Q500钢焊接接头断裂韧性K_C的表达式

基于断裂力学理论,针对Q500钢焊接接头评价,以更简便的计算Q500钢焊接接头KC值和防断分析为目标,考虑冶金质量和板厚影响的系列温度夏比冲击试验结果,结合深缺口宽板拉伸试验结果,得出了Q500钢焊接接头断裂韧性KC的表达式。     

海船结构低温用钢的韧性认可方法的探讨

本文以16Mnc钢及其焊接接头深缺口宽板拉伸试验数据与相应批号的Cv试验结果为依据,建立了宽板拉伸试验确定的断裂参数(ε_c)与温度(T)、板厚(t)和反映冶金质量水平的韧性参数(vTr)之间的函数关系,即,ε_c=ε_0EXP[b(T-AvTrE-B t-C)]在此基础上,作者们根据海船在特定工作条件下的使用经验,对船舶结构在更低工作温度下服役的可能性以及对结构用材料的韧性认可方法进行了探讨,并给出海船结构各类构件在不同服役温度和不同板厚条件下的钢级选择的思路及其表述方法。     

焊接桥梁防断选材的验证试验及其安全性评定

本文根据焊接桥梁结构的实际使用特点,分析了验证试验应考虑的影响因素,并按当量转换的验证条件,进行了32mm厚16Mnq钢深缺口宽板拉伸的验证试验。结果表明,所给出的防断选材方法是安全合理的。     

海洋平台用钢焊接接头宽板拉伸断裂行为的研究

本文采用带有中心缺口的宽板拉伸试验方法,研究国产海洋平台用钢焊接接头的断裂行为——测定不同温度下的断裂应力、断裂韧性和断裂后的残余应变。     

Q500钢焊接接头断裂韧性K_C与冲击功KV_2的相关性统计规律

采用深缺口宽板拉伸试验测定了4种板厚规格(20 mm、32 mm、40 mm和60 mm)Q500钢焊接接头在不同温度下的断裂韧性KC,对32组断裂韧性值及对应试验温度下的冲击功KV2值的相关性进行了统计分析,结果表明,断裂韧性KC与KV2/t近似呈线性关系,其拟合方程为KC=80.6+7.23·KV2/t。     

Q420qE桥梁钢深缺口断裂强度特性试验研究

开展了20 mm厚Q420qE钢-80℃～+20℃下的深缺口宽板拉伸试验和标准光滑试样拉伸试验,试验结果表明:随温度的降低,光滑试样的断裂强度R_f逐步增大,断裂应变e_f基本不变,而深缺口试样的断裂强度R_n则出现明显的下降。为表征R_n与R_f、e_f及温度的相关性,提出了引入温度项的修正Neuber公式,修正后的公式计算得到的R_n值与实测值的偏差在±5%以内,这一结果表明,对于深缺口宽板拉伸试验,温度的降低可能会增大缺口引起的应力应变集中效应。      

带开孔板剪力键的钢-UHPC组合板受弯性能试验研究及数值模拟

研究了一种采用开孔板(PBL)剪力键的钢-超高性能混凝土(UHPC)组合板，可用作大跨度桥面板或楼板。基于某特大跨度组合梁斜拉桥的桥面板设计，完成了3块钢-UHPC组合板和1块钢-C60组合板的足尺模型试验，探究剪力连接件种类、数量和混凝土材料对组合板受力性能的影响。试验结果表明:在集中荷载作用下，钢-UHPC组合板发生典型的弯曲破坏，而钢-C60组合板发生冲切破坏；钢-UHPC组合板的承载力、刚度和延性均远优于相同厚度的钢-C60组合板；在3块钢-UHPC组合板试件中，含较多开孔板剪力键的试件表现出最佳的受力性能。基于ABAQUS建立钢-UHPC组合板的精细有限元模型，模型的预测结果与试验得到的荷载-位移曲线吻合良好，进一步利用有限元模型开展了参数分析。     

腹板屈曲约束钢连梁抗震性能研究

腹板屈曲约束钢连梁通过在钢连梁腹板两侧设置约束板,保证钢连梁在往复剪切荷载作用下腹板剪切屈服后承载力能够持续强化,相比在腹板上设置加劲肋的传统方式,腹板屈曲约束钢连梁的腹板在接近钢材极限剪应变前不会发生面外屈曲,具有优越的耗能能力。通过5个腹板屈曲约束钢连梁的拟静力试验,研究了不同约束方式对钢连梁抗震性能的影响。试验结果表明:所有试件均实现了剪切屈服及承载力强化,破坏模式主要为翼缘、端板焊缝断裂和约束板弯曲破坏。钢连梁的超强系数平均值为1.38,大于《建筑抗震设计规范》GB 50011―2010的最低要求1.1,其中采用50 mm厚的钢筋混凝土约束板和25 mm厚的木板约束板的试件的超强系数超过了1.5。通过建立有限元分析模型进行试验对比验证和参数分析,提出了约束板最小厚度的建议取值,可为实际工程设计提供参考。     

钢框架端板连接半刚性节点受力性能分析

为研究不同构造对钢框架端板连接半刚性节点受力性能的影响,采用通用有限元软件ABAQUS建立非线性有限元模型,对单元选取,螺栓受力行为、材料本构以及接触模型等方面进行详细说明;结合国内外已有的钢框架端板连接半刚性节点拟静力试验,对比分析有限元分析和试验结果,深入探讨了钢框架端板连接半刚性节点的受力性能。试验和有限元分析结...     

三维碳/碳复合材料板件拉伸强度预报

针对三维碳/碳复合材料板件开孔敏感性问题进行了试验与有限元分析。建立了三维碳/碳复合材料代表体积单元(RVE)和完好板件、开孔板件的有限元模型,给出了宏观应力到细观应力的转换方法,并基于此方法,实现了完好板件、开孔板件拉伸破坏过程的数值模拟。进行了三维碳/碳复合材料完好板件和开孔板件的单向拉伸试验,模拟计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。分析了不同宽径比(WTDR)对开孔板件拉伸强度的影响,其中当宽径比达到6时,开孔板拉伸极限强度相比完好板下降11.5%,可以认为如果宽径比不低于6,开孔对板件拉伸极限强度影响较小。该结论可以为碳/碳复合材料开孔板件设计提供指导。     

High-accuracy thickness measurement of a transparent plate with the heterodyne central fringe identification technique

In a modified Twyman-Green interferometer, the optical path variation is measured with the heterodyne central fringe identification technique, as the light beam is focused by a displaced microscopic objective on the front/rear surface of the test transparent plate. The optical path length variation is then measured similarly after the test plate is removed. The geometrical thickness of the test plate can be calculated under the consideration of dispersion effect. This method has a wide measurable range and a high accuracy in the measurable range.     

10MnNiCrMoV钢宽板拉伸试验研究

本文通过对10MnNiCrMoV钢板宽板拉伸试验,研究了10MnNiCrMoV钢板在低温环境条件的防断及止裂性能。     

约束阻尼板结构模态实验及阻尼特性研究

约束阻尼结构可在较宽的频带范围内抑制结构的振动，已在机械和交通等领域广泛应用。本文采用多输入多输出（MIMO）的锤击法，对一种约束阻尼板进行模态实验，参数识别得到其固有频率、振型及模态阻尼。通过模态实验和有限元结果的相互对比，验证了模态测试结果的可靠性。在此基础上，对敷设粘弹性阻尼的悬臂板结构进行了阻尼特性的研究，讨论了材料参数和结构参数对模态阻尼的影响,为结构的减振降噪及优化设计提供依据。     

Analyses of infinite pairs of surface cracks in elastic plates

Stress intensity factors and crack opening displacements are presented for infinite pairs of surface cracks in plates subjected to remote tension by using the three dimensional weight function method developed in [7,8]. A wide range of configuration parameters is considered. The results compare very well with double edge cracks as crack aspect ratio tends to zero; with collinear cracks as it tends to infinity; with a pair of surface cracks in a wide plate when the ratio of crack length to plate width is small; and with a single surface crack in large plates when both the ratios of crack length to plate width and crack depth to plate thickness are small. Also illustrated is the significant difference between a single surface crack and the surface cracks in pairs when the ratio of crack depth to plate thickness is large.     

Constraint loss correction for assessment of CTOD fracture toughness under welding residual stress. Part I: Methodology using the equivalent CTOD ratio

This part I of a two-part paper presents a method of assessing the effects of welding residual stress and constraint loss on the cleavage fracture of a wide plate subjected to membrane stress based on the Weibull stress criterion. It has been found that the Weibull stress criterion is efficient for evaluating the fracture instability of wide plates with and without a welding residual stress field. The concept of an equivalent crack-tip opening displacement (CTOD) ratio β_r under a welding residual stress field is introduced for assessment of constraint loss effects on CTOD fracture toughness of wide plates. The equivalent CTOD ratio β_r is defined as the ratio of the CTOD in the standard fracture toughness specimen to the CTOD in a wide plate with a welding residual stress at the same level of the Weibull stress. Fracture assessment procedures using β_r for wide plates are shown within the framework of the failure assessment diagram. It has been found that the excessive conservatism observed in the conventional procedure can be reduced reasonably by applying the proposed method. The companion part II of the paper presents applications of the CTOD toughness correction method using β_r to the fracture test data of welded joints and verifies the proposed method in the ductile-brittle transition temperature region.     

自复位钢框架-蝴蝶形钢板剪力墙体系两层结构抗震试验研究

为了研究蝴蝶形钢板剪力墙-自复位结构体系的抗震性能,对7个两层单跨1/2缩尺蝴蝶形钢板的自复位钢框架试件进行了低周反复荷载试验。根据试验结果着重分析了蝴蝶形钢板的高厚比、高宽比和蝴蝶杆层数以及试件的初始预应力等参数对试件的承载力、滞回性能、耗能能力和复位效果等性能的影响。试验结果表明:随着钢板的高厚比和高宽比的减小,试件的承载力和耗能能力增大,但残余变形随着高厚比减小而增加,且几乎不受高宽比的影响;蝴蝶杆层数越多,试件的承载力和残余变形越大,前期耗能越迅速,但最终耗能量相同;初始预应力越大,试件的承载力越大,耗能能力越弱,残余变形越小。     

Simultaneous measurement of surface shape and variation in optical thickness of a transparent parallel plate in wavelength-scanning Fizeau interferometer

Wavelength-scanning interferometry permits the simultaneous measurement of variations in surface shape and optical thickness of a nearly parallel plate. Interference signals from both surfaces of the test plate can be separated in frequency space; however, these frequencies are shifted from the expected frequency by the refractive-index dispersion of the test plate and any nonlinearity that is due to wavelength scanning. Conventional Fourier analysis is sensitive to this detuning of the signal frequency and suffers from multiple-beam interference noise. We propose new wavelength-scanning algorithms that permit a large tolerance for dispersion of the test plate and nonlinearity of scanning. Two 19-sample algorithms that suppress multiple-interference noise up to the second order of the reflectance of the test plate are presented. Experimental results show that the variation in surface shape and optical thickness of a glass parallel plate of 250-mm diameter was measured with a resolution of 1-2 nm rms.     

S355J2钢板表面裂纹分析

针对南钢中厚板卷厂生产的S355J2钢板表面出现裂纹缺陷,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱仪进行了分析。结果表明,裂纹具有沿钢板纵向延伸且深度很小的规律性,裂纹产生的原因主要是Nb元素的碳氮化物表面偏聚所致,通过进行微钛处理成分设计并结合优化连铸工艺,可有效改善S355J2钢板表面裂纹问题。     

Solutions of the second elastic-plastic fracture mechanics parameter in test specimens

Extensive finite element analyses have been conducted to obtain solutions of the A-term, which is the second parameter in three-term elastic-plastic asymptotic expansion, for test specimens. Three mode I crack plane-strain test specimens, i.e. single edge cracked plate (SECP), center cracked plate (CCP) and double edge cracked plate (DECP) were studied. The crack geometries analyzed included shallow to deep cracks. Solutions of A-term were obtained for material following the Ramberg-Osgood power law with hardening exponent of n = 3, 4, 5, 7 and 10. Remote tension loading was applied which covers from small-scale to large-scale yielding. Based on the finite element results, empirical equations to predict the A-terms under small-scale yielding (SSY) to large-scale yielding conditions were developed. In addition, by using the relationships between A and other commonly used second fracture parameters such as Q factor and A₂-term, the present solutions can be used to calculate parameters A₂ and Q as well. The results presented in the paper are suitable to calculate the second elastic-plastic fracture parameters for test specimens for a wide range of crack geometries, material strain hardening behaviors and loading conditions.