面向汽车轻量化应用的碳纤维复合材料关键技术

轻量化技术已成为汽车实现节能、减排的重要途径,碳纤维复合材料为汽车轻量化提供了重要材料基础。由于材料特性与制造工艺的特殊性与复杂性,采用碳纤维复合材料实现汽车轻量化时需要克服多项关键技术。结合汽车产品特点,从低成本碳纤维技术、材料-结构-性能一体化技术、高效成型技术、多材料连接技术、循环利用技术几个方面阐述了碳纤维复合材料在汽车轻量化应用中的关键技术,展望了未来汽车用碳纤维复合材料的发展趋势。     

浅谈铸造热加工的节能技术探讨

本文在分析机械铸造工业领域节能减排的现状基础上,提出了机械工业制造领域节能减排新技术、新工艺和新装备,如数字化制造技术融入铸锻过程、减量化促进铸造新材料开发上的应用。铸锻生产趋向使用铸锻新技术缩短工艺过程、熔炼(加热)过程趋向节能化、自动化控制,从而促进铸锻清洁生产等。这些新技术和新装备为铸造业实现节能环保、清洁生产提供了强力支撑,伴随铸锻工业的发展,数字化、精密化、柔性化、智能化和绿色化等大量新技术逐渐在铸造、锻压、热处理等领域获得应用。     

高铁用碳纤维复合材料防静电技术及标准研究

随着轨道交通用热塑性碳纤维复合材料需求的增长,以重点围绕轨道交通用碳纤维增强热塑性复合材料关键技术与应用示范项目在2018年获批立项,项目以突破热塑性碳纤维复合材料的材料设计与优化、部件结构设计、快速成型成套设备关键工艺等关键技术,实现轨道交通等领域用热塑性碳纤维复合材料零部件的高效批量制造和典型应用验证。高速状态下,车体表面与干燥空气摩擦,对静电的产生创造了良好的条件,摩擦会加剧电荷集聚,当车体静电电位达到几千伏以上时,会对司乘人员有很大危害。所以碳纤维复合材料防静电技术及其标准研究,对于保障行车安全、人身安全、驾乘的舒适感,具有重要的意义。     

工业自动化节能减排技术领域及方向研究

工业自动化节能减排技术的发展方向必然会向着信息自动化方向、制造和材料自动化方向、高效能自动化技术、新能源自动化技术领域发展，逐步成为工业发展的重点内容和重要发展目标。本文分析了工业自动化节能减排技术的重要性，提出了工业自动化节能减排技术的发展方向，就工业自动化在节能减排技术领域的应用作出了新的探索。     

碳纤维复合材料自动铺放关键技术的现状与发展趋势

碳纤维复合材料具有耐高温、耐摩擦、耐腐蚀等诸多优异性能,被广泛应用于航空航天、汽车制造等相关领域.鉴于碳纤维复合材料的广泛应用,制备碳纤维复合材料构件的自动铺放设备及技术也得到了快速发展.近年来,复合材料自动铺放技术也取得了非常显著的成绩.碳纤维复合材料自动铺放技术的研究是铺放设备、铺放轨迹、铺放工艺及铺放软件技术的综合性研究.其中,研究人员将铺放头与纤维纱架结合实现了碳纤维复合材料铺放设备的一体式结构,为完全自动化铺放奠定了基础.碳纤维复合材料的铺放轨迹起初采用相对简单的定角度铺放,但是近些年变角度铺放成为研究热点,采用变角度铺放可以提升铺放构件的力学性能.另外,工作人员针对复合材料的铺放温度、铺放速度和铺放压力等铺放工艺进行了研究,实现了铺放工艺参数的优化并提高了铺放构件的成型质量.此外,在复合材料自动铺放软件技术的研究中,研究人员以铺放工艺及构件形体要求为基础,开发了与铺放设备相匹配的CAD/CAM软件系统,实现了复合材料的自动化、智能化铺放.本文主要从自动铺放设备结构、纤维铺放轨迹规划与控制、铺放工艺参数优化和自动铺放软件系统几个方面对国内外自动铺放技术的研究进展进行了综述.基于自动铺放技术的发展现状,总结了国内自动铺放技术存在的问题,并对国内自动铺放技术的发展方向进行了探讨.     

车用碳纤维复合材料应用研究

随着汽车产业的不断发展,国家对汽车的节能减排要求日趋严格:传统的燃油汽车将面临着百公里燃油耗的严苛要求;新兴的新能源汽车也承受着电池续航里程的挑战。因此,汽车行业的发展与制品轻量化的开发息息相关,其中材料的选择则是制品轻量化的关键[1]。碳纤维具有优越的比强度、比刚度等性能,具有优异的轻量化性能。碳纤维复合材料应用于车身零部件件上,其不仅能减轻车身重量,还能具有可靠的行人保护与安全性。因此,碳纤维复合材料在汽车轻量化领域具有良好的发展前景。该文介绍了碳纤维复合材料的在汽车轻量化领域的优势,并结合碳纤维复合材料部件典型应用案例,介绍其多样化成型工艺。     

碳纤维树脂基复合材料及成型工艺与应用研究进展

目的 碳纤维树脂基复合材料的可设计性和性能优越性使得碳纤维及其树脂基复合材料的应用范围不断拓展.文章简述了碳纤维的性能、发展和分类,研究碳纤维树脂基复合材料的性能影响因素、成型工艺及应用领域,探索其未来研究的发展方向.方法 采用文献调研法,梳理和汇总国内外关于碳纤维树脂基复合材料的制备及应用研究,分析国内外关于其性能影响因素、成型工艺和应用领域的研究进展.结论 碳纤维树脂基复合材料性能受碳纤维含量、基体和碳纤维界面结合性能等因素的影响.国内碳纤维树脂基复合材料的成型技术主要以传统成型工艺为主,不同性能要求和结构特点的构件采用不同成型工艺.应用范围从航空航天、军工领域不断拓展至民用领域,生产制备的高效能化和低成本化是其未来发展方向.此外,环境问题及碳纤维的回收利用是未来碳纤维及其复合材料应用的关键问题.     

先进复合材料从飞机转向汽车应用的关键技术

轻量化是汽车工业实现可持续发展的重要途径,先进复合材料(Advanced Composite Materials,ACM)特别是碳纤维增强聚合物基复合材料具有质轻高强的性能特点,是最为重要的轻量化材料之一。ACM在航空工业已有四十年的技术和应用积累,但汽车工业的产业特点明显不同于航空,其中最突出的就是对成本和生产效率的要求更高。因此,将ACM的技术特点与汽车工业的重要需求相结合,本文首先介绍了碳纤维复合材料用于汽车结构的最新应用进展,列举了发达国家的相关研发计划。在此基础上,从复合材料设计制造一体化、低成本碳纤维、复合材料高效制造和材料循环利用等四个方面讨论了制约汽车用ACM规模化应用的关键技术。以期为研究发展适合我国汽车工业的复合材料高技术提供一点粗浅见解。     

北京正负电子对撞机(BEPC)BESⅢ漂移室碳纤维复合材料外筒的研制

本文介绍了BESⅢ漂移室碳纤维复合材料外筒的主要结构形式、技术要求、筒体成型技术、原材料选择和达到的技术指标.BESⅢ漂移室碳纤维复合材料外筒主要采用预浸料铺放和湿法缠绕成型工艺.BESⅢ漂移室碳纤维复合材料外筒的各项指标均符合要求.BESⅢ漂移室碳纤维复合材料外筒的研制成功是我国在高能物理研究领域应用碳纤维复合材料的又一次飞跃.     

宁波材料所在石墨烯强韧化碳纤维复合材料关键技术方面取得重要进展

正碳纤维复合材料因轻质高强、抗疲劳、耐腐蚀、可设计性强等一系列特性,在航空航天、汽车、船舶、能源、建筑等领域的应用与日俱增。然而,由于碳纤维表面光滑、惰性大、具有化学活性的官能团少,导致碳纤维与基体树脂之间的界面粘结强度低,界面存在较多缺陷,往往成为复合材料的薄弱环节。宁波材料所所属先进制造所复合材料智能制造与装备团     

Applicability Analysis of Carbon Fiber Composite Materials for a Novel Lightweight Designing Lap Bar of Amusement Ride

The machinery manufacturing industry, including amusement rides, has made progress in structural lightweight and increasingly using carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) to achieve modest weight savings. The lap bar, as a key force-bearing component used to restrain passengers, bears the brunt of becoming an important direction for lightweight design. To address this issue, the study analyzes and calculates its stress and deformation based on finite element analysis, and the results show that the CFRP lap bar does not exhibit obvious strain concentration, expected to have a longer service life. On the basis of these studies, the CFRP lap is prepared, and it is found that this substitution leads to a reduction in weight of 66.7%. In addition, three groups of fatigue tests are used to simulate its running state under nuclear load and overload, and acoustic emission (AE) technology is used to monitor it. The results show that there is no obvious damage in the tests of three different stages, and the reliability is strong, which verifies that the selection of carbon fiber materials can meet the requirements of bumpers.     

T-700碳纤维增强复合材料的激光辐照性能研究

采用Rofin-Sinar 850型CO_2激光器研究了T-700碳纤维/g氧树脂及T-700织物/酚醛树脂2种复合材料体系的激光辐照特性.研究表明,T-700碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料在激光辐照时均首先产生燃烧现象.在032激光器的输出功率2355(士3%)w、光斑直径10mm、光斑功率密度3kW/cm~2、辐照时间3s条件下,T-700碳纤维/环氧树脂与碳布/酚醛树脂复合材料的质量损失相当,质量损失最大为0.1666g.在激光辐照下,增加T-700碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料厚度可以起到明显的隔热作用,在碳布/酚醛树脂复合材料表面粘贴DQ绝热层可有效提高激光辐照隔热性能.     

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料界面优化研究进展

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites,CFRP)是一类应用较为广泛的高性能复合材料,主要从碳纤维表面改性处理方法及优化CFRP成型工艺两方面综述了对碳纤维/树脂基体界面进行优化的常用方法,并指出了进一步发展的趋势.     

表面氧化处理提高碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料力学性能的研究

碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料(Carbon fiber reinforced composites,CFRP)具有高强度比、高模量比、耐高温、耐腐蚀、耐疲劳等一系列优异性能,是一类应用广泛的高性能复合材料.介绍了碳纤维几种主要的表面氧化处理方法及其不同处理工艺和条件对碳纤维表面性能以及CFRP力学性能的影响.     

Experimental evaluation of the crashworthiness for lightweight composite structural member

The recent trend in vehicle design is aimed at improving crash safety and environmental-friendliness. For the former, energy absorbing members have to absorb sufficient collision energy, whereas for the latter, the vehicle structure must be lightweight in order to improve fuel efficiency and reduce tail gas emission. Therefore, the weight of the vehicle must be minimized while ensuring crash safety. In this study, composite structural members were manufactured using aluminum and carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) which are representative lightweight materials. The disadvantages of aluminum and CFRP members were considered to be mutually complimentary while the advantages of each member were combined to exhibit collapse characteristics of effective structural members. Quasi-static and impact axial collapse tests were carried out for composite structural members, which comprised an aluminum member externally reinforced by stacking CFRP. In particular, among the design variables of the anisotropic CFRP, axial collapse characteristics have been examined according to the changes of orientation angle. The compound structural member demonstrated stable collapse mode by complimenting the disadvantages of brittle fracturing of the CFRP member, due to the ductile nature of the inner aluminum member. The collapse mode of the composite structural member was determined by CFRP orientation angle of the member, which affected the member's energy absorption capability. The compound member's advantageous characteristics in terms of energy absorption increased with increasing CFRP orientation angle.     

Ti/CFRP超混杂复合材料残余应力研究

由于组成Ｔｉ／ＣＦＲＰ超混杂复合材料层板的炭纤维、钛合金薄板及树脂的热膨胀系数的差异,以及树脂固化过程的收缩,在层间有残余应力形成,残余应力的存在会对材料的力学性能及加工性能产生影响。因此采用应变片包埋法和非对称层板法对该Ｔｉ／ＣＦＲＰ的残余应力进行了研究,推导出计算层板残余应力的计算公式,经修正后的计算结果与测试结果基本吻合。     

High velocity impact characteristics of MWNT added CFRP at LEO space environment

In this paper, multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWNT) added carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) composites are suggested as solutions to improve the impact energy absorbing capability of CFRP for spacecraft application because it was proven that the resistance against LEO environment and the quasi-static material properties of CFRP can be improved by adding MWNT in previous papers. To verify the effect of MWNT on the impact energy absorbing capability of composite materials, normal CFRP and MWNT-reinforced CFRP were prepared and tested by using a two-stage light gas gun that can accelerate an aluminum ball of a diameter of 5.56 mm to 1 km/s. And the applicability of MWNT against hypervelocity impact of space debris was studied. In addition, accelerated ground simulation experiments were performed for each material model to simulate the aging of composite materials to verify the effect of LEO environmental aging on impact absorbing capability of composites. For the aging experiment, the impact specimens were simultaneously exposed to high vacuum, atomic oxygen, ultra violet light, and thermal cycling. After being exposed to simulated LEO environment, high velocity impact tests were performed for each material. As a result, MWNT did not have a significant improvement on the impact energy absorbing capability of CFRP under high velocity impact, even though the quasi static material properties are improved by adding MWNT. This is caused by the early generation of fiber breakages on the impact surface before enough generation of progressive failure which is one of the impact energy absorbing mechanism. Similarly, MWNT has less effect on the impact energy absorbing capability of CFRP under LEO environment.     

Improving bending characteristics of FRP sandwich structures with reinforcement webs

Sandwich-structure materials consist of a high-strength skin material and a lightweight core material. The advantages of sandwich structures are known to include excellent mechanical properties and low weight. Sandwich structures are lightweight because of their lightweight core; meanwhile, the skin structure provides mechanical strength and bears bending stress. Carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) is a high-specific-strength and high-specific-rigidity material. In recent years, CFRP sandwich structures have been used in aerospace applications due to their lightweight properties. However, soft-core members such as plastic foam materials have low rigidity and therefore may not exhibit adequate function as a sandwich structure. Webs can make up for the lack of rigidity of soft core members. Consequently, sandwich structures with reinforcement webs offer higher strength than sandwich structures without reinforcement webs. This study focused on reinforcement webs suitable for use in CFRP sandwich structures by evaluating the bending characteristics of CFRP sandwich structures with reinforcement webs. Experimental results demonstrated that CFRP sandwich structures with reinforcement webs had improved bending strength. The effects of the spacing interval of reinforcement webs and the number of layers of carbon fiber fabric on the bending characteristics of CFRP sandwich structures were also examined. Finally, an optimal condition model was created for CFRP sandwich structures with reinforcement webs.     

碳纤维对工程结构加固的试验研究

碳纤维及其复合材料是伴随着军工事业的发展而成长起来的新型材料,碳纤维布由于其高强、轻质、耐腐蚀等优点而广泛用于结构加固中,与其它加固方法相比,碳纤维布加固具有易于施工、工效高、造价低且耐腐蚀等优点.本文在总结前人工作基础上,研制了用于碳纤维布加固的GF结构胶,并测试了其物理力学性能;通过试验研究了碳纤维布加固梁在荷载作用下的挠度、强度、裂缝展开情况及破坏模式.试验结果表明,经过碳纤维布加固的梁,其承载能力和刚度均较未加固梁有较大幅度的增加,采用碳纤维布加固对裂缝的开展有明显的约束效果.