非晶态Ni-P-ZrO2复合镀层的耐磨性能

采用纳米ZrO2作为复合粒子,通过电镀方法制备非晶态Ni-P-ZrO2复合镀层,研究纳米ZrO2粒子及热处理温度对复合镀层耐磨性能的影响。结果表明:纳米ZrO2粒子的存在不影响镀层基质金属的非晶态结构;镀态下Ni-P镀层的磨损受黏着磨损和犁削磨损机制共同作用,耐磨性能较差,纳米ZrO2粒子的加入,缓解了镀层的黏着磨损和犁削作用,使磨损量大幅降低;非晶态Ni-P-ZrO2复合镀层在350℃热处理温度下已转变为晶态结构,镀层具有最高的耐磨性能,其磨损方式为磨粒磨损和脆性剥离。     

不对称交流-直流电镀Fe-纳米ZrO2复合镀层工艺的研究

为提高镀铁层的硬度及耐磨性能,采用氯化物低温镀铁工艺,选择纳米ZrO2作为第二相粒子,以不对称交流-直流电源电镀法制备了Fe-纳米ZrO2复合镀层.研究了不对称交流-直流镀铁工艺对镀层的影响,考察了工艺参数对镀层中ZrO2复合量的影响以及表面活性剂对镀层性能的影响.结果表明,采用不对称交流-直流电镀方法可获得内应力小、光滑致密的复合镀层,有效降低镀层裂纹的产生;通过控制工艺参数可调节镀层中ZrO2纳米粒子的复合量;在镀液中加入阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠可降低纳米粒子的团聚,获得最佳的镀层综合性能.     

Cu/纳米ZrO_2复合电刷镀层的耐磨与耐蚀性

为了提高纯铜件表面的耐磨、耐蚀性能,又保证其导热性,以紫铜板为基材,采用电刷镀方法制备了Cu/纳米ZrO2复合镀层,对镀层的表面形貌、耐磨性及耐蚀性进行了分析,并与未添加纳米ZrO2制备的普通快速铜镀层进行比较。结果表明:纳米ZrO2颗粒的加入显著改变了快速铜镀层形貌,在镀液中纳米ZrO2颗粒含量为30g/L时,复合镀层表面平整度和致密性最佳;硬质纳米ZrO2颗粒的嵌入改变了铜基镀层的黏着磨损,表现为显微切削磨粒磨损;在3.5%NaCl溶液中,纳米ZrO2颗粒的加入,使复合镀层的腐蚀电位显著正移,经10%醋酸溶液浸泡复合镀层的腐蚀速率比普通快速铜镀层小1个数量级,耐蚀性得到了提升。     

非晶态Ni-W-WC复合镀层的制备及镀层性能研究

在非晶态Ni—W合金镀液中加入WC微粒，采用复合电沉积工艺制各非晶态Ni—W—WC复合镀层，井考察了复合镀层在碱性介质中的电催化析氢性能。结果表明，复合镀层中WC微粒的含量随镀液中WC微粒的浓度和电流密度的增加而增加；加入WC微粒后所获得的复合镀层仍然是非晶态结构；复合电板的电催化析氢性能明显优于Ni—W合金电板，性能的提高与其较高的比表面积和较低的析氢反应标准活化自由能有关。     

Ni-ZrO_2纳米复合镀层在结晶器中的应用

文章对Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层的性质进行实验室研究,Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层由金属镍以及弥散分布于其中的高硬度ZrO2纳米微粒构成,该纳米复合镀层具有高硬度、高耐磨性、良好的耐高温性能以及低内应力等特点。实验结果证明使用效果要比电镀铬镀层有了大幅度提高。     

ZrO2纳米颗粒在Ni-ZrO2复合镀层中的分散性对镀层结构及性能的影响

研究了ZrO2纳米颗粒以单分散态和团聚态在Ni-ZrO2复合镀层中存在时,对Ni-ZrO2复合镀层结构与性能的影响.采用复合电沉积方法,分别在加有和未加有分散剂的条件下,制得了Ni-ZrO2复合镀层.扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明,利用分散剂MZS可以得到ZrO2纳米颗粒在Ni基质上均匀单分散的Ni-ZrO2纳米复合镀层.而未使用分散剂的复合镀层,ZrO2纳米颗粒在镀层中发生团聚,分散性差.ZrO2纳米颗粒在Ni-ZrO2复合镀层中的分散态不同,也将影响镀层中Ni的结晶择优取向.ZrO2纳米颗粒单分散的纳米复合镀层较ZrO2纳米颗粒团聚态的复合镀层的硬度大大提高.     

纳米SiO2化学复合镀镍工艺研究

采用正交试验法,通过测试镀层孔隙率、结合强度和盐雾试验耐蚀性,筛选了Ni-P-纳米SiO2化学复合镀工艺.考察了溶液pH值和温度对镀层质量的影响,确定了纳米SiO2微粒的加入方法.结果表明,该工艺稳定性好,纳米SiO2微粒在镀液中分散均匀,在pH=4.1～4.6,温度85～90℃范围内所得Ni-P-纳米SiO2化学复合镀层结合强度达到GB/T 13913-92要求,无孔隙,镀层耐蚀性能明显提高.     

机器臂缸套表面电沉积Ni-P-xZrO2纳米复合镀层性能表征

为了提高机器臂缸套表面电沉积Ni-P复合镀层的综合性能,通过电沉积工艺使ZrO2掺入Ni-P镀层内,研究了Ni-P-xZrO2纳米复合镀层的组织结构、润湿性、硬度以及电化学腐蚀性能.结果 表明:逐渐提高电沉积液内的ZrO2含量后,位于8.94°处的ZrO2衍射峰强度不断提高.镀层进行煅烧后析出了Ni与Ni3P 2种物相成分,ZrO2已经掺杂到Ni-P镀层内.当在电沉积液内加入更高含量的ZrO2后,镀层形成了更粗糙的表面,产生了更多树枝晶,镀层表面从最初的亲水性变为疏水性.在一定范围内提高ZrO2含量后可获得硬度更高的Ni-P-ZrO2复合镀层,在ZrO2浓度为5 g/L时复合镀层的硬度最大,接近1110 kg/mm2.析出硬质相Ni3P的过程中形成了大量的晶界,从而引起大量位错堆积在晶界区域,导致发生应变硬化现象.腐蚀电流密度随着ZrO2含量的增大先降低后增加,最小值发生在ZrO2浓度为5g/L时;腐蚀电压表现出的规律与之相反.     

电刷镀纳米Ni-P-SiC复合镀层性能的研究

纳米微粒加入镀液可提高镀层的性能,用电刷镀方法制备了纳米SiC/ Ni-P复合镀层,测试了纳米SiC微粒添加量对复合镀层的硬度、耐磨性的影响,探讨了纳米SiC微粒复合镀层的强化机制及Ni-P晶化过程中的强化作用.结果表明,采用电刷镀制备工艺,能在一定程度上改善纳米微粒在镀液中的分散均匀性并能提高复合镀层性能.在Ni-P合金镀液中适量添加纳米SiC微粒(7～10 g/L),纳米SiC微粒在形成复合镀层时能起到硬质点的强化作用,同时在Ni-P晶化过程中还能在细化晶粒中起到再强化作用.不仅能使镀层硬度提高1.5～1.8倍,还能提高其耐磨性.     

Cu-Zr合金基体上的复合镀层的性能研究

利用复合电沉积的方法在Cu-Zr合金基体上沉积出含ZrO2微粒的Ni-ZrO2复合镀层,研究了镀层中的ZrO2微粒含量与镀液中ZrO2微粒含量的关系以及Ni-ZrO2合度层在高温条件下的抗高温氧化笥能和耐腐蚀性能,结果表明：Cu-Zr合金基体上镀覆的Ni-ZrO2复合镀层的抗高温气化性能和耐腐蚀性能得到了很大的提高。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.