粒径对空心镍球光吸收性能的影响

利用自催化还原法制备了不同粒径的空心镍球,观察了它们的形貌并测量了空心镍球的粒径分布,研究了它们的光吸收性能.结果表明,在紫外-近红外区,随着粒径的减小,镍球的光吸收性能明显增强,纳米尺寸的镍球在紫外光区的吸收特性与大粒径镍球明显不同.总体而言,小粒径镍球在整个测量波长范围内的光吸收都比较强,整体变化幅度小,而大粒径镍球在整个波长范围内光吸收变化幅度很大.     

聚合物空心纳米球的制备和表征的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外聚合物空心纳米球的研究现状,重点阐述了聚合物空心纳米球的制备方法,包括自组装法、微乳液聚合法和模板法等,比较了各种制备方法的制备原理和优缺点,介绍了聚合物空心纳米球的表征手段,最后展望了聚合物空心纳米球的发展前景.     

单分散镍碳复合纳米球和碳微球的制备

以脱油沥青(deoiled asphalt)为碳源,采用化学气相沉积法(CVD)制备碳微球,其裂解后的残渣经真空热处理制得单分散镍碳复合纳米球.用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对产物进行表征.结果表明,碳微球高纯,属无定型碳结构,大小分布在1～2μm范围内;镍碳复合纳米球为准球形核壳结构,核为镍,壳为碳,尺寸在10～30nm范围,晶化程度较高,结构较完善.     

形貌和尺寸可控的二氧化硅/硅酸镍锰空心微球的制备

以乙酸镍为镍源,乙酸锰为锰源,二氧化硅为模板,采用水热法在180℃、12h的条件下制备了二氧化硅/硅酸镍锰空心微球。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段对其进行表征和分析。随n(Si)∶n(Ni)∶n(Mn)(1∶2∶1~1∶2∶30)的不断增大,空心微球的尺寸及壁厚均逐渐增大,表面孔道结构在n(Si)∶n(Ni)∶n(Mn)=1∶2∶16时相对最为密集。     

碳酸钙纳米结构多孔空心微球的制备及其药物缓释性能研究

以CaCl2和Na2CO3为反应物,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为表面活性剂,在室温水溶液中制备了纳米结构碳酸钙空心球.用TEM和SEM对其进行形貌观察发现,所制备的碳酸钙空心球的球壁由纳米粒子组成,具有多孔形貌特征.分别在模拟胃液(pH＝1.2)以及模拟肠液(pH＝7.4)中对制备的纳米结构碳酸钙空心球进行了药物装载和缓释性能的研究,选用的药物为布洛芬(IBU).研究结果表明,IBU/CaCO3多孔空心微球药物传输体系具有较高的药物装载量和良好的药物缓释性能,纳米结构碳酸钙空心球中IBU的装载量可以达到195mg/g,且连续释药时间能持续53h以上;除去表面活性剂后,载体中IBU的装载量可达到130mg/g,药物释放率为100%时,持续释药时间可达到40h.纳米结构碳酸钙多孔空心球作为药物载体材料在药物缓释体系中具有潜在的应用前景.     

TiO_2空心微球制备技术研究进展

对TiO2空心微球的制备方法进行了总结,目前常用的方法有溶胶-凝胶法、层层自组装法及水热法,讨论了不同制备方法之间的优缺点,同时对TiO2空心微球的研究前景进行了展望。     

空心玻璃微球制备的研究进展

由于空心玻璃微球（HGM）具有呈完全球形的空心体、密度小、热导率小以及极好的流动性等特点，从而使得以空心玻璃微球为核心的一系列新型材料得到广泛运用。结合国内外研究情况概述了液滴法、干凝胶法、降解芯轴技术和喷雾干燥法等HGM的制备方法以及HGM粒度、壁厚、耐压强度等的测试方法。     

空化场中纳米镍磷合金粉体材料的制备

尝试利用自制的空化场电化学装置，在水溶液中制备纳米镍磷合金粉体材料，实验装置中包括以电火花技术为基础的空泡发生系统，反应容器，循环冷却系统，真空抽滤系统等。实验结果表明：在空化场的作用下，成功地在NiSO4和NaH2PO2反应溶液中制备出纳米尺度的镍磷合金粉体材料，该材料具有非晶态结构。材料的颗粒尺寸随空化场能量的提高而减小。典型的纳米镍合金的颗粒尺寸为80nm。     

SiO_2空心纳米微球的合成

为了改善聚合物粒子与SiO2粒子之间的亲和力及SiO2粒子在聚合物粒子表面的吸附,首先使用共单体4-乙烯基吡啶(4VP)功能化苯乙烯(PS)粒子,合成了聚(苯乙烯-共-4-乙烯基吡啶)(P(St-4VP))粒子。然后在NH4OH/乙醇介质中,将溶胶-凝胶法生成的SiO2粒子包覆在P(St-4VP)粒子表面,聚合物核被溶解得到SiO2空心纳米微球。随着P(St-4VP)粒子中共单体4VP含量以及正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)用量增加,SiO2空心纳米微球的壳层厚度增加,且壳层表面变得粗糙。随着PVP用量增加,SiO2空心纳米微球的平均尺寸下降,其壳层从松散粗糙变得致密光滑。NH4OH用量增加对SiO2空心纳米微球尺寸和形态的影响不大。     

空心玻璃微球制备的研究进展

由于空心玻璃微球(HGM)具有呈完全球形的空心体、密度小、热导率小以及极好的流动性等特点,从而使得以空心玻璃微球为核心的一系列新型材料得到广泛运用。结合国内外研究情况概述了液滴法、干凝胶法、降解芯轴技术和喷雾干燥法等HGM的制备方法以及HGM粒度、壁厚、耐压强度等的测试方法。     

A novel method for preparation of hollow and solid carbon spheres

Hollow and solid carbon spheres were prepared by the reaction of ferrocene and ammonium carbonate in a sealed quartz tube at 500°C. The morphology and microstructure of the product were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The carbon spheres are amorphous and their diameters range from 0·8–2·8 μm. The shell thickness of the hollow carbon spheres is not uniform and ranges from 100–180 nm. It is suggested that ammonium carbonate is crucial for the formation of carbon spheres and its amount also influences the morphology of the product. The method may be suitable for large scale preparation of carbon spheres.     

A facile method for the preparation of hollow silver spheres

A new method for the preparation of hollow silver spheres was proposed. In the preparation process the mercapto groups played an important role in the process of forming starch/silver core-shell structure, which provided nucleation sites for the growth of a silver shell. Removal of the starch core is realized by degrading the starch template with α-amylase. The morphology of the starch/silver core-shell nanocomposite and the hollow silver spheres was characterized by TEM and AFM.     

混Si粉电火花腐蚀制备中空Ni粉的研究

研究了混Si粉电火花腐蚀和普通电火花腐蚀,在不同峰值电流下制备的Ni粉的组成、表观形貌、粒度累积分布和松装密度.结果表明,两种方法制备的粉末除微量的NiO外,主要是Ni,粉末的粒度累积分布相差不大.但混Si粉电火花腐蚀制备的Ni粉空心粉末所占比例比普通电火花腐蚀制备的大.探讨了Si粉对电火花腐蚀制备中空粉末的影响机理.     

纳米氧化锌的制备工艺研究

以均匀沉淀法作为纳米氧化锌的制备方法,通过单因素实验和正交实验,系统地分析了溶液水解反应温度、水解反应时间、原料摩尔配比、煅烧温度等对氧化锌粉体产率和粒径的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺是:以直接混合的方式混合原料液,聚乙二醇-400作表面活性剂,反应温度90℃,原料摩尔配比c(尿素)/c(硝酸锌)=3:1,反应时间5.5h,前驱体碱式碳酸锌的最佳煅烧温度为500℃。通过所制得纳米氧化锌的XRD、SEM的粒径分析,证明了所制得的纳米氧化锌晶形为六方晶相,纯度大于99.9%、平均粒径约为68nm,产率为89.6%。     

Numerical investigations on the mechanical properties of metallic hollow spheres structure with perforations under compression

This paper numerically investigates the compressive mechanical properties of the perforated hollow spheres structures with different geometrical and physical properties. In these structures, the metallic hollow spheres are perforated regularly with several holes, which open the inner sphere volume and surface and are bonded in simple cubic, body-centered cubic and face-centred cubic patterns. The 5×5 cells finite element models under uniaxial compression are established by ABAQUS 6.14 software for simulation. The influence of the spheres’ spatial pattern, as well as base materials for the spheres and bonding necks on the structural mechanical properties are evaluated. By changing the wall thickness, hole diameter and bonding radius in the body-centered cubic packing finite element model, the elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio and initial yield stress are calculated and discussed as functions of these geometrical parameters and their average densities.     

Synthesis of submicron size hollow carbon spheres by a chemical reduction — solvothermal method using carbon tetrachloride as carbon source

A simple, rapid and energy efficient approach based on copper mediated chemical reduction — solvothermal method was employed to prepare submicron size hollow carbon spheres (SHCS) using carbon tetrachloride as carbon source. The obtained SHCS were characterized by means of various physico-chemical techniques like nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements at 77 K, XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX and FT-Raman techniques. Thus characterized samples displayed macroporous nature of carbon with carbon and chloride contents of about 73% and 12% on atomic basis respectively. The presence of chloride content may open new avenues for surface modifications of SHCS in the area of catalysis and separation science.     

涂层法制备聚醚砜中空纤维纳滤膜及应用

以磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)为内涂层制备了聚醚砜中空纤维纳滤膜,研究了溶剂、SPEEK磺化度、浓度及后处理温度等参数对膜性能的影响.结果表明,以SPEEK(磺化度0.55)的1%甲醇溶液为涂层溶液,经过30℃后处理6h制得纳滤膜具有较高的通量和离子选择性.其应用于含盐染料废水分离.结果显示,该膜完全截留小分子染料,但是透过单价盐类.该膜为单价/多价盐离子的分离和含盐染料废水的处理提供了一种新的可能性.     

聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜的研制和应用

介绍了聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)中空纤维膜的制备工艺，讨论了PVDF含量、添加剂、纺丝温度、干程及卷绕速度对膜性能的影响．并就PVDF中空纤维膜3种应用方法——连续膜过滤、膜生物反应器、双向流过滤的技术原理及应用作了介绍．     

基于五相球模型确定含涂层空心微球复合材料的有效模量

利用推广的五相球模型得到了含涂层空心微球填充复合材料的有效体积模量、剪切模量和杨氏模量预测的理论公式。分析了复合材料有效模量同空心微球壁的厚度、填充体积分数、涂层厚度等参数的关系。为了说明本文结果的有效性, 将五相球模型退化为不含涂层空心球填充复合材料的情况, 并与文献中的实验数据进行对比。算例计算表明: 涂层较薄时, 填料体积分数越大, 空心微球壁相对越厚, 弹性模量就越大。当填料体积分数最大时, 在空心微球壁相对最薄处, 弹性模量最低。      

Study on the preparation and microstructure of a single-crystal hollow turbine blade

This paper studied the structural design of a ceramic core and a blade, ceramic core localization, shell preparation, casting process, core leaching technology, and the heat treatment process of a single-crystal hollow turbine blade. The results show that the single-crystal structure solidification sequence of the blade platform is consistent with the cooling sequence and the pulling-out direction of the blade. The primary dendrites were obviously enlarged with the increase of the blade thickness owing to the change in the local cooling rate. Besides, the γ′ phase had a high uniform size distribution ranging from 0.40 to 0.60?µm after heat treatment, and the cubic degree was more homogeneous in comparison with the as-cast microstructure, which are favorable for the superalloy structure. Moreover, γ′ phase size gradually increased and its quantity gradually reduced owing to the increase of the wall thickness in the growth direction.