稀土氧化物掺杂改性YSZ热障涂层研究现状与趋势

随着科技的进步与发展,面对日趋复杂的工作环境,传统的氧化钇部分稳定的氧化锆(Yttria partially stabilized zirconia)热障涂层材料在高于1200℃的环境下服役时,易出现相变、烧结收缩严重等问题,降低了涂层的隔热性能,同时伴随有一定的体积变化而加速涂层的剥落,需要研发性能更好的热障涂层以适应未来的工作环境.新一代热障涂层分为以下几类:(1)掺杂稀土氧化物改性YSZ热障涂层;(2)萤石或焦绿石结构热障涂层;(3)钇铝石榴石或磁铁铅矿热障涂层;(4)钙钛矿结构热障涂层.其中,采用稀土氧化物掺杂对YSZ进行改性的热障涂层由于可以有效降低热障涂层的热导率,提高其高温相稳定性、高温抗氧化性、高温抗腐蚀性能等而引起国内外学者的关注.本文主要介绍了目前几种有希望代替传统YSZ涂层的稀土氧化物掺杂改性YSZ热障涂层,稀土氧化物包括CeO2、Sc2 O3、Gd2 O3、La2 O3,对不同稀土氧化物掺杂改性YSZ热障涂层材料的物理化学性质、研究现状及存在的问题进行了综述.其中掺杂CeO2可降低涂层的热导率,使其耐Na2 SO4腐蚀能力增强,并提高其热稳定性;掺杂Sc2 O3不仅降低涂层的热导率,还大大提高其相稳定性,使涂层在1500℃高温下经过长时间热处理后仍然保持单一的t'相;掺杂Gd2 O3可有效提高其耐热腐蚀性,但过量掺杂会降低涂层的力学性能;掺杂La2 O3可增强涂层的抗烧结能力,有效降低其热导率.本文还对影响稀土氧化物掺杂改性YSZ热障涂层性能的其他因素(如制粉方式、喷涂工艺等)的研究现状进行了简单的介绍,对今后热障涂层体系的发展趋势及研发思路进行总结,为新型热障涂层的研制提供参考.     

高温热处理对等离子体喷涂的纳米氧化锆热障涂层的影响

热障涂层已广泛用于燃气发动机燃烧室等高温零部件上。纳米热障涂层韧性改善,厚度可以增加,能够提高零部件使用温度和使用寿命。首先利用低压等离子体在镍基体上喷涂制备NiCoCrAlYTa金属中间结合层和大气等离子体喷涂制备Y_2O_3部分稳定的ZrO_2纳米陶瓷面层,然后将纳米氧化锆热障涂层样品在大气中于1050～1250℃温度范围内煅烧处理2～20h。通过扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪分析纳米氧化锆热障涂层高温煅烧前后的组织结构变化和相组成变化,并与常规微米氧化锆热障涂层进行比较。研究结果表明:经高温煅烧后,纳米氧化锆热障涂层中晶粒大小和在陶瓷面层/金属中间结合层界面上形成的TGO的厚度随煅烧温度升高和时间的延长而增大;纳米热障涂层中TGO的增长速度比常规微米热障涂层快;纳米热障涂层经高温煅烧空气中冷却后,主要由四方相组成;与常规微米热障涂层的相组成比较,纳米氧化锆热障涂层中的四方相为低稳定剂四方相。     

等离子喷涂氧化锆纳米涂层的组织结构与性能

研究了用纳米粉制备热障涂层的组织及性能与工艺参数的影响关系,对涂层制备具有指导作用.采用等离子喷涂方法以二次造粒的纳米ZrO2为喂料制备了熔炼隔离热障涂层,并利用X衍射物相分析、SEM、TEM、金相等分析手段观测了涂层的物相构成、组织结构和孔隙率.结果表明,涂层主要以四方相和立方相构成,并含有少量的单斜相.在喷涂过程中粉末熔化状况良好,涂层含有网状微裂纹,涂层致密度可达96%,比普通二氧化锆等离子喷涂层高.     

Y_2O_3-ZrO_2热障涂层热腐蚀产物的生长行为及其相变研究

热腐蚀是热障涂层失效的重要因素之一,目前有关热障涂层热腐蚀形貌的演变规律及机理的研究少有报道。利用大气等离子体喷涂在GH4049合金表面制备了Y_2O_3-ZrO_2热障涂层,进行了不同时间的热腐蚀测试。采用扫描电镜(SEM)对热障涂层热腐蚀前后的表面、截面形貌进行了观察,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对涂层热腐蚀前后的成分进行了分析。结果表明:热腐蚀20 h,腐蚀产物为颗粒、块状及短棒状;热腐蚀超过40 h,腐蚀产物呈现束状;热腐蚀后,ZrO_2由四方相向单斜相转变,且随着时间的延长,转变程度增加。     

热障涂层陶瓷材料的研究现状及发展趋势

热障涂层陶瓷材料的研究是开发适用于下一代高性能航空涡轮发动机热障涂层体系的关键,也是未来热障涂层技术发展的重要方向之一.可用作热障涂层陶瓷材料的主要有用Al2O3、Y2O3等稳定剂稳定的ZrO2、稀土锆酸盐和一些具有钙钛矿结构的氧化物(石榴石、独居石以及LaMgAl11O19等),综述了上述热障涂层陶瓷材料的热物性能和力学性能,对其研究现状及发展趋势进行了分析和探讨.     

纳米ZrO2热障涂层热震性能研究

为了研究纳米热障涂层的热震性能,采用等离子喷涂工艺制备了纳米Y2O3-ZrO2(YSZ)热障涂层,并测试了涂层的热震性能.借助扫描电镜和X射线衍射等手段分析了涂层的物相构成和组织结构.结果表明,涂层中保留未完全熔融的小尺寸颗粒,且存在大量的孔径＜1 μm的微孔,该结构对提高涂层的热震性能极为有利.纳米涂层抗热震性能显著优于常规热障涂层,从室温至1 000℃,经800次热循环,涂层无明显的脱落现象.     

热障涂层寿命的计算机优化方法

作为进行热障涂层结构设计和制备参数设计的准备,本文在热障涂层寿命预测系统(本实验室研发)的基础上,研究开发了热障涂层寿命优化平台,对热障涂层的结构参数和制备参数进行了优化.制备参数主要包括热障涂层预氧化时间和粘结层粗糙度,热障涂层的结构参数包括了陶瓷层模量、陶瓷层厚度和粘结层厚度.     

一种新型CMAS耦合条件下热障涂层热循环实验方法

提出一种高温度梯度、燃气加热和CMAS(CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2)沉积条件下热障涂层热循环实验方法,并对1200℃下CMAS沉积物对等离子喷涂热障涂层过早失效的影响因素进行讨论和分析。结果表明:无CMAS耦合条件下,热障涂层热循环寿命为573次;CMAS耦合条件下,热障涂层热循环寿命降低至70次。CMAS渗入会导致陶瓷层表层产生致密层和横向微裂纹增多。CMAS耦合条件下,热障涂层的失效以陶瓷层逐层剥离为主。     

等离子喷涂六钛酸钾涂层工艺研究

为了探索六钛酸钾热障涂层的制备工艺,通过正交试验分析方法,采用等离子喷涂工艺制备了钛酸钾热障涂层.研究了喷涂工艺对涂层物相结构的影响,采用定量金相分析了涂层组织.结果表明:喷涂工艺对涂层的物相结构有显著影响,随喷涂工艺的改变,涂层由类似于八钛酸钾的某种结构转变为以六钛酸钾结构为主的相结构;涂层孔隙分布均匀,孔隙率在10%左右.     

等离子喷涂热障涂层多层结构的研究进展

基于热障涂层的发展现状，总结了SPS（悬浮液等离子喷涂）、SPPS（溶液前驱体等离子喷涂）及PS-PVD（等离子喷涂-物理气相沉积）技术及其制备的热障涂层结构性能特点；综述了等离子喷涂热障涂层单层、多层和梯度涂层的发展，着重总结了La₂Zr₂O₇、Gd₂Zr₂O₇、La₂Ce₂O₇ 3种陶瓷材料体系结构变化对涂层性能的影响；展望了热障涂层多层结构的发展前景。     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Investigation of the Corrosion Behaviors of HVOF-Sprayed Carbide Cernet Coatings in Molten Al-Zn-Si Alloy Bath

In continuous hot-dip galvanization process the corrosion and chemical stability of the sink roll in the galvanizing bath are important problem which effects on the quality and productivity. In order to protect the sink roll the carbide cermet and/or ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of the sink roll. The WC-, Cr3 C2-cermet coatings were deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spray, respectively. The coating samples were immersed in molten Zn-alloy containing 50 wt % aluminum at 833 K for 24 hr and 144 hr, respectively. The inter-diffusion and inter-reaction of Zn, Al and elements in coating and corrosion behaviors of these coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EPMA etc. The corrosion mechanisms of the carbide cermet coatings and ceramic coatings in molten High Al-Zn-alloy were approached.     

Fundamental study of adhesion of ice to cooling solid surface (Discussion on influence of copper oxide layer on ice adhesion force)

In many situations, ice often adheres to a cooling solid surface, frequently causing serious accidents. It is critical to clarify the mechanism of ice adhesion to the cooling surface in order to prevent ice adhesion. In a past study, the shearing stresses of two kinds of test plates with a copper surface having the higher thermal conductivity were measured. The shearing stress corresponds to ice adhesion force. Both shearing stresses were significantly different; however, the cause remains unclear.Therefore, the present study focuses on an oxide layer as the main factor causing the difference of both shearing stresses; the influence of the oxide layer formed on shearing stress was discussed. And in the removal and reformation processes of the oxide layer, the time variation of the shearing stress was clarified. Moreover, the relationship between the state of the copper surface and the shearing stress was also clarified by surface analysis.     

重塑标准推行格局 推动LED照明的普及（英文）

正When you are enjoying the green,energy-saving and healthy lighting of IKEA LED luminaire,you may not realize that most of IKEA’s LED bulbs are produced by the LED luminaire smart manufacturing system of Hangzhou Zhongwei Photoelectricity CO.,LTD(ZVISION).No longer enclosed in the laboratory,the product standards are brought into the factory workshop and even to the entire production process.Thus,the standards are promoted and applied in a favorable way by enterprises,benefitting consumers with high quality products.     

Chinese Experts Contribute to ISO＇s New Toy Standards

正The international standard,ISO 8124-6,Safety of toys–Part 6:Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products,was officially issued by ISO worldwide on August 15.It was the first time for Chinese experts to lead the ISO standard development in toys industry.The standard was drafted by a group of Chinese experts from SAC/TC for toys and relevant Chinese departments and finally completed by a dedicated international group of experts.ISO 8124-6 makes a substantive breakthrough in the aspects of the scope of toys,limitation of plasticizer types,control of test cost,accuracy of test,operation convenience,etc.,offering the operational guidance for toy manufactures and testing laboratories.     

中国质量(北京)大会(英文)

正Themed on"quality,innovation,development",the first China Quality Conference(Beijing)was held in the Great Hall of the People on September 15.Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivered an important speech at the conference.State Councilor Yang Jing and Wang Yong attended the conference with over 600 domestic and international representatives from foreign,regional and international quality organizations     

National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization

正The National Working Meeting on Land and Resources Standardization was held in Beijing on July 15,2014.Wang Min,the Deputy-Minister of the Ministry of Land and Resources,and Yin Minghan,the Chief-Engineer of SAC addressed the meeting.Representatives from relevant competent departments and technical committees were present.The meeting aims to summarize work,discuss existing problems and make clear working thoughts,promoting standardization work of land and resources to a new level.Wang Min pointed out that the standardization work of land and resources should be centered on the basic principles of"protecting land and resources dutifully,intensively and economically utilizing land and resources,and making all-out efforts to safeguard the public’s rights and interests",highlighted the