微波湿法制备BaTiO3纳米粉体

以BaCl2、TiCl4为原料,以(NH4)2C2O4·H2O为沉淀剂,利用微波辐照制备了高纯四方相钛酸钡纳米粉体.应用正交实验研究了前驱体合成及分解时微波辐照时间、温度对钛酸钡粉体的粒度的影响,应用XRD、TEM等对粉体的结构、形貌进行了分析.研究表明,利用微波辐照50 min就可以获得晶粒尺寸在30nm以下的四方相钛酸钡粉体,随微波辐照时间的增加,钛酸钡的纯度与结晶度提高,粒度增大.     

硫酸盐共沉淀法制备YAG粉体及透明陶瓷

以自制Y2(SO4)3和NH4Al(SO4)2·12H2O混合溶液为母盐,碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂,采用共沉淀法制备了以YAG相为主要成分的混合粉体.研究表明,先驱体化学成分为[NH4AlO(OH)HCO3]·0.3[Y2(CO3)3·2H2O].先驱体经1200℃、2h煅烧,pH=7.2时产物以YAG相为混合粉体的主要成分,pH=8.5时Y2O3为主要成分.在较低温度下(低于1500℃),以硫酸盐为母盐制备的YAG混合粉体烧结性低于同样条件下硝酸盐为母盐合成的粉体烧结性.1100℃煅烧2h后合成的YAG混合粉体(pH=7.2),经1700℃真空烧结5h,获得了完全透明的YAG陶瓷,可见光区的最大透光率约为60%.     

常压液相法制备纳米钛酸钡粉体

以TiCl4、BaCl2·2H2O和NaOH为主要原料，采用常压液相法制备了BaTiO3纳米晶。研究了物料配比、反应物浓度、反应时间等条件对产物组成、产率和粒径大小的影响。采用XRD、TEM等分析手段对样品物相、形貌进行了分析，结果表明，所得BaTiO3粉体的形貌为球形，属立方晶系，钙钛矿结构。其平均颗粒尺寸约为60nm，颗粒尺寸分布均匀，实验证实，当反应温度为70℃、反应时间2h和NaOH：TiCl4=10：1时，所得样品最佳。     

TiO_2/AC复合光催化剂制备及性能研究

以TiCl4乙醇溶液为前驱物、煤质活性炭为载体,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备活性炭(AC)/TiO2复合光催化剂。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)和BET比表面积孔径测定仪等对制备的样品进行表征。以光催化降解甲基橙溶液为模型反应,表征其光催化活性,考察了TiCl4/乙醇体积比、煅烧温度和煅烧时间等制备条件对光催化活性的影响。结果表明:在TiCl4/乙醇体积比为1∶20,500℃煅烧2h时,光催化降解甲基橙的活性最高,降解率达到95%;TiCl4/乙醇体积比和煅烧温度对光催化活性影响较大,煅烧时间对光催化活性影响甚小。含少量金红石相的TiO2有利于光催化降解甲基橙。     

溶剂热合成纳米钛酸钡及其表征

为满足钛酸钡纳米陶瓷的需求,本文用TiCl4和Ba(OH)2作前驱体,乙醇和乙二醇甲醚作混合溶剂,溶剂热合成了钛酸钡纳米粉体,并使用TEM、XRD和Raman光谱对产物进行了表征.结果表明,在本文条件下可以得到粒径为10~80 nm纳米粉体,通过控制反应条件可以达到控制颗粒尺寸的目的,反应时间和反应温度对颗粒尺寸有显著的影响.     

由低品位菱镁矿制备碳酸钙和三水合碳酸镁

以低品位菱镁矿为原料,经煅烧、氯化铵溶液浸出、镁的沉淀反应制备MgCO3.3H2O和Ca-CO3。采用质量分数为1%的MgCl2.6H2O作为添加剂,与低品位菱镁矿在650℃混合煅烧2h,煅烧产物为CaCO3和MgO。通过实验确定了由煅烧产物浸出镁的最佳工艺条件为：反应温度为80℃,反应时间为60min,NH4Cl过量30%,液固比为8,采用二次浸出的方法,此时镁溶出率为92%,浸出残渣的主要成分为CaCO3。用含MgCl2滤液与（NH4）2CO3反应制备MgCO3.3H2O,当反应温度为37℃,（NH4）2CO3过量50%,陈化时间为2h时,得到直径1～3μm、长15～20μm的棒状MgCO3.3H2O,纯度为96.5%。     

熔盐法由BaO_2·H_2O_2合成BaTiO_3纳米粒子及其表征

将BaCl2.2H2O和H2O2溶液在NH3.H2O中反应制备出前驱体BaO2.H2O2,再用H2TiO3和前驱体BaO2.H2O2作反应物、KNO3和KOH作溶剂,用熔盐法合成了钛酸钡纳米粒子,用XRD、SEM、TEM、EDS和FT-IR对产品的结构、形貌和成份进行了表征。结果表明,在500～600℃煅烧24h可获得粒径约为25～50nm的立方相钛酸钡纳米粒子,粒子大小分布均匀,形状近似为球形。随着反应温度升高,BaTiO3纳米粒子的晶胞参数减少、粒径增大。另外,还讨论了BaTiO3纳米粒子的形成机理。     

微波法制备纳米钛酸钡粉体及其表征

为了探寻价廉、高效合成纳米钛酸钡粉体的方法,以TiCl4和BaCl2为主要原料,采用微波法一步合成纳米钛酸钡粉体,采用X射线衍射谱、扫描电镜、漫反射吸收谱、介电损耗谱和热重-差热分析对钛酸钡粉体进行表征。结果表明,合成的钛酸钡粉体为纯的立方相纳米粉体,颗粒大小均匀,分散性好,晶粒度约为90 nm;纳米钛酸钡粉体的禁带宽度为3.4 eV,具有良好的介电性能;纳米钛酸钡粉体中立方相BaTiO3在1 000℃煅烧后才有部分转化成四方相BaTiO3,表现出良好的热稳定性。     

纳米二氧化钛的制备、表征及机理

用TiCl4水解法,以Na2CO3溶液为中和剂,通过相转移反应制备出纳米TiO2颗粒,此制备方法未见报道。制备产物经透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X-射线衍射仪(XRD)表征分析。实验证明,在Na2CO3溶液55℃条件下,将TiCl4从正辛醇溶液相中转移到水相,与水发生反应制得了纳米TiO2的前驱体Ti(OH)4。经过70℃真空干燥6h,在400℃下煅烧3h后,得到了分布均匀,少团聚的纳米TiO2颗粒。结合实验现象讨论了TiO2制备机理,包括TiCl4水解法反应机理、相转移反应机理和液相中生成固相微粒机理,说明了升高体系温度、以Na2CO3水溶液中和H+,使得反应液pH值在碱性条件下,有利于水解反应向正向移动。采用相转移反应方法和在液相中生成固相微粒过程中通过产物控制浓度,可以获得分布均匀,少团聚的纳米TiO2颗粒。     

MnSO4直接氧化水解制备Mn3O4纳米颗粒的研究

研究了一种制备Mn3O4的方法,以廉价的硫酸锰为原料,通过控制反应条件制得了高纯度的纳米级Mn3O4.实验结果表明,反应的最佳条件为:加适量乙醇作为分散剂;控制氨水滴加速度使反应时间在2h以上;前驱物在200℃煅烧2h.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对产物进行了表征,产物纯度为100%,粒径约为20nm.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Investigation of the Corrosion Behaviors of HVOF-Sprayed Carbide Cernet Coatings in Molten Al-Zn-Si Alloy Bath

In continuous hot-dip galvanization process the corrosion and chemical stability of the sink roll in the galvanizing bath are important problem which effects on the quality and productivity. In order to protect the sink roll the carbide cermet and/or ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of the sink roll. The WC-, Cr3 C2-cermet coatings were deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spray, respectively. The coating samples were immersed in molten Zn-alloy containing 50 wt % aluminum at 833 K for 24 hr and 144 hr, respectively. The inter-diffusion and inter-reaction of Zn, Al and elements in coating and corrosion behaviors of these coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EPMA etc. The corrosion mechanisms of the carbide cermet coatings and ceramic coatings in molten High Al-Zn-alloy were approached.     

Fundamental study of adhesion of ice to cooling solid surface (Discussion on influence of copper oxide layer on ice adhesion force)

In many situations, ice often adheres to a cooling solid surface, frequently causing serious accidents. It is critical to clarify the mechanism of ice adhesion to the cooling surface in order to prevent ice adhesion. In a past study, the shearing stresses of two kinds of test plates with a copper surface having the higher thermal conductivity were measured. The shearing stress corresponds to ice adhesion force. Both shearing stresses were significantly different; however, the cause remains unclear.Therefore, the present study focuses on an oxide layer as the main factor causing the difference of both shearing stresses; the influence of the oxide layer formed on shearing stress was discussed. And in the removal and reformation processes of the oxide layer, the time variation of the shearing stress was clarified. Moreover, the relationship between the state of the copper surface and the shearing stress was also clarified by surface analysis.     

重塑标准推行格局 推动LED照明的普及（英文）

正When you are enjoying the green,energy-saving and healthy lighting of IKEA LED luminaire,you may not realize that most of IKEA’s LED bulbs are produced by the LED luminaire smart manufacturing system of Hangzhou Zhongwei Photoelectricity CO.,LTD(ZVISION).No longer enclosed in the laboratory,the product standards are brought into the factory workshop and even to the entire production process.Thus,the standards are promoted and applied in a favorable way by enterprises,benefitting consumers with high quality products.     

Chinese Experts Contribute to ISO＇s New Toy Standards

正The international standard,ISO 8124-6,Safety of toys–Part 6:Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products,was officially issued by ISO worldwide on August 15.It was the first time for Chinese experts to lead the ISO standard development in toys industry.The standard was drafted by a group of Chinese experts from SAC/TC for toys and relevant Chinese departments and finally completed by a dedicated international group of experts.ISO 8124-6 makes a substantive breakthrough in the aspects of the scope of toys,limitation of plasticizer types,control of test cost,accuracy of test,operation convenience,etc.,offering the operational guidance for toy manufactures and testing laboratories.     

中国质量(北京)大会(英文)

正Themed on"quality,innovation,development",the first China Quality Conference(Beijing)was held in the Great Hall of the People on September 15.Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivered an important speech at the conference.State Councilor Yang Jing and Wang Yong attended the conference with over 600 domestic and international representatives from foreign,regional and international quality organizations     

National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization

正The National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization was held in Beijing on July 15,2014.Wang Min,the Deputy-Minister of the Ministry of Land and Resources,and Yin Minghan,the Chief-Engineer of SAC addressed the meeting.Representatives from relevant competent departments and technical committees were present.The meeting aims to summarize work,discuss existing problems and make clear working thoughts,promoting standardization work of land and resources to a new level.Wang Min pointed out that the standardization work of land and resources should be centered on the basic principles of"protecting land and resources dutifully,intensively and economically utilizing land and resources,and making all-out efforts to safeguard the public’s rights and interests",highlighted the