利用多重PCR同时检测WSSV和MBV两种对虾病毒的研究

研究了检测斑节对虾(Penaeus monodon)的主要致病病原——对虾白斑综合征病毒(white spot syndrome virus,WSSV)及斑节对虾杆状病毒(monodon baculovirus,MBV)的技术。用多重PCR检测方法,设计了两对特异性引物,从不同虾池中收集斑节对虾,提取DNA模板,同时检测两种对虾病毒。研究结果表明：该方法检测灵敏度高、特异性好,可检测至每毫克组织100个病毒粒子;从对虾组织中提取的DNA模板对病毒DNA的扩增无抑制,适合于对虾中两种病毒的同时检测。     

离子液体法制备铜的纳米粒子

利用化学还原方法，加入不同量的离子液体1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑硫酸乙酯盐，制备了不同大小的金属铜的纳米摘要粒子。采用X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜对所制备的样品进行了结构表征。结果表明，两个样品中的粒子都具有五边形和六边形结构，粒径约为200～300nm，离子液体不但作为分散剂影响粒子的大小，而且有一定的防氧化作用。     

不同对虾种间共用微卫星DNA引物的研究

采用已发表的斑节对虾的30对微卫星引物,对部分微卫星引物在中国对虾、凡纳对虾、日本对虾中的通用性进行了研究。通过所建立的降温PCR(Touchdown PCR)方法对3种对虾的DNA进行PCR扩增,筛选出3对引物在3种对虾中均能产生清晰谱带。根据上述结果适当调整PCR反应体系中各试剂的量及反应条件,达到了理想的结果。利用这3对引物对3种对虾进行遗传标记分析,结果显示,PCR扩增产物条带清晰,特异性强,每对引物在3种对虾间扩增出的特异性片段大小几乎一致。研究表明,3种对虾基因组间存在一定程度的相似性,引物W15-16、W21-22和W45-46可直接应用于中国对虾、凡纳对虾、日本对虾、斑节对虾分子标记的基因组比较作图,也为图谱克隆法提供了新的思路。     

应用间接ELISA技术快速检测花鲈病原菌-鳗弧菌

以花鲈（Lateolabrax japonicus)弧菌病的病原菌－鳗弧菌（Vibrio auguillarum)W-1为抗原,制备兔抗血清;利用辣根过氧化酶标记的羊抗兔血清（HRP－IgG)为酶标二抗,建立了检测鳗弧菌的间接ELISA快速检测法。结果表明,应用间接ELISA技术检测鳗弧菌有较高的灵敏度,最低的检测量为10^5个／ml,即10^4个／孔。同时交叉反应表明其具有较高的特异性。对46份人工感染后的花鲈组织样品,包括肌肉、鳃、肠、肝、肾等组织的检测表明,阳性检测率为76．1％。     

Fe_3O_4水基磁性液体的制备及性能研究

采用化学共沉法制备磁粒子Fe_3O_4,选用表面活性剂油酸进行一次包覆,乳化剂OP(烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚)进行二次包覆制备出稳定的水基磁性液体。利用XRD和TEM分析了样品的结构、形貌及粒径;运用VSM技术研究了样品磁性能;重点考察了油酸和OP用量对水基磁性液体稳定性的影响。结果表明,所制备的Fe_3O_4粒子为球形,颗粒的粒径较均匀细小,在10nm左右;磁性液体显示超顺磁性,饱和磁化强度M_s=54.636A·m~2/kg;油酸和OP用量对磁性液体的稳定性有重要影响,当n(Fe_O_4):n(油酸):n(OP)=5:2:4时,磁性液体的稳定性能最好。     

一种基于对称结构的固体材料放气率测试装置设计北大核心CSCD

为了解决小于10-8Pa·m^(3)/s的固体材料放气率测试问题,设计出一种基于对称结构的测试装置。通过对称结构的两个相同真空室分别作为样品室和空载参考室,避免了采用一个真空室先后分别测量空载时本底放气和放置样品后放气重复过程及引入的较大测量偏差;采用耐高温特殊石英材料制成的低放气率真空室,为实现放气率比较小的固体材料测试解决了真空室本底放气的限制条件;设计出用同一台真空计通过转换气路分别测量样品室和空载室内压力的对称结构,避免了原有动态流量法采用两台真空计分别测量时由于灵敏度的差异而引入的较大偏差;装置集成了标准气体流量计用于真空计的在线校准,提高了测量结果的准确性;采用的对称结构陶瓷加热炉,对样品实现25℃~1000℃范围的加热,设计的装置对材料放气量的测量范围为5×10^(-6)Pa·m^(3)/s~5×10^(-10)Pa·m^(3)/s。     

对虾白斑杆状病毒（WSBV）定量PCR检测研究

报道了利用DNA重组技术在一段对虾白斑杆状病毒（white Spot Bacilliform Virus,,WSBV)的基因组DNA片段中缺失74bp,重组得到的内标质粒作为竞争性内标模板,并与阳标模板或病虾DNA模板共同扩增,建立了定量PCR检测方法,研究表明,定量PCR方法检测灵敏度达10病毒分子DNA／ul,样品DNA模板制备回收率约50％,并能对病虾样品中的WSBV含量进行定量分析。     

对虾白斑杆状病毒（WSBV）定量PCR检测技术研究

报道了利用DNA重组技术在一段对虾白斑杆状病毒 (WhiteSpotBacilliformVirus ,,WSBV)的基因组DNA片段中缺失 74bp ,重组得到的内标质粒作为竞争性内标模板 ,并与阳标模板或病虾DNA模板共同扩增 ,建立了定量PCR检测方法。研究表明 ,定量PCR方法检测灵敏度达 10病毒分子DNA/ μl,样品DNA模板制备回收率约 50 % ,并能对病虾样品中的WSBV含量进行定量分析     

1.7MeV电子束在VO2热致相变薄膜中引起的结构和光电性能的变化

利用能量为1.7MeV,注量分别为10^13-10^15/cm^2的电子辐照VO2薄膜,采用XPS,XRD等测试手段对电子辐射前后的样品进行分析,并采用光透射性能和电光性能测试研究了电子辐照对样品相变过程中光电性能的影响,结果表明电子辐照在VO2薄膜中出现变价效应,产生新的X射线衍射峰,带来薄膜化学成分的变化,电子辐照在样品中产生的这些变化对VO2的热致相变特性有明显影响。     

Fe3O4/SiO2/PS的制备及对有机染料分子的吸附性能

采用乳液聚合法在Fe_3O_4@SiO_2纳米粒子表面引发苯乙烯单体聚合,制备了聚苯乙烯修饰的Fe_3O_4@SiO_2磁性复合微球(Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@PS),研究了其对甲基橙(MO)和亚甲基蓝(MB)的吸附性能。用透射电镜和扫描电镜对所制得样品进行了形貌表征。结果表明,复合材料中的Fe_3O_4粒径分布在150～220 nm范围内,粒径分布较均匀、分散性良好;用振动样品磁强计对样品的磁性能进行表征,Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@PS复合粒子具有超顺磁性和较好的磁响应性;采用X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、热重分析仪分析了复合粒子的结构和组成,用紫外-可见分光光度计测定有机染料分子的浓度,从而计算吸附量。Fe_3O_4@SiO_2@PS复合粒子对甲基橙和亚甲基蓝具有良好的吸附性能,在2 h达到吸附平衡,MO和MB单位平衡吸附量分别为94.5 mg/g、167.8 mg/g;该磁性吸附剂吸附染料分子后,可以用乙醇进行解吸附,在保持原始最大吸附量的81%下,可重复使用4次。     

Homogeneous enzyme-linked binding assay for studying the interaction of lectins with carbohydrates and glycoproteins

A simple and rapid homogeneous enzyme-linked binding assay method for studying lectin-carbohydrate interactions is described. The method is based on the homogeneous inhibition of appropriate enzyme-saccharide conjugates by specific carbohydrate-binding lectins. In the presence of carbohydrate structures recognized by the lectins, enzyme activity is regained in an amount of proportional to the concentration of carbohydrate. The new method can be used to rapidly assess the relative carbohydrate specificity of the various lectins and for the selective analytical detection of simple saccharides and complex glycoproteins. Indeed, when Jacalin lectin is used in conjunction with a malate dehydrogenase-galactose conjugate, selective measurement of human IgA (immunoglobulin A) at microgram per milliliter levels in less than 10 min is possible. The potential for using this analytical methodology for determining changes in the carbohydrate structure of intact recombinant glycoproteins is also discussed.     

Micrometeorite impact simulation at EMI — a review

Activities at EMI in the field of hypervelocity impact techniques are reported. Optimization experiments have been carried out with a light gas gun in order to achieve projectile velocities up to 10 km/s. Different methods for measuring the projectile velocities have been developed and adapted according to respective velocity and mass ranges of projectiles. Experimental efforts have been undertaken to accelerate also microgram particles in light gas guns. Masses as small as 37 μg can be accelerated as individual particles. As examples, several contributions to recent space projects are described.     

A mathematical model for the density-augmented spreading of a particle-laden discharge in a turbulent shallow-water flow

A two-dimensional horizontal dispersion equation is derived for the many ways that buoyancy modifies the spreading of a mono-disperse discharge of particles in a shallow-water flow. The particle-induced lateral density gradient gives rise to a secondary transverse flow which tends to carry particles outwards. Stratification with the consequent reduced mixing, changes the local vertical profile of the original flow and gives rise to a Burgers nonlinearity (slowing down of sinking particles or a speeding up of buoyant particles). Stratification also modifies the non-local horizontal distribution of the current, with an inflow towards particle-laden regions where the drag is reduced. A simple eddy-diffusivity turbulence model is used which permits explicit evaluation of most of the linear and nonlinear coefficients. Nonlinear effects are shown to be significant for particle volume concentrations of only 10 parts per million.     

Viral quantitative capillary electrophoresis for counting intact viruses

The quantification of a virus plays an important role in vaccine development, clinical diagnostics, and environmental contamination assays. In all these cases, it is essential to calculate the concentration or number of intact virus particles (ivp) and estimate the degree of degradation and contamination of virus samples. In this work, we propose a cost-efficient, robust method for the quantification and characterization of intact viruses based on capillary zone electrophoresis. This separation method is demonstrated on vaccinia virus (VV) with oncolytic properties. After virus sample preparation, the solution contains intact VV as well as broken viruses and residual DNA from the host cell used for preparation. Regulatory requirements limit the amount of the host cell DNA that can be present in vaccines or human therapeutics. We apply capillary electrophoresis to separate intact virus particles and the residual DNA and to measure the level of virus contamination with DNA impurities. Intercalating YOYO-1 dye is used to detect the encapsulated and free DNA by laser-induced fluorescence. After soft lysis of VV with proteinase K, all encapsulated DNA is dissolved to the free DNA. The change in peak areas and a DNA calibration curve help determine the initial concentration of intact viruses. This viral quantitative capillary electrophoresis (Viral qCE) is able to quantify the oncolytic vaccinia virus in the range of 10(6) to 10(12) ivp/mL.     

Al2O3颗粒增强纯铝基复合材料的研究

本文探讨了用粉末冶金法,采用常规的冶金加工设备和工艺,制造Al₂O₃颗粒增强纯铝基复合材料的可行性。研究了不同Al₂O₃体积含量复合材料的显微组织及力学性能。初步试验了二次热挤压变形对颗粒分布和对基体强化的影响。结果表明,Al₂O₃颗粒与纯铝粉混合,加压烧结制备的复合材料,组织致密,颗粒分布均匀,随Al₂O₃含量增加,复合材料强度、硬度及弹性模量大大提高,Al₂O₃含量小于10%时,塑性不降低。二次热挤压有助于提高颗粒分布的均匀性;并使基体显著强化。     

Quantifying Lipid Contents in Enveloped Virus Particles with Plasmonic Nanoparticles

Phosphatidylserine (PS) and monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (G_M1) are examples of two host‐derived lipids in the membrane of enveloped virus particles that are known to contribute to virus attachment, uptake, and ultimately dissemination. A quantitative characterization of their contribution to the functionality of the virus requires information about their relative concentrations in the viral membrane. Here, a gold nanoparticle (NP) binding assay for probing relative PS and G_M1 lipid concentrations in the outer leaflet of different HIV‐1 and Ebola virus‐like particles (VLPs) using sample sizes of less than 3 × 10⁶ particles is introduced. The assay evaluates both scattering intensity and resonance wavelength, and determines relative NP densities through plasmon coupling as a measure for the target lipid concentrations in the NP‐labeled VLP membrane. A correlation of the optical observables with absolute lipid contents is achieved by calibration of the plasmon coupling‐based methodology with unilamellar liposomes of known PS or G_M1 concentration. The performed studies reveal significant differences in the membrane of VLPs that assemble at different intracellular sites and pave the way to an optical quantification of lipid concentration in virus particles at physiological titers.     

过渡金属离子掺杂对TiO2纳米尺寸及其相结构的影响

利用酸催化的溶胶-凝胶法合成了一系列不同掺杂量的Fe3 /TiO2、Cr3 /TiO2纳米复合微粒.用XRD和TEM研究了Fe3 、Cr3 的掺杂对TiO2纳米粒子尺寸和相结构的影响.结果表明:掺杂离子不同,对TiO2纳米粒子尺寸和相结构的影响不同.在所研究的掺杂量范围内(x:0.0000～0.1000),TiO2纳米粒子的粒径随Cr3 掺杂量的增加呈减小的趋势,但幅度不大;而Fe3 的掺杂则会引起TiO2粒子的团聚和晶粒的长大;由XRD分析可知:在掺杂量范围内,不会发生Fe2O3、Cr2O3等相的偏析,但Fe3 的掺杂引起了TiO2在低温条件下由锐钛矿向金红石的相转变.通过UV-Vis光谱的研究发现:Fe3 、Cr3 的加入,可以使TiO2对光的吸收拓展到可见区,同时随着掺杂量的增加,对可见光的吸收强度显著增强.     

The removal of nitrate by nanoscale iron particles produced using the sodium borohydride method

This study was conducted to investigate removal of nitrate by nanoscale zero-valent iron (ZVI) particles in aqueous solution. ZVI particles was produced from wasted acid that is by-products of a pickling line at a steel work. The reaction activity of ZVI particles was evaluated through decomposition experiments of NO3-N aqueous solution. Addition of a larger amount of ZVI particles resulted in a higher decomposition rate. ZVI particles showed higher decomposition efficiencies than commercially purchased ZVI particles at all pH values. Both ZVIs showed a higher decomposition rate at a lower pH. Virtually no decomposition reaction was observed at pH of 4 or higher for purchased ZVI. The ZVI particles produced directly from wasted acid by the sodium borohydride method were not easy to handle because they were very small (10-200 nm) and were oxidized easily in the air.