纳米镍/介孔二氧化硅复合材料的组装及结构和性质 Ⅰ : 纳米镍/介孔二氧化硅复合材料的制备及结构表征

利用介孔组装,可以进行纳米复合材料结构和功能设计。通过溶胶-凝胶方法,采用混合、浸泡和氢热还原工艺,获得纳米镍/介孔二氧化硅复合材料。运用DSC、XRD、XPS、TEM等手段对纳米镍/介孔二氧化硅复合材料进行表征。结果表明,纳米金属Ni颗粒的尺寸由介孔SiO₂的结构和孔径分布决定,受还原温度和成分等影响,在8~20nm范围变化,浸泡法更容易获得纳米金属颗粒均匀分布的复合材料。由于SiO₂介孔结构连通,纳米Ni表面存在氧化,纳米颗粒存在于介孔中形成壳结构。介孔二氧化硅基体中添加稀土元素Ce,有利于增强介孔基体骨架强度,限制纳米颗粒聚集长大。      

介孔二氧化硅负载型有机磷酸盐成核剂对聚丙烯性能的影响

通过物理吸附的方法,将2,2-亚甲基-双(4,6-二叔丁苯氧基)磷酸钠(NA-11)负载于球形(16MSN)和棒状(18MSN)的纳米介孔二氧化硅上,研究了负载前后纳米介孔二氧化硅比表面积、孔径和总孔容的变化。采用差示扫描量热、偏光显微镜考察了纳米介孔二氧化硅、纳米介孔二氧化硅/NA-11复合成核剂对等规聚丙烯(iPP)结晶行为的影响,并对iPP样品的物理性能进行了研究。结果表明,纳米介孔二氧化硅和复合成核剂的加入,有效地提高了材料的结晶性和透明性等物理性能。当添加0.3%的16MSN/NA-11(16SNA)时,复合材料的结晶度达到了44.72%,雾度降到20.3%,弯曲强度相对于纯PP提高了26.8%,维卡软化温度提高了6.6℃,且其性能优于NA-11含量相同时的成核iPP。     

介孔二氧化硅纳米复合材料的研究进展

介绍了近年来介孔二氧化硅复合材料的研究趋势与发展方向。介孔二氧化硅材料作为研究时间最长、技术最成熟的介孔材料,对整个介观材料的理论和材料设计具有重要意义。阐述了介孔二氧化硅材料的主要合成方法及其原理,着重从材料复合方式以及相应材料的特点、相关应用等方面的研究进展进行了综述,探讨了现有的问题,并且对未来介孔材料的发展趋势进行了展望。     

树枝状介孔二氧化硅基纳米材料催化转化二氧化碳的研究进展

近年来，树枝状介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒(DMSNs)成为催化界的研究热点，因其具有大的开孔结构、高比表面积、优异的溶剂分散性、良好的生物相容性等，上述优点使得DMSNs在实现CO₂的捕获和催化转化中取得了良好的发展。结合国内外研究进展，总结了近年树枝状介孔二氧化硅基纳米功能材料在CO₂催化转化方面的应用和反应机制，并与传统二氧化硅介孔材料(如SBA-15或MCM-41)的催化转化性能进行比较。最后对该材料在CO₂催化转化方面的应用进行了展望。     

pH值敏感介孔纳米复合材料SBA-15/PAA的制备与性能研究

通过浸渍吸附的方法将pH值敏感的功能单体-丙烯酸引入到介孔二氧化硅SBA-15的孔道内,经自由基聚合使丙烯酸(AA)在孔道内聚合,成功合成了pH值敏感的SBA-15/聚丙烯酸(PAA)纳米复合材料,所得纳米复合材料的结构通过XRD、TEM、氮气吸附/脱附、TG、FT-IR等手段进行了表征,并进行了pH敏感性能研究.结果表明,当聚合物(PAA)的量达到20%左右时,复合材料仍然具有较大的孔体积0.5203cm3/g和较高的比表面积334.5m2/g.聚合反应的发生没有破坏SBA-15的有序介孔结构,这种纳米复合材料初步显示出了pH敏感性.这种具有高比表面的pH值响应介孔纳米复合材料,有望在药物缓释领域得到应用.     

介孔二氧化硅门控开关在分析检测中的研究进展

介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子由于具有独特的结构特征和物理化学性质,可作为包载光及化学活性物质的优良载体;小分子化合物、核酸、抗体、蛋白质等功能分子通过修饰介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子以实现对包载物的封堵及对目标物的靶向作用;基于介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子及功能分子构建的智能纳米门控开关已被用于与疾病相关的生物标志物、化学战剂、爆炸品、毒品等小分子化合物的分析和检测,并逐步应用于高灵敏度化学传感器的构建.本文结合介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子功能化设计及存在的科学问题,就其在荧光探针和化学传感器构建中的应用及最新研究进展进行了综述,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望.     

SiO2溶胶“纳米粘合剂法”制备介孔纳米复合材料和应用

介绍了一种制备介孔纳米复合材料的新方法——SiO2溶胶“纳米粘合剂法”。应用此方法制备的纳米复合材料是介孔材料，材料具有大比表面积和高空隙率的特点；复合材料中的纳米颗粒或固体微粒保持复合前的形态和大小，没有被包覆而有自由表面并直接同外界环境相通，且可复合量较高。因此，这类纳米复合材料不但具有浸泡法和原位法制备的纳米复合材料的优点，而且克服了这2种方法固有的缺点，在光电材料、特种电荷贮存材料、敏感材料和催化材料方面有着广阔的应用前景。     

单分散短棒状介孔二氧化硅的制备

在温和碱性条件下，以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂，正硅酸乙酯为硅源，平平加Os-25为助剂，制备出轴向尺寸为200nm左右，径向尺寸在60-80nm范围内的单分散短棒状纳米介孔二氧化硅MCM-41．研究了CTAB用量、平平加Os-25的用量、反应时间等因素对介孔形貌和纳米粒子分散性的影响．结果表明，适量的非离子表面活性剂平平加Os-25具有助模板剂的作用，可以有效地提高纳米介孔粉体的有序性．平平加Os-25与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的摩尔比在0．02-0．06范围内，可以得到有序性好、分散性好的短棒状介孔二氧化硅MCM-41．     

聚合物介孔复合材料研究进展

无机介孔材料在催化、吸附领域已经得到了广泛的应用.聚合物介孔复合材料是指将介孔材料以各种方式加入聚合物基体中得到的杂合材料,是介孔材料崭新的应用领域.介绍了聚合物介孔复合材料所使用的主要介孔材料类型,概括了聚合物介孔纳米复合材料的制备方法,包括单体原位聚合和与聚合物共混方法,重点阐述了其作为功能复合材料、药物缓释材料、...     

罗丹明B在介孔二氧化硅中的发光研究

利用介孔二氧化硅为载体,将罗丹明B(RhB)分子嵌入其中,获得了纳米复合材料。测量了光致发光谱,观察到纳米孔中小分子的光致发光蓝移现象,与不同浓度RhB 无水乙醇溶液的光致发光相比,纳米孔中的RhB的发光接近单分子发光行为,这种现象与纳米孔对有机分子的聚集程度的限制有关。同时观察到纳米复合物的荧光强度远远强于液相染料,初步推断为二氧化硅基质对染料分子产生了能量传递。     

细乳液法合成单核核壳结构氧化硅/聚苯乙烯复合微球

采用细乳液聚合法,以3-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH570)表面改性的直径50nm的氧化硅粒子为核,在乳化剂、助乳化剂、引发剂存在的情况下制备了小粒径、单核核壳结构氧化硅/聚苯乙烯纳米复合微球.研究表明,苯乙烯的浓度、超声细乳化时间,是制备这种小粒径、单分散、单核核壳结构的氧化硅/聚苯乙烯纳米复合微球的关键因素.透射电镜(TEM)的观察显示,在优化的实验条件下,可以制得平均粒径95nm,壳厚20nm,粒径均一、球形规整度较好、单核核壳结构的氧化硅/聚苯乙烯纳米复合微球.其平均粒径远低于用其它聚合方法制备的复合微球.     

电纺制备聚丙烯腈/聚偏氟乙烯复合纤维膜及其空气过滤性能

以聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)为芯层,聚丙烯腈(PAN)为皮层,通过同轴法静电纺丝技术制备PAN/PVDF纳米复合纤维膜。通过向纤维膜的皮层中加入纳米硅粉、气相白炭黑、硅溶胶三种不同的纳米粒子和改变皮芯层溶液挤出速度对PAN/PVDF纳米纤维膜进行结构优化。同时,采用BET、SEM、水接触角、纤维强度仪等对纤维膜的孔结构参数、表面形貌、亲水性、力学性能等进行研究。结果表明:在皮层中加入硅溶胶后的溶液导电能力达到32.90 μL/cm,PAN/PVDF纤维膜力学性能最好,纵向断裂强度达到13.02 MPa。含有硅溶胶的口罩布的品质因子达到0.0236,远大于纯聚丙烯(PP)无纺布的品质因子(0.0127),过滤性显著提高。      

A non-fluorinated mechanochemically robust volumetric superhydrophobic nanocomposite

The widespread use of water-repellent superhydrophobic surfaces is limited by the inherent fragility of their micro-and nanoscale roughness, which is prone to damage and degradation. Here, we report a non-fluorinated volumetric superhydrophobic nanocomposites that demonstrate mechanochemical robustness. The nanocomposites are produced through the addition of microscale diatomaceous earth and nanoscale fumed silica particles to high-temperature vulcanized silicone rubber. The water-repellency of the surface and bulk of nanocomposites having 120 phr of filler was determined based on the water contact angle and contact angle hysteresis. We compared the water-repellency of nanocomposites of differing diatomaceous earth to fumed silica mass ratios. Increasing the amount of diatomaceous earth enhanced the water-repellency of the nanocomposite surface, whereas an increased amount of fumed silica improved the water-repellency of the bulk material. Moreover, increasing the diatomaceous earth/fumed silica mass ratio improved the cross-linking density and hardness values of the nanocomposite.Despite being subjected to a range of mechanical durability tests, including sandpaper abrasion,knife scratching, tape peeling, water jet impact, and sandblasting, the nanocomposite maintained a water contact angle of 163. and contact angle hysteresis of 2°. When the water-repellency of the prepared nanocomposites eventually deteriorated, we restored their superhydrophobicity by removing the upper surface of the nanocomposite. This extraordinary robustness stems from the embedded low surface energy micro/nanostructures distributed throughout the nanocomposite. We also demonstrated the chemical stability, UV resistance, and self-cleaning abilities of the nanocomposite to illustrate the potential for real-life applications of this material.     

Preparation of the SnO2/SiO2 xerogel with a large specific surface area

SnO₂/SiO₂ nanocomposite xerogel was synthesized by using the about-to-gel silica sol as “nanoglue”. Tin oxide uniformly dispersed within the three-dimension network of the silica in the form of nanoparticles. The SnO₂/SiO₂ nanocomposite xerogel has a large specific surface area (SSA), which depends on the deposition time of the silica sol.     

Investigation of the fracture mechanism and mechanical properties of polystyrene/silica nanocomposite in various silica contents

There is limited research on the effect of silica on the mechanical properties of polystyrene. For this lack of information, this study has focused on the fracture mechanism and mechanical properties of Polystyrene/silica nanocomposite. Transmission electron microscopy showed proper dispersion of nanoparticles in PS matrix in both low and high filler loadings. Scanning electron microscopy, TOM micrography, and non-contact surface profiler were used to study the fracture surface and fracture mechanism characteristics of the nanocomposite. It seems that the debonding mechanism is an important mechanism in toughening of Polystyrene/silica nanocomposites. In addition, mechanical behavior of the samples was investigated. Tensile, flexural, and compressive strength and also impact and plain-strain fracture toughness of nanocomposite samples showed different behaviors in low and high nanoparticle loadings and interestingly, we found an optimum value less than 2% for nanoparticle loading in which we observed the highest improvement in mechanical properties of the nanocomposite.     

The enhanced coercivity for the magnetite/silica nanocomposite at room temperature

Magnetite/silica nanocomposite was synthesized by a facile solvothermal processing at 150 °C for about 10 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed the effect of annealing on the crystallinity of silica. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed the good dispersion of magnetite in the silica matrix. Magnetic properties of the nanocomposite were characterized by vibration sample magnetometer (VSM), and the enhanced coercivity was explained by the intrinsic anisotropy of the particles enhanced by the interparticle dipolar fields.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备核壳SiO2/Fe3O4复合纳米粒子的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以尺寸约10nm的Fe3O4纳米粒子为种子,碱催化正硅酸已酯(TEOS)水解、缩合,制备了磁性可控的核壳结构SiO2/Fe3O4复合纳米粒子.系统研究了醇水比、NH4OH及TEOS的浓度对复合纳米粒子形貌和性能的影响,并分析了SiO2/Fe3O4复合纳米粒子的生成机理.结果表明,SiO2的生长主要是SiO2初级粒子在Fe3O4表面的聚集生长,醇水比为4∶1、NH4OH浓度为0.3mol/L和TEOS浓度低于0.02mol/L时,随TEOS浓度的增大,SiO2壳层增厚,复合粒子饱和磁化强度下降,矫顽力基本不变,仍具有良好的超顺磁性.     

Synthesis and sensitivity properties of Pd-doped tin oxide nanoparticles dispersed in mesoporous silica

Pd-doped tin oxide nanoparticles dispersed in mesoporous silica were prepared by a thermal-decomposing method and characterized by isothermal nitrogen adsorption measurement, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Tin oxide nanoparticles grow up slowly owing to confinement of the pores of the mesoporous silica. Due to the unique microstructure of the mesoporous silica, the obtained nanocomposite consists of a three-dimensional web of interconnected crystallites of tin oxide and exhibits electronic conductivity when enough tin oxide is assembled in the silica pores. The obtained nanocomposite has also a large specific surface area, and the tin oxide nanoparticles have a free surface in contact with the ambient air. Therefore, the samples exhibit a high sensitivity to CO gas, and have potential application.     

Proton conductivity of Nafion/ex situ Stöber silica nanocomposite membranes as a function of silica particle size and temperature

In the first systematic study of the influence of the size of silica particles on ion exchange capacity (IEC) and proton conductivity of Nafion–silica nanocomposite membranes, thin films cast from mixtures of silica particles (5 wt%) with varying diameters ranging from 10 to 400 nm and Nafion in alcohol were examined. IECs decreased exactly as expected with the dilution of Nafion and its sulfonic acid groups with added silica. At 80 °C, the proton conductivity was also less with silica particles. However, at higher temperatures (120 °C), there was a 58 % improvement in proton conductivity at low relative humidity and a 45 % improvement at higher relative humidity for nanocomposite membranes prepared with silica particles <50 nm in size. The improvement was less significant with larger silica particles in the membranes.     

Sol-Gel Synthesis of Palladium-Doped Silica Nanocomposite Fiber Using Triton X-100 Micelle Template and the Application for Hydrogen Gas Sensing

Palladium-doped silica nanocomposites were synthesized via a sol-gel technique combined with a template of Triton X-100 micelle. The freshly prepared sol sample of Pd-doped silica nanocomposites was investigated by TEM. Determined from the TEM image, the sizes of the Pd nanoparticles are narrowly distributed, which are around 30 nm in diameter. The prepared sol solution of the sample was injected into a Tygon Microbore Autoanalysis tubing. After 14 days gelatinization, a transparent porous optical fiber was obtained. The response of the fiber to hydrogen gas was tested by using a fiber-optic spectrometric method. The palladium-doped silica nanocomposite fiber is sensitive upon exposure to hydrogen gas and the response is reversible. This palladium-doped silica nanocomposite fiber can be applied as a new kind of hydrogen gas sensor