共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
目的 介绍食品接触用聚乳酸(PLA)的降解行为及其中的化学物质的迁移情况,为食品接触用PLA的安全性和环保性,以及完善相关法规提供资料.方法 对PLA的特性,食品接触用PLA中重金属、添加剂和低聚物的迁移,PLA及其复合材料的降解等方面进行分析和总结.结果 PLA不仅有与传统塑料一样的安全隐患,还具有其自身降解产物迁移带来的安全问题.PLA的降解性受到多种因素的影响,除了受到自身性质的影响,还与共聚物的性质有关.结论 目前食品接触用PLA仍存在多种挑战,随着食品接触用PLA越来越广泛的应用,对其安全性和环保性进行深入研究非常必要. 相似文献
2.
为提高聚乳酸(PLA)的降解性,将竹纤维(BF)和海藻酸钠(SA)与PLA共混制备复合材料,并进行土壤降解试验以探究其降解性能,检测降解后复合材料的质量损失率、表面微观结构、官能团变化、热性能和结晶度等指标。结果表明:SA和BF均可提升PLA复合材料降解的质量损失率。降解21天后,BF/PLA和SA-BF/PLA复合材料的质量损失率分别为0.83%和2.54%,相较于纯PLA的0.11%分别提高了7.55和23.09倍。降解后,SA-BF/PLA复合材料的表面出现大量的裂痕与凹陷,这增大了复合材料与土壤中的接触面积,进而加速了复合材料的降解。纯PLA在降解过程中质量损失率很低,但降解后其羰基含量明显上升,表明土壤降解会导致部分PLA长链高分子断裂为小分子。相比于纯PLA,BF/PLA和SA-BF/PLA复合材料的结晶度大幅度降低,表明SA和BF可降低PLA复合材料的结晶度,提高其降解性。由此可见,SA和BF可提升PLA复合材料的降解性能。此研究结果将为高降解性PLA复合材料的制备提供理论参考。 相似文献
3.
为了改善聚乳酸的降解速率,提高其与细胞的亲和性,氨基酸对聚乳酸的改性研究引起了人们的关注。综述了聚(乳酸-氨基酸)共聚物的各种合成路线及产物降解性能的研究进展。在聚乳酸(PLA)分子中引入氨基酸,可以使产物的大分子侧链获得氨基、羟基、羧基等活性基团。与PLA相比,此类聚合物的降解性能有所提高,具有两亲性和良好的细胞相容性,可用于药物缓释体系及组织工程。 相似文献
4.
5.
目的研究纳米纤维素/聚乳酸(NCC/PLA)复合薄膜在不同降解条件下的降解情况。方法在p H值为3,7,11的溶液及紫外光照射条件下,降解自制的复合薄膜,通过测失重率、扫描电子显微镜观察、X射线光电子能谱分析等手段,分析p H值、光照和NCC的添加与复合材料降解能力间的关系,研究其降解机理,并与纯PLA薄膜对比。结果 NCC/PLA复合薄膜在碱性条件下质量损失最快,酸性稍慢,中性更慢,紫外光照射下最慢,复合薄膜质量损失均比纯PLA薄膜多。在p H值为3和7的溶液及紫外光照射降解后,NCC/PLA复合薄膜氧碳原子数量的比值均比未降解时增大,分别提高了35.16%,36.66%,38.65%。结论 NCC的添加提高了NCC/PLA复合薄膜的降解性能,在不同降解过程中,薄膜表面C原子所占比例减少,相对地O原子所占比例增加,氧碳原子数量的比值增大。 相似文献
6.
7.
通过注射成型工艺制备竹纤维/聚乳酸(BF/PLA)可生物降解复合材料。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、三维视频显微镜及扫描电镜(SEM)等分析手段研究了BF/PLA复合材料自然降解性能。研究结果表明:BF/PLA复合材料自然降解过程中BF首先降解,PLA逐步分层缓慢降解,复合材料质量逐渐减少;PLA分子链上酯基与水反应,分子链不断断裂,结晶度减小,平均分子量降低,分子量分布变窄;复合材料颜色变深,表面变得粗糙不平,部分裸露的BF清晰可见,其拉伸强度和冲击强度逐渐下降。12个月后,BF/PLA复合材料质量损失率达到8.87%,PLA重均分子量降低了25.9%,复合材料的冲击强度和拉伸强度分别降低了44.0%和43.8%。BF/PLA可生物降解复合材料在土壤中的自然降解效率较低。 相似文献
8.
PLA的酸性降解及其机理分析 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
目的研究PLA在酸性条件下降解及其机理。方法通过在酸性水溶液中降解不同时间,得到一系列不同相对分子质量的PLA,利用黏度法、凝胶色谱以及红外光谱对PLA的降解机理进行研究。结果 PLA的数均分子量随降解时间的增加逐渐减小,失重率和降解率逐渐升高,在降解23 d后,产物的数均分子量从4050降至2490,失重率从9.9%升至75.1%,降解率从98.3%提高至99.0%。降解过程中,PLA的相对分子质量分布系数基本保持不变,一直维持在1.25左右。结论在降解过程中,酯键的断裂是PLA初步降解的主要方式,H+浓度的升高有利于催化酯键的断裂,加剧PLA降解。 相似文献
9.
用不同质量分数的1-乙酸乙酯基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([AOEMIM][BF4])与聚乳酸(PLA)熔融共混,制得[AOEMIM][BF4]/PLA共混物。通过分析共混前后PLA数均相对分子质量(Mn)的变化及共混物在PBS缓冲液中的质量损失率、黏均相对分子质量和溶液pH值的变化,研究了[AOEMIM][BF4]对PLA熔融加工稳定性的影响及共混物的降解性能;考察了共混物降解液对小鼠的急性毒性。结果显示,PLA经过熔融加工后,其Mn降低了16.7%,[AOEMIM][BF4]的加入可使Mn的变化减小,对加工过程具有稳定作用;在降解初期,共混物的黏均相对分子质量迅速减小,降解液的pH值由7.4下降到3.0;共混物的降解随[AOEMIM][BF4]添加量的增加而加速;其降解液对小鼠无明显毒性。 相似文献
10.
以聚乳酸(PLA)和骨粉为原料,利用超声波分散技术,采用溶液共混法制备PLA/骨粉杂化材料。通过FT-IR,DSC,SEM等测试手段对相关产物进行表征。结果显示,骨粉在PLA基质中分散均匀,与PLA基质间以氢键结合,相容性良好。与PLA相比,PLA/骨粉的耐温性能明显提高。杂化材料在37℃的生理盐水中的降解试验结果表明,PLA/骨粉杂化材料降解12周后,呈三维立体支架结构,利于血管及骨细胞黏附长入。此外,由于骨粉的引入,使PLA降解的酸性产物在一定的程度上得到中和,可以减小因PLA酸性过高引发的炎症反应,便于细胞增殖和组织修复。 相似文献
11.
A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling. 相似文献
12.
O'Brien RS 《Radiation protection dosimetry》2003,105(1-4):95-100
Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides. 相似文献
13.
An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a
rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate
agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data. 相似文献
14.
V. T. Bublik A. I. Voronin E. A. Vygovskaya V. F. Ponomarev N. Yu. Tabachkova O. V. Toropova 《Inorganic Materials》2011,47(14):1563-1568
An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi2Se0.3Te2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal
expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological
fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained
using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied. 相似文献
15.
16.
V. Ya. Fateev 《Measurement Techniques》2011,54(7):774-780
Different constructions of the sensing elements of radio-frequency level sensors based on sections of long lines are numerically
investigated by means of the Matlab program for the purpose of minimizing the measurement error caused by the nonlinearity
of the output characteristic. It is shown that the nonlinearity is lowest for U-shaped designs. The nonlinearity factor KN
may be regulated by varying the capacitance of a correcting capacitor connected to the input of the sensing element and (or)
the length of one of the sections of the long line. In selecting an optimal capacitance of the correcting capacitor KN ≤ 0.15%
for control media with dielectric permittivity in the range 2.2–30. 相似文献
17.
We analyze the possibilities of decreasing the errors of measuring the height of the pole of a sessile drop of melt above its equator by determining the position of the equator according to the midpoints of vertical chords of the image of the drop. The optimal distance between these chords and the edge of the image of the drop is chosen within 10–20% of the radius of the equator. The proposed method guarantees the same level of errors of evaluation of the height of the pole and the radius of the equator, which enables one to substantially increase the accuracy of evaluation of the capillary constant and the surface energy of the melt according to the geometric parameters of the sessile drop. 相似文献
18.
Liebert A Wabnitz H Grosenick D Möller M Macdonald R Rinneberg H 《Applied optics》2003,42(28):5785-5792
A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue. 相似文献
19.
20.