基于眼动和生理信号的放疗软件用户界面设计要素可用性研究

目的 探究利用眼动和生理指标评价放射治疗软件操作系统用户界面可用性设计水平。方法 首先,通过专家咨询法在放射治疗软件操作系统用户界面选定了5个重要的用户界面设计要素,利用专家咨询为5个重要用户界面设计要素设计了2种不同风格的设计水平。其次,利用SPSS统计分析软件,通过正交设计实验法构建了8个放射治疗软件操作系统用户界面模型,用于实验测试。制定了具体的实验测试任务,并纳入了8个眼动指标和4个生理指标作为放射治疗软件操作系统用户界面可用性评估指标。招募了20名放射治疗技师作为实验测试者参与放射治疗软件操作系统用户界面可用性测试,并采集了眼动指标和生理指标数据用于放射治疗软件操作系统用户界面可用性评价。结果 皮肤导电性在8个不同页面中表现出了显著性统计学差异,适用于放射治疗软件操作系统用户界面可用性评价及建模;利用最小偏二乘回归法建立了放射治疗软件操作系统用户界面设计要素与皮肤导电性的可用性评估预测模型,并验证了模型的有效性。结论 该模型可有效用于放射治疗软件操作系统用户界面可用性评价、预测及优化设计改进。     

听觉界面与盲人用户手机界面

传统的人机界面容易导致视觉通道过载，同时对视觉有缺陷的人不适用。因而多通道的研究和应用日益得到重视。文章提出了基于多通道中可听化技术的一个具体实例——盲人用户手机界面，并详细讨论了盲人用户界面的具体实现方法。     

人机交互界面设计在产品可用性中的应用研究

目的研究人机交互界面设计在可用性中的应用方式。方法依据人机交互界面设计上的一些特点和优势,为更好地将人机交互界面在产品可用性中加以应用,分析了人机交互中的用户模型、用户界面模型、多通道交互信息整合、笔式交互技术、人机交互软件体系结构等内容。结论用户界面是产品设计中不可或缺的重要一环,从产品的外形和颜色上进行设计不但美观,还使用户和产品之间的交互产生良好的互动。     

人机交互中的视线跟踪技术

介绍视线跟踪技术的基本原理及其在人仙交互技术中的应用,并结合所进行的多通道用户界面的研究工作,阐述视线跟踪技术在多通道用户界面中的应用与相应的多通道整合方法。     

可用性测试中的视线追踪技术

由于人机交互过程中用户性质的变化和以用户为中心的设计（user-centered design,UCD）的兴起,可用性测试成为计算机类产品设计过程的重要环节。由于传统工效学测试方法普遍存在着主观性强,样本量小、外部效度低等问题,将视线追踪技术引入可用性测试领域,尤其是应用到视觉用户界面评估过程中,能显著提高可用性测试的客观性和有效性,并有助于揭示用户的认知加工过程。目前存在多种眼动测量指标,应根据不同测试情景和测试要求慎重选用。     

互动电视用户界面可用性研究综述

互动电视具有独特的交互特点,比如非持续注意力分配、多对一交互、遥控器与电子节目指南(EPG)相结合的交互方式等,使得互动电视的用户界面可用性具有相当的独特性。本文主要概述了近年来国内外关于互动电视的遥控器、EPG以及帮助系统等用户界面的可用性研究,并提出了将来互动电视的用户界面可用性研究不再局限在系统本身,而将更多地去关注用户体验相关的元素这一研究趋势。     

基于专家评估和用户测试的国产放疗设备的可用性研究

探究2种国产放疗设备用户界面可用性设计,识别其可用性问题及使用失误。采用专家现场评估和用户测试相结合的方法,从专家评估及用户操作主观体验角度,综合评价放疗设备的可用性设计。专家评估中,厂家A NPRTS加速器共发现47个可用性问题,启发式原则违例数186例;厂家B Hm-J-16-1加速器发现45个可用性问题,启发式原则违例数226例。患者摆位和出束治疗是可用性问题中较为集中的步骤,且出束治疗是风险最高的放疗步骤。测试人员操作厂家B Hm-J-16-1加速器的工作负荷高于操作厂家A NPRTS加速器的工作负荷,且测试者对厂家B Hm-J-16-1加速器的感知可用性也低于对厂家A NPRTS加速器的感知可用性。2种国产放疗设备用户界面的可用性设计还存在一定的缺陷,设备厂商应当进一步优化界面设计,增强设备使用的安全性和舒适性。     

诊查型用户界面可用性评价方法(IM)(上)--简介与评价

在软件设计早期,运用诊查型方法（Ｉｎｓｐｅｃｔｉｏｎ Ｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ,ＩＭ）对用户界面可用性进行及时的评价,有助于提高其可用性。章回顾了近年来的用户界面可用性评价方法的７种主要的诊查型评价方法,对各个方法进行了简要介绍与评价,力图使界面设计与评价人员能够在实际中加以运用,并注意它们各自的局限。     

一种分段动态数据压缩算法

动态测试系统动态范围(DRN)宽、测试精度高、通道数多、数据冗余大,针对基于数字信号处理器的动态测试系统的特点提出了分段动态数据压缩算法及其类C语言描述和应用实例。该算法实现动态线性压缩,其压缩和重构速度快且开销极很少,用于实时多通道数据采集与分析系统,还可用于语音通信等领域。     

运用FMEA的产品可用性评价方法

为解决现有方法只评价产品总体可用性的问题,提出了基于失效模式和效果分析(FMEA)的定量可用性评估方法。在常用可用性评估方法的基础上,通过对产品的任务集进行分析,并分别从有效性、效率和主观满意度对任务集进行评价,计算产品的可用性水平。手机可用性评价实例说明了所提方法的实施步骤,表明该方法是对传统可用性评价方法的有益补充。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.