R404A单机双级与R404A/R23复叠式制冷系统对比分析

通过建立双级压缩制冷系统和复叠式压缩制冷系统热力学模型,在冷凝温度40℃,蒸发温度为-65℃条件下,分析不同的中间温度对两种制冷系统压缩机轴功率,制冷剂流量以及制冷系数等性能参数的影响,并对两种制冷系统的实际运行费用进行了比较。结果表明:在相同的工况下,双级压缩式压缩机轴功率、R404A制冷剂质量流量低于复叠式;而双级压缩制冷系统COP(制冷性能系数)高于复叠式。在冷凝温度为40℃,蒸发温度为-65℃,中间温度为-14℃时,与复叠式制冷系统相比双级压缩式制冷系统全年运行节能可达13%。理论研究表明在-65℃的超低温工况下,双级压缩式制冷系统更具有优势。     

喷液冷却对空调压缩机性能影响研究

喷液冷却是压缩机运行过程对其电机冷却的一种方式,为考察喷液冷却对转子型空调压缩机性能的影响,本次采用GB/T 5773-2016《容积式制冷剂压缩机性能试验方法》标准中规定的试验设备和方法对喷液冷却转子压缩机性能进行检测,调节不同的喷液量考察压缩机的制冷量、耗电量、COP以及排气温度等参数的变化.研究发现压缩机制冷量、...     

中高温下使用不同制冷剂的压缩机性能比较

本文对不同制冷剂的性质和其理论循环性能进行分析，阐明了COPELANDL型半封闭活塞式制冷压缩机的特点，并将同一型号的压缩机在不同温度下使用不同制冷剂时的制冷量，输入功率，COP值等性能参数作分析比较，为压缩机与制冷剂在中高温下的优化配置提供参考依据。     

变容量双级压缩热泵系统实验研究

通过改变压缩机频率,实现低高压压缩机理论输气量不同配比,对变容量双级压缩热泵系统进行实验研究,分析系统中间压力、中间温度和制冷剂循环量等参数随低高压压缩机理论输气量比的变化规律。实验结果表明:该系统在较低蒸发温度时,通过增大低高压压缩机理论输气量比可有效提高系统制热量,但系统制热COP改善较小;随蒸发温度的降低,系统制热COP最优值所对应的低高压压缩机理论输气量比将遵循增大的规律。同时指出该系统在蒸发温度0℃,冷凝温度40℃,低高压压缩机理论输气量比为2.82时,系统中间压力已接近冷凝压力,系统失去中间喷射的补气增焓效果。该研究为双级压缩系统性能的研究及其优化设计提供了有力的参考。     

制冷系统湿压缩时吸气干度控制方法的实验研究

不完全湿压缩能大幅度降低压缩机排气温度,然而该应用的最大难点是如何控制实时压缩机吸气干度在合适的范围内。本文提出了假拟饱和等熵压缩排气温度控制压缩机吸气该干度的方法,理论分析了在AHRI(空调供暖制冷协会)空调和低温制冷两种典型工况下,R22、R32、R134a和R410A四种制冷剂作为冷媒时,应用该方法控制压缩机吸气带液时系统性能的变化,并通过R32实验验证该结论的正确性。结果表明:利用假拟饱和等熵压缩排气温度可以将压缩机吸气状态控制在少量湿蒸气的状态;在T-s图上具有钟型饱和线形状的R32制冷剂,利用假拟饱和等熵压缩所控制的制冷系统,当吸气干度在0.96~1时,制冷量和COP均能达到最大值。     

基于吸气喷液的制冷系统热力性能理论研究

吸气喷液是降低压缩机排气温度的有效手段,通过建立制冷系统热力循环计算模型,研究基于吸气喷液的制冷系统热力学状态,以制冷剂R410A为工质,分析在不同工况下热力性能随喷液流量比例的变化趋势。计算结果表明,当喷液流量比例增加到5%时,排气温度平均降低幅度为9℃,功率、制冷量和COP值分别平均下降0.4%、0.6%和0.3%;若蒸发温度增加,功率呈先上升后下降的趋势,蒸发温度每增加5℃,排气温度平均降低幅度为4.5℃,制冷量、COP值分别平均增加17.6%、16.9%;冷凝温度每降低5℃,排气温度平均降低幅度为8℃,功率平均下降11.3%,制冷量、COP值分别平均增加6%、17.9%。     

低温驱动沸石-水吸附式制冷机的性能研究

本文研究的合成沸石-水吸附式制冷机采用FAMZ01沸石作为吸附剂,吸附床选择翅片涂抹式吸附床,通过实验研究该制冷机的制冷功率、制冷性能系数(COP)随热源温度、冷冻水进口温度的变化规律。结果表明,该吸附式制冷机在55℃的热源下就可以稳定输出制冷量,并在驱动热源为65℃左右展现其较佳的性能。     

制冷系统含油量对制冷压缩机工作性能影响的理论分析和实验研究

为研究制冷系统含油量对制冷压缩机工作性能的影响，建立了汽车空调用涡旋式压缩机工作过程数学模型，对压缩过程进行了计算模拟。并在汽车空调压缩机性能测试台上，进行了变含油量、变转速和变工况实验，得到了流入压缩腔内的润滑油量与压缩机容积效率、压缩功率损失、排气温度、制冷量和COP的关系曲线。研究结果表明：理论计算结果和实验结果符合较好；压缩腔内油气质量百分比为7％～9％时，压缩机工作性能较为理想。     

独立式过冷循环对改善单级蒸气压缩制冷系统性能分析

过冷循环是改善单级蒸气压缩制冷系统性能的有效途径。本文以基加利修正案后可选替代制冷剂为分析对象,对带独立式过冷循环的单级蒸气压缩制冷循环的压缩机单位容积制冷量、压力比、排气温度、压缩机功耗、系统性能系数、损失和效率随蒸发温度的变化规律进行分析。结果表明:在固定蒸发温度和固定冷凝温度时,存在最佳过冷度Tsopt使系统COP最大。在最佳过冷度下,独立过冷循环使得系统的性能系数COP明显增大,采用独立过冷循环使R744提高性能效果最明显,R717增大幅度最小。13种不同的工质中,R600a、R152a、R161、R134a、R1234ze系统性能系数COP高于R22。独立过冷循环使系统压缩机总输入功W和损减少, 效率η_χ明显增大。文章揭示了不同工质在引入独立过冷循环的单级蒸气压缩式制冷循环的变化规律,为单级蒸气压缩式制冷循环性能改进提供参考。     

带废热回收的家用热泵热水装置实验研究

为回收家庭洗浴废水中的废热,提高能源利用率,本文设计了一种带废热回收的热泵热水装置,并通过搭建实验台研究了该装置制取热水的循环性能。在进水温度为16℃,出水温度为36～46℃时进行实验测试,研究制热量、制热COP、压缩机功率、出水量等参数随出水温度和制冷剂充注量的变化规律。实验结果表明:适当提高制冷剂充注量有利于制热量、制热COP的稳定,在最小的制冷剂充注量为1.4 kg时,获得最大制热量为7.9 k W,制热COP为7.7;在出水温度为36～46℃,随出水温度的升高,压缩机功率增大,出水体积流量下降。该装置能够有效回收废水中的热量,制热量稳定在约7.5 k W,制热COP大于6.0。     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Investigation of the Corrosion Behaviors of HVOF-Sprayed Carbide Cernet Coatings in Molten Al-Zn-Si Alloy Bath

In continuous hot-dip galvanization process the corrosion and chemical stability of the sink roll in the galvanizing bath are important problem which effects on the quality and productivity. In order to protect the sink roll the carbide cermet and/or ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of the sink roll. The WC-, Cr3 C2-cermet coatings were deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spray, respectively. The coating samples were immersed in molten Zn-alloy containing 50 wt % aluminum at 833 K for 24 hr and 144 hr, respectively. The inter-diffusion and inter-reaction of Zn, Al and elements in coating and corrosion behaviors of these coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EPMA etc. The corrosion mechanisms of the carbide cermet coatings and ceramic coatings in molten High Al-Zn-alloy were approached.     

Fundamental study of adhesion of ice to cooling solid surface (Discussion on influence of copper oxide layer on ice adhesion force)

In many situations, ice often adheres to a cooling solid surface, frequently causing serious accidents. It is critical to clarify the mechanism of ice adhesion to the cooling surface in order to prevent ice adhesion. In a past study, the shearing stresses of two kinds of test plates with a copper surface having the higher thermal conductivity were measured. The shearing stress corresponds to ice adhesion force. Both shearing stresses were significantly different; however, the cause remains unclear.Therefore, the present study focuses on an oxide layer as the main factor causing the difference of both shearing stresses; the influence of the oxide layer formed on shearing stress was discussed. And in the removal and reformation processes of the oxide layer, the time variation of the shearing stress was clarified. Moreover, the relationship between the state of the copper surface and the shearing stress was also clarified by surface analysis.     

重塑标准推行格局 推动LED照明的普及（英文）

正When you are enjoying the green,energy-saving and healthy lighting of IKEA LED luminaire,you may not realize that most of IKEA’s LED bulbs are produced by the LED luminaire smart manufacturing system of Hangzhou Zhongwei Photoelectricity CO.,LTD(ZVISION).No longer enclosed in the laboratory,the product standards are brought into the factory workshop and even to the entire production process.Thus,the standards are promoted and applied in a favorable way by enterprises,benefitting consumers with high quality products.     

Chinese Experts Contribute to ISO＇s New Toy Standards

正The international standard,ISO 8124-6,Safety of toys–Part 6:Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products,was officially issued by ISO worldwide on August 15.It was the first time for Chinese experts to lead the ISO standard development in toys industry.The standard was drafted by a group of Chinese experts from SAC/TC for toys and relevant Chinese departments and finally completed by a dedicated international group of experts.ISO 8124-6 makes a substantive breakthrough in the aspects of the scope of toys,limitation of plasticizer types,control of test cost,accuracy of test,operation convenience,etc.,offering the operational guidance for toy manufactures and testing laboratories.     

中国质量(北京)大会(英文)

正Themed on"quality,innovation,development",the first China Quality Conference(Beijing)was held in the Great Hall of the People on September 15.Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivered an important speech at the conference.State Councilor Yang Jing and Wang Yong attended the conference with over 600 domestic and international representatives from foreign,regional and international quality organizations     

National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization

正The National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization was held in Beijing on July 15,2014.Wang Min,the Deputy-Minister of the Ministry of Land and Resources,and Yin Minghan,the Chief-Engineer of SAC addressed the meeting.Representatives from relevant competent departments and technical committees were present.The meeting aims to summarize work,discuss existing problems and make clear working thoughts,promoting standardization work of land and resources to a new level.Wang Min pointed out that the standardization work of land and resources should be centered on the basic principles of"protecting land and resources dutifully,intensively and economically utilizing land and resources,and making all-out efforts to safeguard the public’s rights and interests",highlighted the