混沌激励下振动系统的非线性参数识别

本文对基于时-频相结合的非线性振动系统的参数识别问题进行了研究。首先建立含非线性参数单自由度振动系统的力学模型,将已知非线性系统产生的混沌响应作为该系统的激励, 假定其响应有若干不稳定的周期轨道组成,从混沌响应的状态空间中提取出近似周期轨道, 采用谐波平衡法识别出系统的参数,然后对识别出的参数进行误差分析。最后通过数值模拟,验证了混沌信号作为激励源对非线性系统进行参数识别的可行性。     

基于振动测试的非线性参数识别方法

研究了利用特殊的正弦扫频技术识别非线性参数的方法。该方法利用目前线性系统成熟的模态分析技术,并结合等效线性化理论,通过振动测试识别结构的非线性参数,可以建立一个更加准确的模型来反映非线性结构的动力学特性,从而提高模型的预测精度。该方法包括两部分：（1）常位移测试识别非线性刚度;（2）常速度测试识别非线性阻尼。常位移测试是在一次正弦扫频过程中,通过调整各频率下的激励力幅值使得位移响应的幅值为常数,获得一组频响函数,通过模态分析获得等效刚度;改变位移响应的幅值进行多次测试,获得多组等效刚度;对获得的一系列恒定位移响应下的等效刚度进行曲线拟合,即可获得所有线性和非线性刚度参数。常速度测试与其类似。以三自由度非线性系统为例,进行了常位移测试和     

有限观测绝对加速度响应下剪切框架在未知地震作用下损伤诊断

针对框架结构的绝对加速度响应部分观测、地震作用未观测的情况,提出一种多层剪切框架结构诊断的方法。该方法先依次采用扩展卡尔曼估计和递推最小二乘对一层以上结构的扩展状态向量和未知作用力进行递推;然后利用结构频率特征方程,对第一层的结构参数进行估计;最后基于数值求解一阶微分方程,识别未观测的地震荷载。算例表明, 该方法能够很好识别出结构参数和地震输入,通过跟踪结构刚度参数的退化,对未知地震作用下结构损伤进行诊断。     

基于分数阶微分的金属橡胶迟滞非线性动力学模型

金属橡胶元件的应力应变关系为非线性滞回曲线,现有的金属橡胶动力学模型大多采用多参数、分段函数进行描述,增加了系统的复杂性。通过分析金属橡胶的弹性恢复力和阻尼力的组成,利用分数阶微分能够描述各种材料及过程记忆性的特点,提出一种含有分数阶微分的金属橡胶黏弹性本构模型,在此模型基础上建立了金属橡胶非线性动力学系统模型;通过正弦位移加载实验获取了典型金属橡胶隔振系统在多种激励幅值、频率作用下的恢复力;采用遗传算法对实验数据进行曲线拟合,识别出模型中所有参数;通过分析推导出系统模型中各参数与振幅及频率的函数关系。结果表明,所提出的含分数阶微分项的金属橡胶非线性动力学系统模型,具有连续的数学表达式,能够较准确地反映金属橡胶非线性系统的完整动力学性能,而且与现有金属橡胶动力学系统模型相比,参数较少,结构简单,为金属橡胶动力学系统的研究提供了新的思路。     

基于特征值分解的随机子空间算法研究

针对基于数据驱动的随机子空间法计算效率低下的问题,提出一种基于特征值分解的随机子空间算法,该方法通过对ＣＨ矩阵的特征值分解得到扩展可观测矩阵Ｔｍｉ,进而识别出系统模态参数。相比于传统算法,该算法免去了对Ｈａｎｋｌ矩阵的ＱＲ分解及投影矩阵的ＳＶＤ运算,从而大大节省了内存和计算时间。通过一个７自由度的数值仿真和重庆朝天门大桥模型的实例分析证明该方法在保持计算精度的情况下大幅度地提升了计算效率。     

磁流变阻尼器参数辨识方法研究

应用修正的Dahl模型,通过能量积分分批识别出不同电流下的参数,确定参数与电流的关系。提出的参数辨识方法,将含有滞迟环节的非线性参数识别转化为线性识别问题,达到了较高的识别精度。     

考虑质量变化的空间拱结构小损伤识别方法研究

该研究针对空间拱结构损伤识别精度问题,提出了一种空间拱结构小损伤的动态识别方法。该方法在识别过程中考虑损伤区的质量变化的因素来提高了结构损伤识别的精度。在建立的空间拱结构损伤模型中,应用频率和振型的质量因子变化来表示损伤区质量的变化。应用Wittrick-Williams算法对损伤参数进行计算,根据计算结果来判定结构的损伤位置和程度。为了实现应用最少的测量模态和结构振动特性数据对结构损伤精确识别,建立了一个应用遗传算法的优化计算程序对损伤参数优化计算。在该优化程序中,应用初始的随机染色体群代表沿空间拱不同的损伤分布状况。通过对单一损伤、多个损伤区域和不同边界条件下空间拱进行损伤识别案例对所述方法进行验证,并分析解决了对称结构损伤定位唯一性的问题。结果表明,所提出的识别方法对空间拱结构的损伤具有较好的识别效果,所建立的损伤识别程序具有较高的识别精度。     

基于模型修正的钢管焊接结构焊缝损伤识别

摘要：本文提出了一种基于模型修正的钢管焊接结构焊缝损伤识别方法。利用从发射台骨架试验模型获取的模态参数,选择识别结果中精度较好的模态频率作为模型修正的基准频率。通过对待修正参数的灵敏度分析,运用ANSYS和MATLAB软件对有限元模型进行了修正。以实测模态和计算模态之间的误差建立一个带约束边界非线性最小二乘目标函数,将损伤识别问题转化为优化问题,并采用信赖域方法求解该优化问题。以有限元模型焊接结点单元组弹性模量的降低模拟焊缝损伤,并假定了两种损伤工况,通过对发射台骨架模型的数值仿真及试验研究,结果表明本文提出的损伤识别方法识别效果较为理想,为解决这种复杂焊接结构焊缝损伤识别问题提供了新的思路。     

经验非线性涡激力模型参数识别

本文的主要内容是利用涡激共振竖向位移响应,基于广义谐波函数KBM法并引入缓变参数的概念,对Scanlan经验非线性模型进行处理,识别其中的气动参数,并得到Scanlan非线性涡激力。对识别得到的Scanlan非线性涡激力,分别通过：用Newmark&;#61538;反求响应与实测响应进行比较;与从天平同步测得的合力中提取出实测的涡激力进行比较,对识别精度做出评价。试验是在同济大学TJ-1号风洞均匀流场中进行的,以象山港大桥初始设计阶段节段模型为例,用激光位移计采集模型的位移响应,并用一维梁式应变测力天平同步采集模型所受的力。     

基于环境激励的大跨度斜拉桥模态参数和索力识别

摘要：模态参数和索力是评估斜拉桥健康状态的关键参数。建立了崖门大桥的有限元模型并对其进行了基于环境激励的模态测试和拉索振动测试;提出了基于ERA的多参考点稳定图算法,设置不同的参考点,利用自然激励技术结合特征系统实现算法(NExT-ERA)识别模态参数,通过阻尼比、基于输出矩阵的一致模态指标(CMI_O)和模态置信度(MAC)作为判别标准,识别出崖门大桥的竖向和横向模态参数,通过和增强频域分解法(EFDD)识别结果的比较,可知该算法具有良好的识别效果;分析了斜拉索与主梁的共振频率范围,通过二次拟合识别较长拉索的低阶频率,根据两种不同方法的索力识别结果可知,该桥的索力分布比较均匀对称。     

Three-dimensional exact analysis of angle-ply laminates in cylindrical bending with interfacial damage via state-space method

A simply supported angle-ply laminate with interfacial damage in cylindrical bending is investigated directly based on the three-dimensional theory of elasticity. The state-space method that has particular superiority in laminated structural analyses is employed. The general spring-layer model is adopted to describe the interfaces with damage. A special but direct treatment of the conditions at interfaces is conducted that a so-called interfacial transfer matrix is introduced in the state-space formulations to accomplish the analysis. Numerical investigation on bending and free vibration problems is finally performed to show the effectiveness of the present method.     

Validation of the state-space model of fatigue crack growth in ductile alloys under variable-amplitude load via comparison of the crack-opening stress data

A state-space model of fatigue crack growth in ductile alloys under variable-amplitude load was presented by Patankar and Ray (Patankar et al. (1998). International Journal of Fracture, 90, 235--249; Patankar and Ray (2000). Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 66, 136--151). This paper presents improvements to the state-space model, through enhancements in the calculations of the constraint factor. These improvements are similar to the calculation procedure of the constraint factor in FASTRAN-II model, which has been extensively validated (Newman (1981). Methods and Models for Predicting Fatigue Crack Growth under Random Loading, ASTM STP 784, 53--84; Newman (1982). Design of Fatigue and Fracture Resistant Structures, ASTM STP 761, 255--277; Newman (1984). International Journal of Fracture, 24, R131--R135; Newman (1992). NASA Technical Memorandum}, 104159). The model predictions are compared to various crack growth data as well as FASTRAN-II predictions. Heather to, the state-space model has only been validated through the crack-length data but this paper presents the validation of the state-space model via comparison of the experimental crack-opening stress and crack-length data, thus involving both the states of the state-space model in experimental validation of the model. The experimental data are also compared to the crack-opening stress in FASTRAN-II predictions. Simulation results validate the modeling method of treating the crack-opening stress as a state variable or internal variable. The state-space model considerably reduces the computational complexity of the fatigue crack growth model under variable-amplitude load.     

基于EM算法和模态形式的状态空间模型自降阶工作模态分析

工作模态分析具有试验简单、经济可行等优点,在工程实际中有广泛的应用。在基于状态空间模型的模态分析中,模型阶次的确定是获得准确和稳定的模态参数的关键问题之一。该文结合期望最大(EM)算法和模态形式状态空间模型来实现模型自降阶和模态参数估计。将状态空间模型变换到模态形式,使待估计参数量得到精简的同时,可直接估计各阶模态响应。引入表征各阶模态响应在实际响应中占比的模态贡献作为模型降阶的指标,在EM求解模型极大似然估计时实现模型降阶。同时结合频谱图分析和阻尼比阈值剔除虚假模态,以获得实际的结构模态信息。通过数值结构模拟和现场结构实测的数据分析,结果表明该文方法具有较好的适用性和有效性。     

Precise trajectory tracking of a piezoactuator-driven stage using an adaptive backstepping control scheme

In this paper, an adaptive backstepping control scheme is proposed for precise trajectory tracking of a piezoactuator-driven stage. Differential equations consisting of dynamics of a linear motion system and a hysteresis function are investigated first for describing the dynamics of motion of the piezoactuator-driven stage with hysteresis behavior. Then, to identify the uncertain parameters designed in the differential equations, the Powell method of a numerical optimization technique is used. From the differential equations identified, an equivalent state-space model is developed, then a linear state-space model through a state transformation is established. In the linear state-space model, the hysteresis function is approximated by the first three terms of a Taylor series expansion. Based on the linear state-space model, we developed an adaptive backstepping control for the trajectory tracking. By using the proposed control approach to trajectory tracking of the piezoactuator-driven stage, improvements in the tracking performance, steady-state error, and robustness to disturbance can be obtained. To validate the proposed control scheme, a computer-controlled, single-axis piezoactuator-driven stage with a laser displacement interferometer was set up. Experimental results illustrate the feasibility of the proposed control for practical applications in trajectory tracking.     

具有参数摄动的复杂柔性耦合隔振系统建模

针对目前复杂柔性隔振系统的数学模型与实际隔振系统之间存在的差异，将阻抗/导纳方法和矩阵传递法相结合，建立包括被隔离设备、多个电磁式主被动一体隔振器和柔性基础在内的复杂柔性耦合系统的状态空间模型。将相对于名义模型中隔振系统参数的变化量以虚拟回路增益的方式引入模型，建立具有参数摄动的隔振系统数学模型。在此基础上，通过矩阵变换的形式，推导出反映模态频率不确定的参数摄动的隔振系统模型，直观反映系统模态阻尼和模态频率的变化，为下一步复杂柔性耦合隔振系统的鲁棒控制器的设计提供依据。     

A control chart based approach to monitoring supply network dynamics using Kalman filtering

In today's global market, a critical issue for companies to survive the increasing competition is how to handle uncertainty in their supply network. In this paper, we explore the application of Kalman filtering to estimate the dynamic states in a supply network. Two state-space models are developed. The first one focuses on processing each individual order which includes both waiting time and value-added processing time. Considering the correlation of consecutive orders, the second one enhances the state-space model by employing autoregressive model of waiting time. To signal potential abnormal events, the estimates from the models are further used in control charts with control limits being updated at each monitoring stage according to the related estimation error. A supply network case example is studied and we conclude in the benchmark model (without using Kalman filtering) and the first state-space model, the data collected from the bottleneck stage turns out to be most valuable for increased accuracy in detecting tardy orders. The second state-space model consistently outperforms both the benchmark model and the first state-space model for robustly early detection of abnormalities at all stages, especially the stages before the bottleneck stage, of the system.     

Analytical solutions of heterogeneous rectangular plates with transverse small periodicity

We consider the cylindrical bending of a simply-supported orthotropic rectangular plate, which is small-periodically heterogeneous in the thickness direction. A homogenized plate model is first established by using the two-scale asymptotic expansion method. The state-space method is then adopted to analyze the homogenized plate exactly. Analytical expressions for two sets of approximate stresses, i.e. the homogenized model stresses and the zeroth-order two-scale model stresses, are presented. To check the accuracy of the approximate stresses, the state-space method is also applied to the original laminate plate or the approximate laminate model of the original heterogeneous plate with continuously varying material properties to obtain an analytical solution. In the latter case, the analytical solution is approximate but approaches the exact solution gradually when the number of layers increases. In order to avoid numerical instability, the joint coupling matrix is utilized. Numerical results illustrate that the two-scale model can predict accurately the realistic stress field in the original plate if it contains enough repeated units along the thickness.     

基于状态空间的空调用表面式换热器动态建模

在合理简化复杂物理模型的基础上,建立了表面式换热器的动态换热状态空间模型,推导出了表面式换热器出口参数与各进口参数间的动态关系式;动态模拟仿真得到出口参数随各进口参数扰动而发生的变化;并基于实验对空气和水的传热系数以及传质系数进行了修正。通过实验进行了验证,新建模型能较好的反映表面式换热器出口参数对各扰量的动态响应特性,可以满足系统分析需求,为设计出优良的控制系统,保证空调系统稳定运行奠定理论基础。     

基于动态规划的动载荷时域识别方法研究

提出一种基于动态规划方程的动态载荷时域方法。首先从系统的状态空间方程出发,利用最小二乘法建立系统响应的实际测量值与识别值之间的目标函数。将Bellman最优化原理运用到目标函数的最小化当中,推导出动态优化载荷识别公式。通过一个多自由度数值算例对本方法进行验证,表明方法对含有噪声的动态载荷识别问题适应性强,具有较高的识别精度。     

Specially orthotropic panel flutter control using PID controller

Controlling the flutter speed of a specially orthotropic plate of rectangular cross-section through which an inviscid compressible fluid flows is considered. A state-space model of the coupled aeroelastic system helps us to determine flutter boundaries and provides a method for applying modern control theory to the problem. So in the present study, flow is modelled by piston theory and the coupled state-space model of panel motion and flow is solved. After that, the coupled system is controlled with Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller. This makes it possible to compute the flutter dynamic pressure and so the flutter velocity at which unstable plate oscillations occur as a function of the gain coefficient. It is found that by changing the gain coefficient the flutter of the plate can indeed be pushed to higher velocities.