柔性机构时变可靠性分析的时变随机响应面法

针对柔性机构极限状态函数的时变、非线性和隐式问题,提出了柔性机构时变可靠性分析的一种新响应面法——时变随机响应面法。将模态综合法与广义混沌多项式方法相结合,建立时变随机响应面,用以描述在随机参数和刚柔耦合影响下,系统响应随时间变化的规律,并得到系统响应的统计特征。与仅用混沌多项式拟合系统响应相比,提高了计算效率。建立系统运动可靠性的时变可靠性模型,给出了时变可靠度的蒙特卡罗计算方法。以两连杆柔性机械臂为例,对方法的有效性进行了验证,结果与蒙特卡罗法相比,具有较高的计算精度。     

基于Kriging改进响应面法的桥梁地震动力可靠度研究

鉴于桥梁结构对地震响应的非线性和复杂性等问题,提出了基于Kriging改进响应面法的桥梁结构地震动力可靠度分析方法。首先利用Kriging模型的优越模拟性能,将其作为响应面函数,并采取自适应策略加以改进,而后采取线性过滤器脉冲响应法对地震随机激励荷载进行了离散,并基于首次超越问题的定义建立了动力可靠度极限状态方程,最后对桥梁结构的地震可靠度问题进行了分析。计算分析结果表明:提出的基于Kriging模型的改进响应面法能有效完成桥梁地震动力可靠度的计算分析(包括结构参数随机性对桥梁动力可靠度的影响),且结果具有较高的准确性和高效性。     

刚架的主要破坏机构和可靠度分析

本文介绍了塑性极限分析中的机构叠加法以及按照该方法编制的求解不同比例荷载下破坏机构与极限荷载的计算程序;通过计算绘出了双层双跨刚架的破坏机构分布图;利用功能函数对该刚架进行了可靠度分析。结果表明,利用主要破坏机构进行可靠度分析是简便而有效的。     

基于损伤的混凝土大坝可靠度分析

研究了基于损伤概念的混凝土结构可靠度分析方法。通过引入损伤边界面的概念,导出了包含损伤变量的四参数Hsieh-Ting-Chen边界面模型。在此基础上,构造了大体积混凝土结构对应于初始损伤边界面的极限状态方程。通过响应面法和有限元分析的结合,对功能函数进行了拟合,建立了可以用于复杂结构可靠度分析的有效模式。用该模式对一座混凝土重力坝进行了实例分析,得到了较为满意的结果。     

基于单变量分析的自适应响应面法

由于简便易行,响应面法在结构可靠度分析中获得了众多关注,其中尤以不考虑交叉项的二次响应面应用最为广泛。然而,对于与强非线性相对应的复杂极限状态曲面,二次响应面的近似精度显然不够,从而引起可靠度估计的较大误差。虽然理论上高次响应面法可以解决这一问题,但待定系数的急剧增长导致计算效率降低甚至无法实现。为此,该文以多变量函数的单变量分析为基础,提出了一种合理确定高次响应面形式的算法,可以有效地减少响应面中待定系数的数量,降低了计算的困难,并且针对可能出现的问题提出了改进措施;此外,基于数论选点策略,发展了一类适用于响应面法的数论选点方案。最后,通过算例分析对建议算法进行验证,结果表明该算法具有较好的精度和效率。     

包含突变过程的结构时变可靠度的概率密度演化方法及其应用

结构的局部破坏或加固均会引起性能突变,导致结构功能函数严重不连续,从而增加可靠度分析的难度。为此,该文拟在概率密度演化理论的框架内建立突变结构的时变可靠度分析方法。首先,引入Heaviside函数建立了突变结构时变功能函数的统一表达式;其次,基于此表达式推导了突变结构承载力裕量的广义密度演化方程,本质上该方程为包含无穷系数的分段偏微分方程,数值求解困难;再次,针对该方程的形式解析解引入Dirac#x003b4;序列算法,为承载力裕量概率密度函数的获取提供了可行的方法;然后,给出了突变结构时变可靠度分析的一维积分公式,建立了包含突变过程的时变可靠度分析的概率密度演化方法;最后,将其应用于改造加固结构的时变可靠度分析,并以一个简单的悬臂梁破坏-加固算例验证了建议算法的可行性,且通过与MonteCarlo法的对比验证了建议方法的高效性和准确性。     

改进响应面法计算钢筋混凝土框架体系可靠度

钢筋混凝土框架结构体系可靠度是评定结构抗震性能的重要指标,也是对既有结构进行加固的评估基础。以框架底层柱端极限弯矩承载力作为参考变量可有效评估框架结构体系可靠度,该方法采用Pushover静力推覆分析,通过研究框架结构底层柱端极限弯矩承载能力对Pushover曲线的影响规律,由Pushover曲线上的基准点推广得到结构失效响应面,从而计算出结构体系可靠度。应用该方法对一榀钢筋混凝土框架进行了体系可靠度计算,计算结果与直接响应面法和蒙特卡洛法分析结果进行对比,结果表明,该方法计算快捷,且能够很好地评估出框架体系抗震可靠度。     

风驱雨荷载作用下鞍形膜结构动力响应及可靠度研究

通过有限元数值模拟和风洞试验对鞍形膜结构在风驱雨荷载作用下的动力响应及其结构可靠度进行研究。采用Workbench软件中的Mechanical APDL模块与Fluent模块建立鞍形膜结构在风驱雨荷载作用下的模型,将该模型导入ANSYS AUTODYN软件中求解得到动力响应曲线。基于气弹相似理论制作了试验模型,并对试验模型进行风驱雨动力加载试验,从而得到其膜面不同特征点在不同工况下的动力响应数据。通过蒙特卡洛法对数值模拟和试验的动力响应数据进行求解,得到鞍形膜结构的可靠指标。此外,讨论了风雨荷载组合、预张力和矢跨比对鞍形膜结构动力响应与可靠度的影响。将试验与数值模拟进行对比分析,数值模拟结果与试验结果较为吻合。研究发现：风驱雨荷载会使膜结构产生显著的非线性振动,通过增大鞍形膜结构的预张力和矢跨比可有效减小振动响应;在不同参数之间,矢跨比对膜结构可靠度的影响更为显著。论文的研究方法和结果可以为膜结构非线性动力响应研究和基于可靠度理论的膜结构设计提供参考。     

基于状态空间响应面方法的结构系统可靠度分析

提出一种在有限元分析中判定结构系统是否失效的准则。实例验证该准则具有较高的可信度。依据该准则经有限元分析可确定样本点所在的状态空间。建立起一种重构结构功能函数的统一方法:状态空间响应面方法,解决了一般响应面方法不能求解输出变量不连续分布的问题。该方法以样本点距离失效空间和可靠空间的距离之差作为样本点的输出变量。数值仿真实例表明该方法有一定的广泛性并具有较高的精度。     

基于Goodman—Smith图的叶盘结构抗共振可靠度计算

为了更准确的描述叶盘结构共振疲劳失效的极限状态以及完成叶盘结构抗共振可靠度的计算,提出了一种基于Goodman-Smith线图的叶盘结构抗共振可靠度的计算方法。通过有限元仿真计算,由对危险点在不同频率激励下的所得到的应力样本,拟合了最大及平均应力关于频率比的函数,瞽根据Goodman疲劳强度设计判据建立了叶盘结构共振疲劳失效的极限方程。选取了材料属性、载荷等随机输入参数,通过模态概率分析拟合了极限方程的响应面,得到了其对输入参数的灵敏度,井计算了结构的抗共振可靠度。     

Adaptive surrogate model coupled with stochastic configuration network strategies for time-dependent reliability assessment

Time-dependent reliability assessment is crucial in enhancing product development economics and product performance sustainability throughout the lifecycle. It is still a challenge to accurately and efficiently evaluate the time-dependent reliability of engineering systems. This paper proposes a novel adaptive surrogate model method combining stochastic configuration network (SCN) and Kriging strategies to evaluate time-dependent reliability. SCN has accurate approximation ability and learning efficiency for strongly nonlinear systems that can overcome the conventional time-dependent reliability calculation, which is time-consuming and characterized by low accuracy. The proposed method first applies SCN to establish the response model of the performance function with respect to time and obtain the extreme value of the performance function. Then, Kriging is used to establish the extreme value model of the performance function with respect to the random variables based on the extreme value of performance function. The adaptive process considering the characteristics of random variables samples is adopted to update the extreme value model until the model meets the confidence target. Lastly, Monte Carlo simulation is employed for time-dependent reliability assessment based on the established extreme value model. Three example studies are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for time-dependent reliability assessment.     

Structural reliability assessment by salp swarm algorithm–based FORM

The first-order reliability method (FORM) is well recognized as an efficient approach for reliability analysis. Rooted in considering the reliability problem as a constrained optimization of a function, the traditional FORM makes use of gradient-based optimization techniques to solve it. However, the gradient-based optimization techniques may result in local convergence or even divergence for the highly nonlinear or high-dimensional performance function. In this paper, a hybrid method combining the Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) and FORM is presented. In the proposed method, a Lagrangian objective function is constructed by the exterior penalty function method to facilitate meta-heuristic optimization strategies. Then, SSA with strong global optimization ability for highly nonlinear and high-dimensional problems is utilized to solve the Lagrangian objective function. In this regard, the proposed SSA-FORM is able to overcome the limitations of FORM including local convergence and divergence. Finally, the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed SSA-FORM are compared with two gradient-based FORMs and several heuristic-based FORMs through eight numerical examples. The results show that the proposed SSA-FORM can be generally applied for reliability analysis involving low-dimensional, high-dimensional, and implicit performance functions.     

Reliability-based evaluation of automotive wind noise quality

This paper proposes an efficient method for the reliability analysis of a vehicle body–door subsystem with respect to an important quality issue—wind noise. A nonlinear seal model is constructed for the automotive wind noise problem and the limit state function is evaluated using finite element analysis. A multi-modal adaptive importance sampling (AIS) method is developed for reliability analysis at system level, to improve the efficiency of the Monte Carlo simulation. The method can easily handle implicit and time-dependent limit-state functions, with variables of any statistical distributions. Existing analytical as well as simulation-based methods are also investigated to solve the car door wind noise problem. It is demonstrated through this industrial application problem that the multi-modal AIS method is superior to existing methods in terms of efficiency and accuracy. A generalized framework for reliability estimation is then established for series system reliability problems with large numbers of random variables and complicated, implicit limit states.     

结构二次二阶矩可靠度指标的回归分析预测算法

针对具有强非线性结构功能函数的可靠度指标计算问题,通过数值抽样及回归分析方法对改进的功能函数二阶展开形式进行了系统研究,揭示了二次二阶矩可靠度指标#x003b2;_SORM与一次二阶矩可靠度指标#x003b2;_FORM之间的关系规律。根据上述规律结合线抽样MonteCarlo法,建立了基于回归分析预测算法的可靠度分析方法。该方法通过对若干基本抽样点的回归分析,确定了#x003b2;_SORM与#x003b2;_FORM之间一般关系规律的具体表达式,从而实现了强非线性可靠度问题的高精度求解。研究表明:所建立的方法能够有效改善传统二阶可靠度算法计算过程繁琐、求解效率低下的问题;在求解精度、适用范围及算法稳定性等方面具有优势;且计算直观简便,易于为一般设计人员掌握,更适合于实际工程应用。     

Modeling reliability with a two-sided power distribution

Modeling the reliability of a system typically involves the piecewise combination of mathematically disparate functions covering distinct periods (e.g., decreasing, constant, and increasing time-dependent failure rates defining the traditional bathtub curve) in the life of an engineered system. This work explores the two-sided power distribution, a nonlinear extension of the triangular distribution, for describing failure time and rendering a statistically valid bathtub curve with a single probability density function. The parameters of the two-sided power distribution also provide some flexibility to describe decreasing and increasing failure rates with a single distribution that are not available with similar distributions.     

Reliability and redundancy apportionment using crisp and fuzzy multiobjective optimization approaches

The reliability of a multistage system with several components in each stage can be improved either by using more reliable components, or by adding redundant components in parallel in any stage. In many practical situations where reliability enhancement is involved, the decision making is complicated because of the presence of several mutually conflicting goals. For example, in the reliability based design of a system, the designer may be required to maximize the reliability and minimize the cost, weight or volume. This work considers the problem of reliability allocation for multistage systems with components having time-dependent reliability. Two multiobjective optimization techniques are presented, coupled with heuristic procedures, to solve the mixed integer nonlinear programming problems. A generalization of the problem in the presence of vague information results in an ill-structured reliability apportionment problem. The solution of such multiobjective problems is also presented in the present work using the techniques of fuzzy optimization.     

在氯侵蚀和混凝土碳化环境下用时变可靠度和预后验决策优化桥梁检修制度

基于作者用Monte Carlo法和回归分析法开发的计算在氯侵蚀和混凝土碳化情况下混凝土梁的抗力退化随机过程的软件,用Bayes公式和桥梁检查结果更新桥梁退化状态,考虑桥梁检修的货币收益或更一般的能反映业主的财政承受能力和风险规避心理的效益函数,用预后验决策分析法给出了桥梁检查的期望效益,并以期望效益最大来优化桥梁检修制度。用北京一座混凝土梁桥为例,考虑恒载随机变量和两个Poisson随机过程活载作用下跨中抗弯承载能力极限状态,以设计基准期内任意时段的时变结构可靠度不低于桥梁设计规范的目标可靠度为条件,对这种桥梁检修制度进行优化。结果表明:用效益函数优化时,业主的财政承受能力和风险规避心理能给出明显不同的桥梁检修制度。     

基于修正混沌控制的一次二阶矩可靠度算法

在结构可靠度指标的求解中,HL-RF迭代算法由于其格式简单,效率高被广泛应用到一次二阶矩计算中。然而该方法仅适用于功能函数非线性程度低的情况,当功能函数非线性程度较高时,HL-RF算法常会出现混沌、振荡和周期解的现象,甚至导致不收敛。该文在混沌控制理论的基础上提出了一种新的修正的混沌控制算法来控制迭代过程中产生的振荡。该方法在保留基于混沌控制方法稳健性的同时提高了计算效率,并对迭代过程中振荡现象引入了一种新的判据。当迭代过程逐渐收敛到最可能失效点时,采用经典的HL-RF算法;当检测到振荡时,采用基于修正混沌控制的迭代算法。算例结果表明:基于修正混沌控制的迭代算法能有效解决迭代中的振荡问题,与经典的HL-RF算法相比,该算法具备效率和稳健性方面的优势。     

基于裂纹扩展尺寸概率密度演化法的疲劳可靠性预测方法研究

疲劳破坏是金属构件的一种主要破坏形式。该文提出一种新的疲劳可靠性预测方法—裂纹扩展尺寸概率密度演化法,该方法通过求解裂纹扩展尺寸时变概率密度函数来预测疲劳寿命可靠性。首先建立随机裂纹扩展模型,然后根据此模型建立概率密度演化方程,并运用数值方法进行求解。最后的算例证明了裂纹扩展尺寸的概率密度函数具有演化特征,新方法计算结果与蒙特卡罗法的结果符合较好。