化传播。     

基于邮轮用户体验的移动信息服务设计研究

目的 提出针对邮轮信息服务平台的构建策略,以用户信息旅程图、服务系统图、服务蓝图等可视化手段,展现当代邮轮信息服务系统的工作机制。方法 基于大型邮轮课题的研究现状,以用户体验模型、移动信息相关理论及服务设计为基础,问题为导向,通过交叉学科的研究方法,运用可用性测试方法对产品满意度进行评估,验证该设计方法对提升用户体验的有效性。结论 得出移动信息服务设计策略模型,引入服务设计思维并提出具体的设计流程,并对系统中的关键接触点给出优化建议。     

An Efficient Internet Traffic Classification System Using Deep Learning for IoT

Internet of Things (IoT) defines a network of devices connected to the internet and sharing a massive amount of data between each other and a central location. These IoT devices are connected to a network therefore prone to attacks. Various management tasks and network operations such as security, intrusion detection, Quality-of-Service provisioning, performance monitoring, resource provisioning, and traffic engineering require traffic classification. Due to the ineffectiveness of traditional classification schemes, such as port-based and payload-based methods, researchers proposed machine learning-based traffic classification systems based on shallow neural networks. Furthermore, machine learning-based models incline to misclassify internet traffic due to improper feature selection. In this research, an efficient multilayer deep learning based classification system is presented to overcome these challenges that can classify internet traffic. To examine the performance of the proposed technique, Moore-dataset is used for training the classifier. The proposed scheme takes the pre-processed data and extracts the flow features using a deep neural network (DNN). In particular, the maximum entropy classifier is used to classify the internet traffic. The experimental results show that the proposed hybrid deep learning algorithm is effective and achieved high accuracy for internet traffic classification, i.e., 99.23%. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm achieved the highest accuracy compared to the support vector machine (SVM) based classification technique and k-nearest neighbours (KNNs) based classification technique.     

一种结合网络编码的路径代价衡量方法

针对无线路由协议中的路径代价衡量问题,结合网络编码改善无线节点信息互换的思想,提出了一种结合网络编码的路径代价衡量方法--RMNC,其核心思想是利用流量参数反映信息流的网络编码"搭乘"程度和逐节点计算路径的代价.通过将传输流流量参数和路径中节点左右链路信息流流量参数进行运算,获得路径上的各个节点的传输代价;网络中某一条路径的代价等于组成这条路径的节点传输代价之和,通过比较不同路径的逐节点计算代价值,获得最短路径.分析和模拟测试结果表明,RMNC可以有效地获得结合网络编码的最短路径,达到提高传输性能的目的.尽管传输延时有所增加,但可以接受,方法可行.     

Inter-vehicle mobile ad hoc network for road transport systems

Access to information services while on the move is becoming increasingly prevalent within transport systems. Whereas Internet access is now common place in trains, it still remains a challenge for vehicles, particularly when travelling through high speed motorways. Motorway vehicles equipped with wireless communication nodes form an ad hoc network have been examined by which data can be exchanged among them without the need for a pre-installed infrastructure. The main challenge with such an infrastructure-less network is developing communications and protocols that can deliver robust and reliable ad hoc communications between vehicles, when the relative speed between vehicles that can be extremely high under opposite traffic conditions. To address this opposite direction effect, a solution has been presented by minimising the effect of opposite traffic on routing packets. Firstly, a router direction index is introduced to enhance the performance of ad hoc on demand distance vector protocol in updating its routing table and secondly, a new queue priority mechanism is proposed which is based on cross-layer collaboration. Simulations were performed for an ad hoc network consisting of 200 vehicles driving with speeds between 90 and 120 km/h on a two-way motorway for different traffic loads sent through a Gateway adjacent to the motorway. The results obtained demonstrate a performance increase in the average data goodput and less routing overhead for the proposed solution     

面向自由行旅游的导游服务设计

目的针对自由行旅游中存在的文化体验不够深入、路线规划不完善等问题展开研究与分析,提出利用信息化平台提供个性化、灵活的导游服务,以满足自由行游客的旅游需求,提升用户体验质量。方法通过定性、定量方法,研究并分析在旅游过程中自由行游客对导游服务的具体需求,并将其转化为导游服务信息平台的具体功能。提出了实时导游和预约导游两种模式,梳理了导游服务从预约到相互评价整个服务过程的任务流程,建立了基于移动终端的导游服务系统信息架构,设计了人机交互界面,最后利用改进的整体评估可用性问卷对交互原型进行评估。结论基于分时租赁模式构建的导游服务信息平台能为游客提供灵活、快捷和个性化的导游预约服务,能有效提升自由行游客的导游服务体验。     

基于八角行为分析的服务设计策略研究

目的 尝试将用户行为作为服务设计研究目标,将八角行为分析法引入服务设计,为服务设计及用户研究工作提供创新思路及指导策略。方法 基于八角行为分析法、用户体验及服务设计理论,结合文献调研,构建适用于服务设计的SD-八角模型,提出基于八角行为分析的“二维五步”设计迭代策略。结果 以健身机构为例,从宏观及微观的双重视角,对静态服务系统及动态用户行为进行“二维约束”。结合以SD-八角模型为中心的“五步迭代”策略,将用户体验历程按照用户类型及体验时间展开进行分析,完成立体化、多层级的用户行为分析。结论 将游戏思维融入服务设计,辅助设计者更为精准、全面地进行用户研究,从而发现具有不同可行性的设计机会点,为服务策略提供有效的信息。     

Adaptive Cell Zooming Strategy Toward Next-Generation Cellular Networks with Joint Transmission

The Internet subscribers are expected to increase up to 69.7% (6 billion) from 45.3% and 25 billion Internet-of-things connections by 2025. Thus, the ubiquitous availability of data-hungry smart multimedia devices urges research attention to reduce the energy consumption in the fifth-generation cloud radio access network to meet the future traffic demand of high data rates. We propose a new cell zooming paradigm based on joint transmission (JT) coordinated multipoint to optimize user connection by controlling the cell coverage in the downlink communications with a hybrid power supply. The endeavoring cell zooming technique adjusts the coverage area in a given cluster based on five different JT schemes, which will help in reducing the overall power consumption with minimum inter-cell interference. We provide heuristic solutions to assess wireless network performances in terms of aggregate throughput, energy efficiency index (EEI), and energy consumption gain under a different scale of network settings. The suggested algorithm allows efficient allocation of resource block and increases energy and spectral efficiency over the conventional location-centric cell zooming mechanism. Extensive system-level simulations show that the proposed framework reduces energy consumption yielding up to 17.5% and increases EEI by 14%. Subsequently, a thorough comparison among different JT-based load shifting schemes is pledged for further validation of varying system bandwidths.     

基于设计事理学的公交系统体验设计研究

目的 针对现有的公交系统体验问题,以设计事理学为理论基础,对公交系统进行优化设计改进,提高乘客乘坐的满意度。方法 首先运用事理学的系统性思维方法对乘坐公交的“事”系统进行外部因素的分析,并从事因驱动的角度提炼乘车各阶段的设计要素,通过因子量化分析划分内部因素的设计维度,建立公交系统体验设计的目标思维模型;其次为了验证该模型的科学与合理性,应用结构方程模型分析其内部因素影响乘客满意度的作用机制,根据运算结果,确定公交系统中体验设计要素的优先级并指导设计;最后采用系统可用性量表,来评估设计方案的合理性。结论 构建了基于事理学和结构方程模型的设计流程,并将此设计流程应用于公交系统体验设计中,提高了乘客的乘车体验感,为其他体验设计研究提供参考。