FCC油浆芳烃富集前后的反应性

利用族组成分析和FT-IR，^1H-NMR、^13C-NMR对比了FCC油浆芳烃富集前后合成苯甲醛（BA）系B阶沥青树脂的反应性。整体FCC油浆饮和分含量高，芳烃取代基长短不一，体系分子组成复杂，均匀性差，空间位阻大；而溶剂萃取的FCC油浆富芳烃馏分中，长直链取代基极少，体系分子组成相对简单，分子均匀性较好，空间位阻小，因而反应性大于整体FCC油浆。溶剂富集芳烃提高了FCC油浆的反应性，并且抽余油又是回炼的优质原料，提供了FCC油浆综合利用的新途径。     

超临界甲醇中PBT的分解行为研究

在超临界甲醇中考察了反应温度，反应压力对聚对苯二甲酸二丁酯（PBT）的分解及单体对苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMT）收率的影响，在此基础上对PBT熔点前后的反应速度常数进行了求解，PBT的分解效果以DMT单体的生成量评价，并采用气相色谱和凝胶色谱（GPC）对液相产物的组成进行分析。结果表明：随反应温度的增加，单体对苯二甲酸二甲酯的回收率增加，250℃，10min时可达92%；反应压力对PBT的分解几乎无影响；在PBT熔点以上，分解反应速度常数明显增大，分解反应速度显著提高；熔点以上进行反应时，分解产物中低聚物的分子量降低，单体收率增加。     

中间相沥青的聚合动力学及组分控制（英文）

增加中间相沥青中吡啶可溶物含量对于提高其可纺性具有重要意义。本研究以萘系各向同性沥青为原料,使用直接热缩聚合成中间相沥青,分析了聚合产物族组成随时间的变化;结合偏光显微镜和元素分析结果,研究了聚合温度、时间和原料组成对中间相沥青合成反应的影响;并用连串反应模型计算了反应动力学常数。结果表明,400℃预聚10 h后,430℃下反应20 h得到族组成分布相对均一的沥青。中间相沥青合成反应具有很明显的加速效应,即重组分的反应速度常数较轻组分大。在合成反应后期,随着沥青分子量增加,其反应速率也越来越快。因此起始组成、反应温度与时间对族组成的分布有决定性的影响。     

新型钼（VI）系配合物催化烯丙醇聚合反应研究

合成出一种新型Mo（Ⅵ）系配合物MoO2Cl2（MePhzPO）2，并用IR、1H-NMR对其结构进行表征。首次报道以MoO2Cl2（MePh2PO）2为催化剂，叔丁基过氧化氢（TBHP）为氧源，催化烯丙醇的直接聚合反应，产物为2，3-环氧-1-丙醇低聚物。此反应体系条件温和，易于控制；IR、1H—NMR及LC-MS的分析结果说明产物为低聚物。考察了单体与催化剂的比例、反应温度、反应时间、溶剂及氧源等对聚合反应及产物分子量的影响：甲苯是该反应的最佳溶剂；以甲苯为溶剂，反应温度80℃，反应时间4h，催化剂／烯丙醇／TBHP（摩尔比）为1／200／200，此时产物分子量可达到666。     

自蔓延高温合成法制备TiB2/TiC复合陶瓷

以Ti、B4C和C粉末为原料，采用自蔓延高温合成与同时致密化工艺（SHS/PHIP）制备合成了不同原料配比的TiC-TiB2复合陶瓷，确定了反应原料的最佳配比为：Ti:B4C=3:1（摩尔比），X射线及SEM分析表明，制备的产物纯净，无中间相的出现，而且由于TiC/2TiB2复合陶瓷组织中长条形状TiB2相的存在，使得该材料的力学性能得到了提高。     

对苯二甲酸与乙二醇反应机理的量子化学研究

用从头算理论的Hartree-Fock（HF）方法，在3～21g基组水平上研究了以盐酸为催化剂对苯二甲酸与乙二醇反应的微观机理，优化了反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的几何构型，并分别计算了它们的能量。振动分析结果证实了中间体和过渡态的正确性，内禀反应坐标（IRC）计算结果进一步确认了反应路径。在3—21g基组水平上计算了它们的能量。反应机理研究结果显示，对苯二甲酸与乙二醇反应过程可分为以下步骤①1A＋HCl→TSl→M1＋CI^-②M1＋2B→TS2→M2→TS3→M3＋H2O③M3＋Cl^-→TS4→M＋HCl。反应活化能分别为0．85kJ／mol；105．91kJ／mol；202．64kJ／mol；85．91kJ／mol。通过比较各步反应的活化能可以看出，反应通道M2→TS3→M3＋H2O的活化能最高，因此对苯二甲酸与乙二醇反应的速率是由本控制步骤决定的，这与实验结果相吻合。     

Al含量对热爆合成Al-Ti-C组织及细化性能的影响

为改善Al-Ti-C中间合金的晶粒细化性能,采用铝液中热爆合成法制备出用于铝及铝合金晶粒细化的Al-Ti-C中间合金.通过DTA、XRD和SEM等手段分析了Al含量对热爆反应过程及合成产物组织形态的影响,并比较了Al-Ti-C中间合金对工业纯铝的细化效果.结果表明,铝液中热爆合成的Al-Ti-C中间合金由Al、Al3Ti、TiC三相组成,Al含量对反应体系的合成温度、反应速度及合成产物组织产生重要影响.调整原料Al含量可有效控制中间合金中第二相粒子组织形态,获得良好的晶粒细化性能.     

MnOOH纳米棒的低温水热合成

以KMnO4和N4（CH2）6为主要原料，在130℃反应16h，水热法制备了MnOOH纳米棒，并利用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）等手段对产物进行了表征．探索了KMnO4和N4（CH2）6间的摩尔比以及反应温度对合成产物的影响．实验结果表明：产物为具有单斜结构的MnOOH纯相，形貌为棒状，呈现单晶特性．     

1-氨基-3-十二烷基-1，2，3-三唑硝酸盐的合成研究

以乙二醛、水合肼及溴代十二烷为原料,经加成-消除、环化、烷基化、复分解4步反应得到1-氨基-3-十二烷基-1,2,3-三唑硝酸盐。通过核磁、红外、质谱等分析手段对目标产物进行了结构表征。探索并优化了加成-消除、环化和烷基化反应条件。各步反应的最佳条件为：加成-消除反应中,n（水合肼）n（乙二醛）n（甲醇）＝319,70℃反应5 h,收率为90．3％;环化反应中,m（二氧化锰）m（乙二腙）＝21,20℃反应3h,收率为88．2％;烷基化反应中,n（1-氨基-1,2,3-三唑）n（溴代十二烷）＝11．5,80℃反应40h,收率为64．5％;复分解反应易进行且得率高,反应3．5h,产率为80．4％,目标产物总收率为41．3％。     

天然纤维素均相对甲苯磺酰化研究

以二甲基乙酰胺（DMAc）／LiCl为溶剂体系、以三乙胺（TEA）为催化剂，将完全溶解的不同种类的天然纤维素原料和对甲苯磺酰氯（Tos—Cl）在均相条件下进行对甲苯磺酰化反应。优化了反应条件．对产品进行了元素分析、红外光谱分析和X射线衍射分析。研究了纤维素葡萄糖残基与对甲幕磺酰氯的摩尔比、纤维素原料（软木纤维素，棉纤维素以及蒸汽闪爆处理的软木纤维素、棉纤维素）种类及溶解方法对合成产物取代度的影响。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.