系统参数对双阵测距性能的影响分析

本文利用有一定间距的两部声纳基阵提供的目标方位和时延差的信息,实现对目标的被动测距.文中建立了测距物理模型,给出了后置距离滤波算法.通过仿真实验验证了模型的有效性,并分析了两阵间距及时延差误差对测距的影响.     

封堵药包的作用机理研究

根据硐室爆破存在冲炮现象，设计了导硐封堵药包。利用封堵药包起爆产生的应力波和爆生气体作用于封堵材料，有效抑制和减少主爆药包爆炸能量的散失和冲炮现象的发生，从而改善爆破效果。本文给出封堵药包的合理位置、起爆时差和药量公式，并列举了工程实例。     

基于LabVIEW的相位式激光测距系统的软件设计与实现

针对传统应用CPLD,FPGA或ARM等嵌入式处理器的相位式激光测距系统,本文运用美国NI公司推出的"图形化"程序开发环境(LabVIEW),设计实现了基于LabVIEW的相位式激光测距系统的软件程序,用于对被测目标距离测量时的程序控制和数据处理。文章简述了相位式测距的基本原理及LabVIEW功能与实现,就相位式激光测距系统的程序控制和数据处理部分做了详细阐述,并给出了LabVIEW数据处理部分的相关测量仿真实验结果,为应用LabVIEW完成相位式激光测距的数据处理提供了一个可行的方案和参考。     

基于时幅转换插入法的脉冲激光测距

针对传统脉冲激光测距直接计数法精度低的问题,本文介绍用时幅转换插入法来提高脉冲激光测距时间测量分辨率和测距精度的原理和技术途径.提出了时幅转换电路设计中的几个关键问题.在脉冲激光测距实验平中对设计的时幅转换电路进行了性能测试实验.结果表明,时幅转换插入法将时间测量分辨率由10 ns 提高到20ps ,测距精度由1.5 m 提高到5 cm .最后分析了影响脉冲激光测距精度的误差因素.     

测量雷达的距离多普勒耦合修正方法研究

线性调频脉冲压缩体制的测量雷达,在探测运动目标时,由于距离-多普勒耦合效应的影响,多普勒频移会使雷达产生测距误差,且该误差与目标径向速度成正比。针对该问题,文章在分析多普勒频移对线性调频脉压影响的基础上,给出了距离多普勒耦合修正方法,并利用雷达实测数据进行了验证,有效提高了测量雷达的测距精度。     

一种实现目标定位与跟踪的新方法

本文介绍了一种采用圆周阵对目标声源进行被动定位和跟踪的方法，与线阵不同，圆四可对目标进行全方位跟踪，且测距精度不受目标方位变化的影响，文中给出了圆周阵的测距，测向公式，并从理论上分析了测距性能，计算机仿真结果验证了理论分析的正确性。     

交会对接测距敏感器远距离测量精度验证

本文提出一种飞船交会对接用测距敏感器地面实验远距离测距精度验证方法,即利用电子经纬仪工业测量系统对测距敏感器本体坐标系进行导出,通过控制点对其描述.通过坐标系转换将测距敏感器本体坐标系与高精度大地测量控制网进行坐标系统一.利用高精度全站仪对敏感器反射靶标进行坐标测量.对全站仪测量距离进行数学计算,与测距敏感器直接测量的结果进行比较,得到测距敏感器远距离测量精度.     

基于相似原理的新型双目测距法

针对当前各类测距方法的缺点和不足,提出了一种基于相似原理的新型双目测距法.介绍了该方法的原理,并推导了距离的计算公式.由于该计算公式不便于直接在工程中应用,又提出了一种实验方法来实现新型测距法的工程价值.为验证该方法的实用性,进行了两组实验.实验结果表明,该方法在中短距离上可以实现较高精度的测量.该方法成本低,适用于移动机器人的视觉测距系统,并可以使机器人同时获得望远镜和广角镜能力,提高了其感知世界的深度和广度.     

一元频谱干涉测距方法及其统计误差分析

讨论了一元频谱干涉的测距方法,详细分析了低噪声情况下一元频谱干涉测距方法的统计误差,确定了被测距离的统计误差同功率谱估计误差、反射信号功率与参考信号功率之比及被测距离三者的关系式,为频谱干涉类无线电定位,无线电测距及激光测距等精密仪器的方案设计提供了一定的理论依据。     

基于激光测距与单目测距系统的研究

本文主要研究基于激光补偿与机器视觉的测量系统,通过分析比较激光测距与机器视觉测量的基本原理,提出一种适应性广、精度高的测量技术,通常的机器视觉测量技术,需要对视频传感器进行参数标定,然后将待测物体放置在固定距离的待测台上,如果需要动态的测量具体的物体尺寸,就需要重新标定相应的参数,而激光测距正是测量这个距离非常的一种方法,通过激光测距与机器视觉测距．对相应的数据进行融合和补偿,就可以实现动态高精度测量物体尺寸。     

Precise recursive formula for calculating spot size in optical waveguides and accurate evaluation of splice loss

The spot size of a single-mode waveguide was defined from the viewpoint of a least-squares fit of the field profile to a Gaussian profile. The field profile was expanded in terms of Hermite-Gaussian functions, and a new precise recursive formula for calculating the spot size was derived. It was shown that our formula is equivalent to the best fitting of the offset coupling loss to that of a Gaussian profile and keeps its form against the Fourier transform that corresponds to the diffraction in the same manner as the Gaussian profile. The accuracy of conventional formulas and our new spot-size formula was compared with the exact value defined from the viewpoint of a least-squares fit to a Gaussian profile, and it was shown that our recursive formula is the most accurate of the approximate formulas. Next we proposed a new formula for calculating the splice loss between two waveguides and showed that our formula is more accurate than the conventional one, which involves only the spot size.     

基于频偏应答的ADCP流速现场校准方法研究

针对声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)现场校准困难的问题,介绍了一种基于频偏应答的ADCP流速现场校准方法。通过声信号应答器,设置回发信号相对于发射信号的频偏实现速度矢量的模拟,并以频率为溯源量,对ADCP发射的信号及应答器回发频偏信号进行频率校准,进而实现ADCP流速参数的现场校准。研制了一套基于频偏应答的ADCP流速现场校准装置,在实验室消声水池条件下,以四波束300kHz ADCP为校准对象,开展了1～2m/s的流速校准实验,进行不确定度分析。结果表明,该装置对流速校准的不确定度达到1％模拟流速＋7mm/s,验证了该校准方法的可行性。     

基于FPGA延迟线插入法的半导体激光测距

为了提高系统的集成度,同时兼顾精度,介绍用FPGA延迟线插入法采实现较高精度的脉冲激光测时、测距的原理和技术途径.FPGA延迟线插入法是在直接计数法的基础上,采用FPGA内部延时单元将时间间隔转化为数字量,经高速锁存器锁存后得到代表延时信息的温度计编码值来实现高分辨率的时间测量.提出了一种实用的高速时钟下(400 MHz)延迟线延时信息的锁存方法,并设计了FPGA时间数字转换电路及其延迟单元时间测量电路.测试结果表明,FPGA延迟线插入法可以将单点时间分辨率提高到80 ps,多次测量可达40 ps,对应距离分辨率为毫米级.将其应用于脉冲激光测距系统,进行了测距实验研究,给出了实验数据和测量误差分析,最终得到±10 cm的测距精度.     

Error Analysis and Its Offset on the NC Lathe Machine in Cutting a Semi-Sphere Surface

This paper analyzed the errors that occurred by leaving the shape of the cutting edge out of consideration on a NC lathe machine in cutting a semi-sphere surface and brought forward a method to offset these errors and the correct calculated formula for some parameters on the basis of experiments. It has increased the manufacturing accuracy of the semi-sphere surface on the NC lathe machine.     

Effect of clock offset on an impulse radio ultra wideband ranging system with comparators

Impulse radio ultra wideband (IR-UWB) can achieve high resolution in ranging because it uses a very short pulse with a duration of less than 1 ns. In order to reduce cost and power consumption, a ranging system with high-speed comparators has been proposed. In this system, it is necessary to reduce noise power through averaging the comparator outputs. The authors evaluate the effect of clock offset on the averaging process, and a two-stage averaging scheme for the IR-UWB ranging system is proposed. Through computer simulation, it is proved that the proposed scheme can reduce the effect of the clock offset with appropriate numbers of initial averaging.     

基于激光跟踪仪折射补偿的三维模体定位精度原位检测方法

提出了基于激光跟踪仪折射补偿的三维模体定位精度原位检测方法,建立了ADM和IFM测距误差补偿与靶球空间位置坐标求解模型,进行了理论模型验证实验与三维模体定位精度检测对比实验,实现了激光跟踪仪在玻璃介质下的高精度测量。实验结果表明:X、Y、Z坐标补偿前后的平均偏差分别由3.410mm、0.407mm、1.732mm减小到0.022mm、0.015mm、0.035mm,相邻点距离的平均偏差由0.266mm减小到0.017mm,与空气中激光跟踪仪的测量精度相当。在此基础上,以无玻璃遮挡的悬挂式检测方法为基准,两种方法测得的定位误差基本吻合。最后,利用蒙特卡洛法分析得到相邻点距离测量误差的标准差为0.012mm,满足检测要求。     

一种ABS齿圈参数检测系统误差校正方法研究

为了纠正ABS齿圈参数检测系统装夹机构旋转时轴承晃动等因素带来的误差,运用最小二乘法曲线拟合原理及空间三维直角坐标系仿射变换方法进行了误差校正。首先,对该方法进行理论分析,推导出系统坐标变换矩阵公式;其次,根据误差校正方法建立了数学模型,推导出变换后坐标计算公式,将测量坐标系中各参数代入变换公式,并计算出轮廓数据变换后坐标;最后,运用Matlab对模型进行了仿真实验。实验结果表明:校正后参数值与实际参数值之间偏差小于1 μm。解决了实际测量过程中各种误差带来的影响,提高了检测系统的测量精度。     

Distributed Brillouin sensor system based on offset locking of two distributed feedback lasers

An offset locking technique, which uses an external optical delay line to tune the distributed feedback (DFB) laser frequency and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller to lock the tuned frequency, is proposed for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, in the distributed Brillouin sensor system. This method provides large tuning range (greater than 1 GHz), high tuning speed (less than 100 mus per frequency step), and frequency tuning is independent of the laser frequency and power. The two DFB lasers are phase locked at the Brillouin frequency using a hardware PID controller. Using this offset locking with optical delay line, we demonstrated a high signal-to-noise ratio of 32 dB, which allows 1 m spatial resolution and better than 0.6 MHz frequency measurement accuracy (equivalent to 0.5 degrees C temperature resolution or 8 microepsilon strain resolution) over kilometers sensing length. The bias of the electro-optic modulator is controlled by a lock-in amplifier to provide high temperature or strain measurement accuracy.     

Time synchronization using the Internet

This paper discusses a new algorithm for synchronizing the clocks of networked computers using messages transmitted over the network itself. The design is based on a statistical model of the clock and the network, and uses this model to define the parameters of a frequency-lock loop which is used to discipline the local oscillator. The design was tested by synchronizing a standard workstation to a time server located 1200 km away; the time offset between the clock synchronized in this way and UTC is 2 ms rms. This analysis also can be used to design algorithms that provide lower accuracy at lower cost.     

Clock Synchronization Experiments Performed via the ATS-1 and ATS-3 Satellites

Clock synchronization experiments were carried out May 10 to June 10, 1971, by the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory via the ATS-1 and ATS-3 geostationary satellites between the NASA tracking stations at Rosman, N. C., and Mojave, Calif., in order to determine the offset and the relative drift rate between the two station clocks. Pulses at C band with very sharp rise time and of 10-?s duration were exchanged by the two stations through the dual transponders of the satellites. At each station, a time-interval counter was started by the transmitted pulse and stopped by the pulse received via satellite from the other station. The probable error of the clock offset as measured by the counter is 10 ns. A very long baseline interferometer (VLBI) experiment was also performed between the two stations at the same time and provided independent clock-offset data to check the accuracy of the time-synchronization experiment.