GH4169合金焊接接头高温疲劳裂纹扩展性能试验研究

对GH4169合金焊接接头在650℃下的疲劳裂纹扩展性能进行了测试和分析.结果表明,疲劳裂纹扩展速率、初始裂纹尺寸、裂纹容限和温度对焊接接头的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命都有影响.母材及焊缝的疲劳裂纹扩展速率和裂纹容限均有较大的差异.     

TIG与FSW焊接工艺下2219铝合金疲劳裂纹扩展性能研究

目的 研究钨极惰性气体保护焊(TIG)和搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)对2219铝合金焊接接头疲劳性能的影响,并探究这2种不同焊接技术条件下焊接接头疲劳裂纹的产生与裂纹扩展原理,了解2种焊接接头的抗裂纹扩展能力,为工程实践应用提供数据参考。方法 采用疲劳裂纹扩展试验方法,测试上述2种焊接工艺条件下焊缝金属和热影响区组织的疲劳裂纹扩展速率da/dN和阈值,使用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察并分析金相组织和疲劳断口形貌特征。结果 疲劳裂纹倾向于沿裂纹处萌生,裂纹的存在成为主要的裂纹扩展源头,有利于加速裂纹向前延伸。热影响区由于组织结构不均匀,不同位置的晶粒尺寸存在明显差异,疲劳裂纹扩展路径倾向于沿靠近焊缝一侧向靠近母材区域扩展。TIG焊接工艺下焊缝金属和热影响区的裂纹扩展速率明显低于FSW焊接工艺下的焊缝金属和热影响区,与此同时,TIG焊接接头表现出优良的抗疲劳裂纹扩展性能。结论 通过此研究,建议2219铝合金焊接接头采用TIG焊接工艺,抗疲劳裂纹扩展效果更佳。     

TA15钛合金的高周疲劳性能和断裂特征

研究了双态组织的TA15钛合金的高周疲劳性能和疲劳断裂特征,结果表明,β转变组织中次生α相的数量和形态对疲劳性能有显著影响,次生相α相的球化显著降低了合金抗裂纹扩展的能力,而大量的片状次生α相则通过造成疲劳裂纹的分枝有效地降低了疲劳裂纹的扩展速度,提高了疲劳极限.     

K4169高温合金铸件铸造缺陷修复及疲劳性能研究

采用TlG焊对K4169高温合金薄片中铸造组织缺陷进行修复,并对修复前后的合金薄片进行疲劳性能测试和显微组织分析.结果表明:铸造缺陷对合金薄片疲劳性能的影响很大,含铸造缺陷的合金薄片疲劳寿命不到3万周次,而不含铸造缺陷的合金薄片疲劳寿命达7.1万周次.含铸造缺陷的样品经过TlG焊接修复后,疲劳寿命仍达6～9万周次,接近甚至超过了不含缺陷的试样疲劳寿命,这表明合适的焊接修复方法不会降低高温合金薄片的疲劳性能.铸件焊接修复后疲劳寿命高的原因是,焊缝中析出的较粗大相数量多、分布均匀,且疲劳裂纹扩展过程中产生较多的二次裂纹引发了裂纹偏移和扩展路径增长.     

超声冲击处理钛合金焊接接头的性能研究

采用超声冲击工艺,处理了钛合金两种型式的焊接接头。试验结果表明:超声冲击处理可显著降低接头焊接残余应力,并可提高接头的疲劳强度和疲劳寿命。其中对于Ti80合金的对接接头和十字接头,疲劳极限分别提高22.7%和64.5%,疲劳寿命分别提高5.4倍和13.5倍;对于TA2和Ti75合金的对接接头,焊接残余应力分别降低68%和65%。     

Comparison of fatigue properties between friction stir welds and TIG welds

对比分析了搅拌摩擦和氩弧焊两种工艺方法对铝合金焊接接头疲劳性能的影响，建立了焊接接头的S-N曲线，结果表明：在相同的载荷条件下，搅拌磨擦焊接接头的疲劳性能优于氩弧焊接头。搅拌摩擦焊接头疲劳寿命N=106次的疲劳强度值约为59~65MPa之间。对焊接接头显微组织的分析表明：搅拌摩擦焊接接头具有比氩弧焊接头更为细小的晶粒和狭窄的焊接热影响区，阻碍了滑移带的形成和裂纹的扩展，从而提高了接头的疲劳性能。TIG焊接接头疲劳端口分析显示，焊接缺陷是主要的疲劳裂纹源。     

搅拌摩擦与氩弧焊铝合金接头疲劳性能的比较

建立了铝合金焊接接头的S-N曲线,对比分析了搅拌摩擦和氩弧焊两种工艺对其焊接接头疲劳性能的影响,结果表明:在载荷相同的条件下,铝合金搅拌磨擦焊接接头的疲劳性能优于氩弧焊接头,搅拌摩擦焊接头的疲劳寿命N=106次的疲劳强度为59-65 MPa,搅拌摩擦焊接接头具有比氩弧焊接头更为细小的晶粒和狭窄的焊接热影响区,阻碍了滑移带的形成和裂纹的扩展,从而提高了接头的疲劳性能,铝合金焊接接头的缺陷是主要的疲劳裂纹源.     

疲劳裂纹在奥氏体／铁素体异种钢接接头中的扩展行为

采用三点弯曲试样研究了疲劳裂纹在奥氏体 /铁素体异种钢焊接接头中的扩展行为与显微组织的关系 ,测得疲劳裂纹在 Cr2 5 Ni13/ 13Cr Mo44异种钢焊接接头中的扩展速率 da/ d N,并且讨论了疲劳裂纹扩展与显微组织之间的关系。实验结果表明 ,疲劳裂纹在异种钢焊接接头熔合区中扩展的路径 ,是接头中韧性最低的热影响区过热区 ,裂纹在铁素体材料侧 ,跟随熔合线并平行于熔合线 5～ 2 5 μm扩展 ,而马氏体层对疲劳裂纹有较大的抗力 ,疲劳裂纹的扩展路径主要受组织韧性的控制。疲劳裂纹在 Cr2 5 Ni13/ 13Cr Mo44异种钢接头的扩展速率为 :da/ d N=7.0 7× 10 - 1 3(△ K ) 3.86 3     

6005 A-T5铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与疲劳性能

本工作借助金相(OM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、硬度和高周疲劳试验,研究不同焊接参数对6005A-T5铝合金搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)接头的显微组织与疲劳性能的影响.结果表明,焊接过程中焊核区(NZ)发生了动态再结晶,形成了尺寸细小的等轴晶粒,合金中的沉淀相发生回溶,NZ只存在尺寸细小、分布离散的GP区.热影响区(HAZ)晶粒形态和尺寸与母材基本相似,存在两种形态的沉淀相(β'相和Q'相).搅拌头转速越大或焊接速度越小,均会提高相应的焊接热输入,过高的焊接热输入会降低FSW接头在107循环周次下的疲劳强度.疲劳裂纹均在试样表面萌生,疲劳裂纹扩展初期为沿晶扩展,然后逐渐转变为穿晶扩展,断口形貌呈现解理断裂,最终失稳断裂转变为韧性断裂.     

疲劳裂纹在奥氏体/铁素体异种钢焊接接头中的扩展行为

采用三点弯曲试样研究了疲劳裂纹在奥氏体/铁素体异种钢焊接接头中的扩展行为与显微组织的关系,测得疲劳裂纹在Cr25Ni13/13CrMo44异种钢焊接接头中的扩展速率da/dN,并且讨论了疲劳裂纹扩展与显微组织之间的关系。实验结果表明,疲劳裂纹在异种钢焊接接头熔合区中扩展的路径,是接头中韧性最低的热影响区过热区,裂纹在铁素体材料侧,跟随熔合线并平行于熔合线5～25μm扩展,而马氏体层对疲劳裂纹有较大的抗力,疲劳裂纹的扩展路径主要受组织韧性的控制。疲劳裂纹在Cr25Ni13/13CrMo44异种钢接头的扩展速率为：da/dN=7.07×10-13(△K)3.863。     

异种钢接头中氢扩散行为的研究

本文运用氚自射线照相法和接头充氢后释放规律的观察，研究了Ｃｒ３０Ｎｉ９／高碳钢接头不均匀混俣区中的富奥氏体带的形成及其对接头氢扩散和聚集行为的影响，并建立了相应的氢扩展模型。试验和分析结果表明：富粤氏体带的形成将延缓和阻焊缝中的氢向材侧扩散；母材侧仅在熔池阶段及结晶后的高温阶段扩散进行了少量的氢，所得结论，对研究异种钢接头熔合线两侧的冷裂纹的形成机及有其理论指导作用。     

Computational Model of Propagation of Fatigue Cracks in Hydrogenated Welded Joints

On the basis of the energy approach of fracture mechanics, we develop a computational model of propagation of fatigue cracks in thin-walled hydrogenated welded joints under the conditions of plane stressed state. A problem of diffusion with the corresponding boundary conditions for the analysis of the field of hydrogen concentration in the zone of welded joint in the case of variable temperature is posed and its numerical solution is found. It is shown that the computed kinetic diagrams of fatigue fracture are in good agreement with the available experimental data. The relations obtained by using the proposed model enable us to predict the path and the period of subcritical growth of fatigue cracks.     

TC4钛合金焊接接头疲劳性能试验研究

对TC钛合金焊接试样进行了低周疲劳试验，在应变控制试验条件下，得到了焊接接头疲劳裂纹萌生寿命。选取弹性模量的变化间接反映焊接接头中的损伤，对焊接结构疲功损伤变化规律进行了探讨并建立了相应的应变－寿命预测方法，研究结果为航空发动机焊接结构寿命的预测提供了参考依据。     

舰船用钛-钢复合过渡接头焊接态疲劳性能试验研究

针对舰船用钛-钢复合过渡接头应用要求,进行了钛-钢过渡接头焊接态拉-压、拉-剪和弯曲疲劳试验,结果表明,疲劳寿命为200万次时,钛钢复合过渡接头结构件的拉-压疲劳极限为73.0 MPa,拉-剪疲劳极限为62.96 MPa,弯曲疲劳最大应力达到360 MPa且接头本身未破坏。拉-压疲劳和拉-剪疲劳S-N曲线可为舰船钛-钢复合过渡接头结构的设计提供支撑。     

Low cycle fatigue strength of butt-welded steel joint by means of new testing system with image technique

In this study, we investigated the low cycle fatigue strength of welded joints using a new fatigue testing system in which the image analysis technique was used to measure the strains in specimens. After checking the validity of the testing system, we used this new system to conduct fatigue tests on welded joint specimens. The test results indicate that the fatigue strength of welded material (weld deposit and heat affected zone) is much lower than that of the plain material.     

Through thickness property variations in friction stir welded AA6061 joint fatigued in very high cycle fatigue regime

Ultrasonic fatigue tests were performed on friction stir welded AA6061 joint to investigate very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) behaviors. As a result, almost all the fatigue cracks are initiated from local plastic slip markings around the boundary between thermo-mechanically affected zone and heat affected zone. The fatigue strength decreases from the top to root of the welded joint, owing to the variation of plastic deformation history and temperature distribution through the thickness. In fractography, the fatigue crack initiation site is surrounded by a semicircular flat zone, of which the formation in VHCF regime accounts for more than 98% of the total fatigue life.     

Combined effect of strength & sheet thickness on fatigue behaviour of resistance spot welded joint

Fatigue performance of spot welded lap shear joint is primarily dependent on weld nugget size, sheet thickness and corresponding joint stiffness. Two automotive steel sheets having higher strength lower thickness and lower strength higher thickness are resistance spot welded with established optimum welding condition. The tensile‐shear strength and fatigue strength of lap shear joint of the two automotive steel sheets are determined and compared. Experimental fatigue life of spot welded lap shear joint of each steel are compared with predicted fatigue lives using different stress intensity factor solutions for kinked crack and spot weld available in literature. Micrographs of fatigue fractured surfaces are examined to understand fracture micro‐mechanisms.     

Effect of loading type on the fatigue strength of asymmetric and symmetric transverse non‐load carrying attachments

This study considers the effect of bending loading and the symmetry of joints on the fatigue strength of transverse non‐load carrying attachments. Conventionally, the fatigue strength of a welded joint has been determined without taking these factors into account. Experimental and finite element analyses were carried out and both methods showed that both loading type and symmetry have an influence on the fatigue resistance of a welded joint. Under tensile loading, the fatigue strength of asymmetric T‐joints was higher than that of symmetric X‐joints. Respectively, the fatigue resistance of tested joints improved explicitly when the external loading was bending. The finite element analysis was in good agreement with the test results in the joints subjected to tension but gave very conservative results in the joints subjected to bending.     

6061-T6 铝合金激光焊接接头腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展

目的研究6061-T6铝合金激光焊接接头的腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展特性,并分析裂纹扩展的影响因素。方法利用光纤激光器,焊接尺寸为150 mm×100 mm×4 mm(焊接方向、横向、熔深方向)的6061-T6铝合金,采用SE(B)三点弯曲疲劳裂纹扩展试验并利用连续降K法,分别在空气和人工海水中进行疲劳裂纹扩展试验,通过使用金相显微镜(OE)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM),对金相结构进行观测分析。结果同样工艺参数的焊接接头,在海水中疲劳裂纹门槛值(4.063 016 MPa·m~(0.5))大于空气中的门槛值(3.479 166 MPa·m~(0.5));在疲劳裂纹扩展中速区(da/dN10~(-5) mm/cycle)时,海水焊接接头疲劳裂纹扩展速率大于空气中的,低速区(da/d N10~(-5) mm/cycle)则小于在空气中的。结论成形良好的焊缝、晶粒细小的焊缝组织有助于接头疲劳裂纹扩展性能的提高;中速区,海水中疲劳裂纹扩展速率偏大,主要是由腐蚀条件下焊缝裂纹尖端阳极溶解和交变载荷共同作用导致;低速区,海水中疲劳裂纹扩展速率偏小,主要原因是腐蚀产物堆积于疲劳裂纹扩展尖端,产生较强裂纹闭合效应。     

Experimental study on the whole‐life heterogeneous ratchetting and ratchetting‐fatigue interaction of SUS301L stainless steel butt‐welded joint

Uniaxial fatigue tests of butt‐welded joint, made from SUS301L stainless steel, were carried out under asymmetric stress‐controlled cyclic loading conditions in this work. The effects of stress amplitude and mean stress on the whole‐life heterogeneous ratchetting and fatigue life of the butt‐welded joint were investigated, respectively, for the specified subzones. The experimental observations show that the whole‐life inhomogeneous ratchetting strain concentrating in a specific fusion zone (denoted as the FZ‐1 subzone) of the welded joint becomes more significant as the stress level increases; the fatigue failure also occurs in the FZ‐1 subzone, and the fatigue life depends on both the applied mean stress and stress amplitude and is determined by the combination of ratchetting damage and fatigue one in the localized FZ‐1 subzone.