消声瓦声学性能计算方法研究

首先建立均匀圆柱腔中弹性波的计算模型,然后利用该模型建立复合过渡型声腔结构消声瓦吸声性能计算的理论模型,并应用这一理论模型计算分析现有声腔结构消声瓦及几种变形的声腔结构声腔结构形式的消声瓦的吸声性能,讨论材料环境温度和材料参数变化对吸声性能的影响,最后总结消声瓦声腔结构和不同材料参数对吸声性能影响的基本规律.     

天然纤维增强复合材料吸声性能研究

采用热压成型法制备天然纤维增强复合材料层合板和蜂窝夹芯结构,利用双传声器阻抗管进行吸声性能测试,并与合成纤维增强复合材料层合板和蜂窝夹芯结构进行对比。结果表明:与合成纤维增强复合材料层合板相比,天然纤维增强复合材料层合板虽然具有更优异的吸声性能,但是仍不能满足吸声材料的要求,需通过材料设计进一步提高这种材料的吸声性能。而天然纤维增强蜂窝夹芯结构具有优异的吸声性能,吸声系数峰值高达0.4,可以被用作吸声材料。     

分层多孔材料吸声结构的性能分析

利用声波在分层介质中的传播方程,给出了由不同种吸声材料复合而成的多层吸声结构吸声系数的递推计算公式。继而以由多孔吸声材料复合而成的双层吸声结构为基础,通过数值仿真,深入分析了内外层材料的厚度、孔隙率、和微孔半径变化对吸声系数的影响。以导出的递推计算公式为基础,通过仿真实验研究了分层吸声结构的参数优化设计。结果表明：由多孔材料复合而成的分层吸声结构具有良好的吸声效果,通过合理配置各层材料结构参数,可以在较宽的频段上达到较为满意的吸声效果,从而为相应产品的开发提供了理论依据     

水下吸声材料的研究进展

概述了水下吸声机理,综述了常用的吸声材料和吸声结构以及国内外水下吸声材料的研究和应用现状。归纳出水下吸声材料的3个发展方向,即理论计算指导材料设计、提高材料低频吸声性能和增加频宽及提高材料耐水压和耐蚀性。指出具有高强度、高耐热性、高耐蚀性和良好吸声效果的金属多孔材料,特别是夹心复合吸声结构具有良好的发展前景。     

含散射粒子的复合材料低频吸声性能的研究

复合材料消声瓦一直是水声对抗研究的热点问题之一,本文从提高材料对声能的损耗出发,采用自洽理论,对含有中空散射粒子的复合材料的低频吸声性能进行了讨论.     

基材含微粒的空腔结构吸声器吸声性能预报的研究

采用一种近似方法计算含球形微粒和空腔结构吸声器的吸声系数,即首先用自洽理论,计算掺入微粒的复合材料的等效力学参数,再用求空腔结构吸声器的等效力学参数方法,计算这种复合材料具有空腔结构的该参数,最后用声波在分层吸收媒质中传播模型来计算能量吸收系数。所得数值模拟结果表明:基材掺入微粒形成的复合材料其吸声性能有不同程度的变化,性能的提高与否与基材和微粒的种类、孔隙率及粒子分布概率密度等因素有关;对于某些含微粒的复合材料若开空腔则可进一步提高吸声器的低频吸声性能。总之,基材含微粒的空腔结构吸声器的吸声系数是以不同程度的灵敏度受控于表征微粒的参数以及空腔结构。     

中隔板对片式阻性消声器的影响分析

片式阻性消声器的消声能力决定于消声片的吸声系数,消声片内的中隔板对吸声系数影响的详细分析对消声器的设计和应用具有重要意义。应用传递矩阵法并结合声波在吸声材料中的传播理论,建立了片式阻性消声器内多层消声片的吸声系数计算模型,计算了消声器内不同消声通道的吸声系数,通过对比分析不同消声通道的吸声系数,讨论了中隔板对片式阻性消声器消声能力的影响。以实际消声器为例,通过计算吸声系数和实际的插入损失测试,对比两种结果,显示两者在随频率变化的趋势上吻合良好,验证了消声片内设置中隔板对消声器消声效果在不同频段具有不同的影响,在低频和较高频率范围内,中隔板具有积极作用,而对于中频段,中隔板具有消极作用。     

消声水池声场的仿真计算

消声水池的声场计算对消声水池尺寸的确定和所敷设的吸声材料参数的选择十分重要。利用虚源方法建立了消声水池声场计算的声场模型,该模型考虑了二次反射、吸声系数随入射角变化、有指向性声源等多种情况。利用声场模型对水池的声场进行了计算,分别考虑了点声源、吸声系数随入射角变化、二次反射和指向性声源等情况。通过对不同条件下消声水池声场的计算仿真,分析了不同因素对水池自由场的影响,得到了具有一定应用价值的结论。     

聚合物岩棉发泡复合材料吸声性能的研究

以聚氯乙烯、乙丙橡胶和岩棉为主要原料制成了一种新型泡沫吸声材料 ,它具有成本低、强度大、阻燃防潮和中低频吸声性能优异的优点。讨论了容重、厚度及表面处理对该材料吸声性能的影响 ,并且把它的吸声性能与聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料的吸声性能作了比较。结果表明 ,容重、厚度及表面处理等对聚合物 岩棉发泡复合材料吸声性能有极大的影响 ,这种泡沫吸声材料的吸声性能比聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料的要好得多     

水下吸声夹芯复合材料的声学性能

基于水下目标消声覆盖层的承载和隐身一体化需求,通过分析水下消声材料吸声机理,设计了一种水下吸声夹芯复合材料。合理选择材料组分制备了芯材声学试样,测量了声速、复模量、损耗因子等声学参数;采用脉冲声管试验声学性能与理论计算结果一致;33mm厚聚氨酯改性环氧基微珠(PUEPM)配方试样声学性能要优于环氧基微珠吸声体(EPM),5KHz以上频段吸声系数达到0.7;样机消声水池试验表明,水背衬时夹芯吸声结构样机平均吸声系数大于0.5。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度

本文根据多年的实践检定经验 ,参照JJF1 0 59- 1 999《测量不确定度评定与表示》以及《测量不确定度表达 1 0讲》 ,对卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度进行了评定。     

盐酸浓度不确定度的评估

通过对盐酸浓度标定的过程分析，找出影响结果的各个分量，进行不确定度的评定，按照计量技术规范给出标准的表示法。     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.