基于正交小波包的瞬时频率检测

本分析了瞬时信号及噪声的时频特性和小波变换特性。根据小波包变换具有的优良时频分析能力,通过引入阈值熵来定量地描述瞬时信号在时频空间中的分布。理论分析和实验结果表明本方法简单,可靠,且易于检测。     

基于Gammatone滤波器组与子带瞬时频率的水声目标特征提取

水声目标识别是现代海战中的关键环节,具有重要的军事应用价值。针对海洋环境的复杂性及多变性,文章以模仿人耳听觉感知机理为基础,提出了基于伽玛通（Gammatone）频率瞬时幅频系数的特征提取方法。该方法通过Gammatone滤波器组模拟人耳基底膜对信号的分解、处理过程,在各子带输出信号中提取目标的子带瞬时频率特征,并与传统的瞬时幅度特征相结合,从而更加全面地反映目标的固有属性。利用支持向量机对四类实测水声目标辐射噪声数据进行了识别实验,结果表明,文章的特征提取算法能够较好地抑制噪声,具有较强的鲁棒性。     

On the use of the warblet transform for instantaneous frequency estimation

A new digital signal processing method for instantaneous frequency estimation is proposed here. The attention is mainly paid to signals whose instantaneous frequency trajectories exhibit a periodic evolution versus time. Thanks to an optimized use of the warblet transform, the method assures superior accuracy and resolving capability with respect to other solutions already available in the literature, thus showing itself very attractive in the presence of multicomponent signals characterized by instantaneous frequency trajectories extremely similar and very close to one another. Theoretical notes regarding the warblet transform and its optimized use in the framework of the proposed method are first given. Then, the fundamental steps of the method are described in detail with references to a clarifying example. The results of a number of experiments on emulated and actual signals, aimed at assessing the performance of the method, are finally presented.     

基于多普勒频移的水下运动目标测距技术

研究了基于多普勒频移的水下运动目标测距的方法及关键技术,采用了基于Hilbert变换的信号平稳化方法,结合频率匹配和PMTM多锥度法功率谱估计改善处理增益并提高线谱的短时频率估计精度,并结合几何模型及频率导数求解目标斜距。对算法进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,算法正确可行,在谱级信噪比不低于10dB条件下能有效提高被动式水下运动目标测距的精度。最后给出一个应用实例。     

基于生成微分方程的行星齿轮箱故障振动信号解调分析

行星齿轮箱振动信号具有明显的调制特点,幅值解调和频率解调分析能够有效提取其中的故障信息。生成微分方程(GDE)方法可以估计调制信号的幅值包络和瞬时频率,实现解调分析,但该方法需要信号满足单分量要求。实际行星齿轮箱振动信号通常由复杂多分量成分组成,为实现信号的幅值解调和频率解调分析,应用经验模式分解(EMD)将信号分解为单分量本质模式函数,基于生成微分方程计算瞬时频率和幅值包络,根据瞬时频率的波动特点选择本质模式函数作为敏感分量,由敏感分量的包络谱和瞬时频率的Fourier频谱识别故障特征频率。通过行星齿轮箱故障模拟实验数据分析验证了解调分析方法的效果。     

基于改进峰值搜索法的旋转机械瞬时频率估计

提出了一种用于提取转子瞬时频率的改进峰值搜索法,并将该方法应用于旋转机械阶比跟踪。改进的峰值搜索法将瞬时频率中相邻两点一阶导数的差值作为搜索峰值是否合理的判别条件,避免了传统峰值搜索法在干扰信号作用下提取到的虚假峰值,提高了瞬时频率的估计精度。仿真实验表明,改进的峰值搜索法能够降低干扰信号对瞬时频率提取的影响,效果优于传统的峰值搜索法。用该方法对实测转子升速振动信号进行阶比分析,取得了良好的效果。     

基于ASTFA和SDEO解调的行星齿轮箱故障诊断方法

针对行星齿轮箱故障信号的调制特点,提出基于自适应最稀疏时频分析(Adaptive and Sparsest TimeFrequency Analysis,ASTFA)和对称差分能量算子(Symmetric Difference Energy Operator,SDEO)相结合的解调方法,用于提取故障信号的瞬时幅值和瞬时频率信息。采用ASTFA方法分解行星齿轮箱故障信号,得到若干个单分量信号,采用SDEO进行解调,得到各单分量信号的瞬时幅值和瞬时频率,并计算得到包络谱。采用该方法分析行星齿轮箱故障仿真信号和故障实际信号,结果表明,该方法能准确地提取故障特征,实现行星齿轮箱故障诊断。     

调频初相位补偿的广义Warblet变换时频分析

信号时频分析的长时间窗时频分析法通常可提高输出信噪比和频率分辨率,但对于调频信号,会降低线谱时频能量聚集度并影响瞬时频率估计。对于调频信号广义Warblet变换(Generalized Warblet Transform,GWT),具有较短时傅里叶变换(Short Time Fourier Transform,STFT)更优的时频分析性能,但在长时间窗分析时,调频初相位估计误差会使算法性能下降甚至失效。针对该问题,提出调频初相位补偿的GWT(Frequency Modulation Initial Phase CompensationGWT,FMIPC-GWT)时频分析方法。在调频参数估计时将一半时间窗长所经过的相位补偿到调频初相位中,提高调频参数估计的准确性以增加瞬时频率估计精度。仿真和实验数据验证了,相比STFT法和GWT法,FMIPC-GWT法对于非线性调频信号时频分析性能更优。FMIPC-GWT法在调频信号线谱检测与瞬时频率估计等方面具有应用前景。     

基于小波包的调频波解调软件方法

提出了基于小波包的调频波解调方法 ,通过对各种调频信号进行时频分析 ,给出了信号的时间—频率谱图 ,能有效地检测到瞬时频率和获取调频信息 ,该方法可广泛应用于动态测试和软件无线电等领域     

Fringe-density estimation by continuous wavelet transform

For many phase extraction algorithms, a priori knowledge of a fringe-pattern density distribution is beneficial for later processing. A fringe-density estimation method based on a continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is proposed. For a one-dimensional signal the instantaneous frequency detected at the CWT ridge is directly adopted as a measure of the local fringe density. For a two-dimensional signal the instantaneous frequency components in both the x and the y directions are detected. Their reliability is evaluated by the CWT coefficient magnitude, based on which an approximate density value is given. The capability for noise reduction and the accuracy of the method are discussed.