梯形截面涡旋压缩机的型线设计及泄漏特性

电动汽车整车热管理系统需要搭载大排量的涡旋压缩机以适应多工况高负载的设计需求。本文提出一种大排量涡旋压缩机的型线设计方法,通过经实验校正的仿真模型研究了梯形截面涡旋压缩机的几何特性及泄漏特性。计算结果表明：梯形截面涡旋压缩机在保证齿根强度校核的前提下,平均壁厚降低29.9%,排量提升19.5%。研究型线设计参数对泄漏特性的影响,发现梯形截面涡旋压缩机的内泄漏率与等壁厚涡旋压缩机相差不足2%,具有良好的应用前景。     

Scroll profiles in scroll compressors: General criteria and error sensitivity

General criteria for scroll profiles that include the evolute, orbiting movement, differential, and integrative conditions are proposed. The profile error sensitivity is defined based on the composite meshing error and meshing clearances of the scroll profiles. A case study on regular polygon involutes as scroll profiles indicates that the general criteria are satisfied when the edge number of the two involutes of a regular polygon is equal to the common multiple of the doubled number of scroll wraps on one scroll. The profile error sensitivity of the involutes of a base circle is shown to be controlled by the radial machining error, which is extremely low. The involute of a base circle is the ideal profile for a scroll compressor because it contains low error sensitivity and more stable dynamic characteristics.     

对称圆弧加直线修正型线涡旋压缩机脱啮角与排气角研究

在采用对称圆弧加直线修正型线涡旋压缩机设计计算中,形成中心压缩腔时的转角与压缩机排气时主轴的转角完全不同.针对这两种情形下的主轴转角,由于没有完整而清晰的阐述,导致计算涡旋压缩机各压缩腔容积时容易产生较大误差.对此,通过研究采用对称圆弧加直线修正涡旋压缩机涡盘始端型线的几何特性,定义了脱啮角与实际排气角,阐明了二者之间相互区别,详细推导了脱啮角计算公式并分析了影响脱啮角的因素,且根据涡盘始端壁厚增加造成修正后中心压缩腔容积减少的本质特点,提供了修正后涡盘始端壁厚增加容积和实际排气角的计算方法.通过运算实例验证了脱啮角与实际排气角相差很大的结论,指出实际排气角将影响排气孔的设计.     

A new analytical and dynamical model of a scroll compressor with experimental validation

This paper deals with the scroll compressor, which is a machine used for compressing air or refrigerant. By using a novel reference frame, it proposes an original way of describing the geometry of the scroll wraps (represented as circle involutes) in which the symmetries are exploited in order to establish a thermodynamic model of the scroll compressor. This approach allows the chamber volumes to be analytically described without any special assumption and takes into account the discharge as a non-symmetrical process.The proposed geometric model is aimed to be coupled with the thermodynamic model by using the standardized VHDL-AMS language and should be then considered as preliminary to the scroll overall simulation and design of a functional virtual prototype.Simulations and experiments have shown good agreement.     

驱动轴承内嵌式涡旋压缩机特性分析

对驱动轴承内嵌于动涡旋齿中的涡旋式压缩机的几何特性进行了研究分析，引入了涡旋型线始端展角和终端展角，使吸气容积、吸气角、排气容积、排气角、内容积比等几何参数计算式的应用更为方便，它不仅适用于涡旋型线为整数圈的情况，而且也适用于涡旋型线为非整数圈的情况。将动涡旋的驱动轴承安置于涡旋齿中，可以在结构设计上达到减少气体力和动涡旋离心惯性力对动涡旋产生的倾覆力矩的目的，从而改善了驱动轴承的受力状况。延长了使用寿命。     

涡旋压缩机涡旋型线的研究现状及展望

涡旋压缩机作为第三代容积式压缩机,具有效率高、能耗低、噪声低、结构紧凑等诸多优点,被广泛应用于制冷空调与气体压缩等方面。由于涡旋压缩机的寿命、加工性能、效率和功耗等都受到涡旋型线的制约,所以涡旋型线的研究是开展涡旋压缩机其他研究的基础和关键。本文总结了国内外相关的研究成果,从型线类型和型线修正两个方面出发,对现有涡旋型线的研究现状进行综述分析,并对未来涡旋型线发展方向和趋势进行预测和展望,对于今后涡旋压缩机型线的研究与工程应用具有指导和借鉴作用。     

Mathematical modeling of scroll compressors — part II: overall scroll compressor modeling

This paper presents the development of a comprehensive simulation model of a horizontal scroll compressor, which combines a detailed compression process model (Chen Y., Halm N., Groll E., Braun J. Mathematical modelling of scroll compressors — part I: compression process modeling, International Journal of Refrigeration 2002;25(6):731–750) and an overall compressor model. In the overall model, compressor components are analyzed in terms of nine different elements. Steady state energy balance equations are established applying the lumped capacitance method. In combination with the detailed compression process model, these equations were implemented into computer code and solved recursively. In this way, the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant in different compressor chambers, the temperature distributions in the scroll wraps, and the temperatures of the other compressor elements can be obtained. Thereafter, power consumption and efficiency of the compressor can be calculated. Tests were used to verify the overall model on a macroscopic basis. Using the simulation program based on the overall compressor model, a parametric study of the scroll compressor was performed, and the effects of internal leakage and heat transfer losses were investigated and some preliminary results were obtained. These results indicate that the comprehensive scroll compressor model is capable of predicting real compressor behavior and useful to the design and optimization of scroll compressors.     

Design of experimental bench and internal pressure measurement of scroll compressor with refrigerant injection

Experiments on the inner compression process of scroll compressor with refrigerant injection can reveal the essence of refrigerant injection. The difficulty of the experiment is the design of location of measuring ports, measuring system of dynamic pressure and design of the injection system. Focusing on the dynamic pressure measurement of inner compression process during refrigerant injection, an integrated bench design method for refrigerant injection research in scroll compressor is presented in this paper. The location design of injection ports and measuring ports, frequency spectrum analysis of pressure signal, selection of the sensor type and configuration, and design of the pressure-leading system are expressed, respectively. Finally, a test bench is set up. Based on it, several elementary experiments were carried out. The results show that: this design method solves most problems in the experimental research of scroll compressor with refrigerant injection and works reliably; the refrigerant injection effects the majority of the inner compression process and should not be considered as a transient process; gas injection can increase the system performance greatly and there is an optimal injection pressure for a certain scroll compressor.     

Optimization of refrigeration system with gas-injected scroll compressor

Gas refrigerant injection has been proven as an effective method to improve the performance of the scroll compressor and its refrigeration system under high compression ratio working conditions. Much research on the injected scroll compressor and its system has been conducted, but the universal control and design method is still lacking. A model of the refrigeration system with a gas-injected scroll compressor is developed in this paper. With this model, the effects of gas injection on the system and component parameters are investigated. Based on the identified evaporator characteristics and thermodynamic analysis, a set of general principles for the design and operation of the refrigeration or heat pump system with a gas-injected scroll compressor is proposed.     

大型冷库螺杆压缩机几何特征及型线优化研究

目的 针对大型冷库系统用螺杆压缩机的型线设计与优化问题,建立型线几何特征计算数学模型,为螺杆压缩机型线设计与优化提供理论依据。方法 以目前广泛采用的GHH型线为研究对象,基于本文采用的型线几何特征计算方法,发现GHH型线的接触线不连续。采用圆弧-圆弧包络线共轭曲线对代替原始GHH型线中的圆弧-圆弧共轭曲线对,实现接触线的连续,提出修正的GHH型线。进而以修正的GHH型线为研究对象,分析节圆半径、齿高、双边长度等型线参数对接触线、啮合线、泄漏三角形等型线几何特征的影响。结果 研究发现,泄漏三角形的面积与节圆半径、导程呈线性正相关,与齿高、双边长度呈线性负相关,其中双边长度对泄漏三角形的面积影响最大。具体地,当节圆半径由48mm增大至60 mm时,面积利用系数由0.462减小为0.427,接触线长度由174.5 mm增大至182.2 mm,泄漏三角形面积由1.7mm²增大至8.2mm²。结论 本文建立了转子型线几何特征快速计算数学模型,对GHH型线进行了优化,实现了螺杆转子接触线的连续,揭示了型线参数对型线几何特征的影响规律,为转子型线优化提供了...     

涡旋压缩机转子加工误差快速测量系统的研究

加工坐标系和涡旋体旋转坐标系偏差会引起较大的侧面啮合间隙,加工坐标系的在线调整能提高涡旋体加工精度.基于极坐标系开发了涡旋体侧面轮廓快速测量系统,可调对齐平台能精确确定测量坐标系原点.分析并去除了测量系统误差,通过涡旋体径向误差三维粒子群寻优计算,得到加工坐标系和涡旋体旋转坐标系的坐标偏差和旋转角度偏差.新的测量系统获得了同三坐标测量机(CMM)相同的测量结果,同时测量时间从20 min缩短为180 s,测量环境和测量时间能满足涡旋体在线加工补偿的要求.     

A lumped-parameter thermal model for scroll compressors including the solution for the temperature distribution along the scroll wraps

A lumped-parameter thermal model is presented to predict the temperature in different chambers and components inside scroll compressors with particular attention to gas superheating in the suction process. Thermal resistances between the components are based on global heat transfer conductances, whereas conduction heat transfer through the scroll wraps is solved via a one-dimensional finite volume method. The thermal model was coupled to a thermodynamic model of the compression cycle and then applied to simulate the compressor performance under different conditions of speed and pressure ratio. The model was able to correctly predict the compressor temperature for operating conditions within the range of those adopted for its calibration. The results showed a strong coupling between the compressor thermal profile and the temperatures of the motor and lubricating oil. It has also been found that heat conduction through the scroll wraps reduces slightly the discharge temperature.     

Advanced control systems for single compressor chiller units

In this paper the problem of designing advanced control systems for increasing the performances of low capacity HVAC system with single scroll compressor is addressed. In particular, a simulation environment based on Matlab/Simulink that has been validated on a state-of-the-art experimental facility and used to design an adaptive controller for single scroll compressor, packaged air-cooled water chillers is presented. The capability of the controller to substantially increase the energy performance of the system, as well as to achieve excellent regulation performances in process applications is demonstrated.     

Comparative study of the impact of the dummy port in a scroll compressor

A dummy port plays an important role in the porting process and the improvement of the performance of a scroll compressor. This paper documents an investigation on the working mechanism of the dummy port in a scroll compressor. To characterize the dummy port effects on the different parts of the scroll compressor, two scroll compressors, one with and the other without a dummy port, are studied comparatively. The flow through the dummy port is examined in the background of an integrated compressor working process. The assembly of the compressor under investigation includes the upper bearing housing, scrolls, check valve, and discharge plenum. The Navier–Stokes equations with a k– turbulence model are solved at the standard operating conditions of a scroll compressor. Refrigerant-22 is used as the working fluid. The thermodynamic and transport properties of the refrigerant gas are modeled by the Martin–Hou equation of state and power laws, respectively. Global flow physics is investigated first to lay a foundation to understand the working mechanisms that control the porting process before averaging techniques are applied. The behavior of the gas pockets in the porting process is characterized in both geometric and dynamic nature. The time-dependent variation of volume, mass, energy, and volume-averaged field quantities inside the gas pockets are studied throughout the porting process. The impact of the dummy port on the compressor performance is defined.     

The generation of triangular meshes for NURBS‐enhanced FEM

This paper presents the first method that enables the fully automatic generation of triangular meshes suitable for the so‐called non‐uniform rational B‐spline (NURBS)‐enhanced finite element method (NEFEM). The meshes generated with the proposed approach account for the computer‐aided design boundary representation of the domain given by NURBS curves. The characteristic element size is completely independent of the geometric complexity and of the presence of very small geometric features. The proposed strategy allows to circumvent the time‐consuming process of de‐featuring complex geometric models before a finite element mesh suitable for the analysis can be produced. A generalisation of the original definition of a NEFEM element is also proposed, enabling to treat more complicated elements with an edge defined by several NURBS curves or more than one edge defined by different NURBS. Three examples of increasing difficulty demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach and illustrate the advantages compared with those of traditional finite element mesh generators. Finally, a simulation of an electromagnetic scattering problem is considered to show the applicability of the generated meshes for finite element analysis. ©2016 The Authors. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

Experimental study on influencing factors of axial clearance for scroll compressor

An experimental system of non-contact measurement has been established for a scroll compressor to analyze the influencing factors of axial clearance. Experimental method and installation for eddy current displacement sensors have been introduced in detail based on technical analysis. The output voltage input into a computer through analog oscilloscope is recorded by oscilloscope software. The axial clearance is calculated according to the relationship between the output voltage and displacement. The axial clearance is discussed under the influence of different rotary speed, temperature and position. The results show that the experimental schemes are reasonable to realize the detection of the dynamic axial clearance. Temperature and rotary speed are inversely proportional to the axial clearance. The effect of rotary speed on the axial clearance is more noticeable than that of the temperature. The axial clearance along the spread angle of scroll profiles is obviously fluctuating under the action of overturning moment.     

低温热泵用涡旋压缩机性能的试验研究

制定低温热泵用涡旋压缩机试验方案,对研制的原型机进行性能测试。试验结果表明：在冷凝温度不变的情况下,随着蒸发温度的降低,原型机的制热量有所减少,但减少的速度低于普通热泵系统用涡旋压缩机;压缩机的电功率有所增加,但增加的幅度不大,且压缩机的排气温度也有所降低,故在低温工况下采用准二级压缩热泵用涡旋压缩机比采用普通热泵用涡旋压缩机可以更有效地提高空气源热泵的低温制热性能,是寒冷地区用小型空气源热泵比较适宜采用的压缩机。     

Discussion on leaking characters in meso-scroll compressor

The leakage is unavoidable and has considerable influence on the performance of a scroll compressor. In a meso-scale scroll compressor, the working gas leakage is more serious because the gaps between the scroll plate pairs are more difficult to be sealed than the case in a normal scale scroll compressor. This paper analyzes the leakage and related factors with a simplified model, and discusses the performance that resulted from gas loss due to both leakages from tangential and axial directions in meso-scale compressors. The discussion and related results are helpful to determine some key parameters in the design and manufacture of meso-scroll compressors.     

电动汽车空调热泵型涡旋压缩机结构分析

为了解决电动汽车空调系统冬季采暖问题,针对冬季空调工况下压缩机单级压比增大的运行特性,以涡旋压缩机制热性能系数为热力学优化目标函数,确定了制冷剂循环系统中的最佳补气压力,优化了涡旋压缩机静涡旋盘上的中间补气口的几何位置和形状,使其具备了准双级压缩功能。将研发的热泵型电动涡旋压缩机安装于电动汽车空调系统,利用空气焓差法对系统进行了制热、制冷性能实验。实验结果表明,静涡旋盘结构优化后的热泵型电动涡旋压缩机,其制热和制冷能力可以满足5人座电动汽车司乘人员的冬季和夏季舒适性要求,并且具有较高的制热和制冷性能系数,从而提升了汽车空调系统热泵循环和制冷循环的热经济性,达到了节能的目的。