防排烟系统在高层民用建筑施工中常见问题

随着城市建筑高度以及结构复杂度的提升,利用自然排烟无法达到建筑排烟的目的,即便设置加压送风设备辅助排烟,但是由于各种原因,无法形成加压设备所需余压,因而排烟设施效果较差,加之很多建筑防排烟设施配置不合理、设备设置位置不规范等都影响了高层民用建筑的使用安全。本文主要针对高层民用建筑在设计施工中其防排烟系统设计施工中常见的问题展开了探讨,并针对性的提出了解决措施。     

多层建筑中庭防排烟系统设计

介绍了某多层建筑(商场)中庭防排烟系统的设计，认为此类建筑的中庭应当设置防排烟设施，并有必要对其设置依据、方法、排烟量计算等相关问题开展深入的研究和讨论，制订出相应的规范条文。     

高层民用建筑防排烟工程设计有关问题的探讨

由于部分设计、施工人员对防排烟设施的结构、作用、性能缺乏了解,对国家规范标准理解不透彻,往往导致在设计、施工中存在一些问题。本文探讨了高层民用建筑防排烟工程设计有关问题。     

浅谈建筑防排烟设置

通过深入学习当前防火规范,结合具体工程经验,提炼出在自然排烟、机械防烟、机械排烟设计中应注意的问题,并对疏散楼梯问的可开启外窗能否作为排烟口问题进行了探讨,认为在实际设计中应对规范深刻理解,活学活用,以达到更高更合理的设计水平。     

高层建筑的自然排烟

分析了风压、热压等因素对高层建筑中烟气流动的影响，并指出了高层建筑自然排烟设计中需注意的一些问题。     

自然排烟计算方法的探讨

简要阐述了自然排烟计算的基本概念,如热压、稳态火灾、中和界、流量系数等;围绕自然排烟,讨论了在各种情况下建筑进风口及排烟窗口流量系数的计算.     

轨道交通高架车站自然排烟效果模拟分析

国内轨道交通高架车站公共区基本采用自然通风和自然排烟。由于景观要求,车站雨棚多采用封闭拱顶形式,其檐高与拱高对车站自然排烟效果的影响较大。利用CFD模拟了不同拱高和檐高对自然排烟的影响,对比分析了不同雨棚形式下自然排烟的有效性。模拟结果表明,高架车站雨棚设计时,为保证排烟效果,檐高h不应低于2.6m,拱高H的最大值不宜大于檐高的1.5倍。     

隧道竖井自然排烟原理分析

从隧道竖井水力分析、火风压和自然排烟影响因素等方面,分析了隧道自然排烟原理,为隧道竖井结构和布置的优化研究,提供必要的理论依据。     

地铁隧道通风系统火灾运行模式分析

介绍列车在区间隧道发生火灾时,排烟模式设计的主要原则与目的.就目前地铁隧道区间与车站轨行区采用的常规的横向排烟、纵向排烟、半横向排烟等模式进行系统组成介绍、功能描述与排烟效果分析.引入了临界风速的概念,并与现行的规范所要求排烟风速进行比较分析.介绍了纵向排烟与半横向排烟在目前国内地铁中的应用,并对以上各种排烟模式的优缺点及应用状况进行了分析.同时详细阐述了目前国内地铁车站轨行区发生火灾时,车站站台的排烟模式设计的主要原则与目的;对岛式车站与侧式车站的排烟模式分别进行论述.对站台排烟时现行规范要求的站厅与站台间楼梯口口部风速与实际情况中为满足烟气扩散所要求的风速进行对比分析.     

建筑工程防排烟设计在消防审核中常见问题剖析

现在的设计人员在进行消防设计时,往往只注重了建筑、给排水和电气的消防设计,却忽略了防排烟的设计。本文笔者根据自身建筑工程消防审核的经验,结合《高层民用建筑设计防火规范》（以下简称《高规》）等技术规范,对于防排烟设计在消防审核中常见问题进行探讨。     

Viscosity Lowering of Difldnisal Fatty Suppository by Hydrogehated Lecithins

Diflunisal (Dif), Salicylic Acid Derivative, Is A Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (Nsaid). Preparation Of Dif Suppositories Which Have A Good Bioavailability Was Attempted. Suppositories Containing Dif (250 Mg, Oral Dose) Were Made By The Fusion Method With Pharmasol B-115 (1050 Mg). However, The Dif Suppository Melt Revealed High Viscosity, And The Finding Was Considered To Be Not Acceptable For Manufacture. Accordingly, The Investigation Was Designed To Select An Optimum Additive Which Is Effective To Lower The Viscosity Of The Suppository Melt. The Viscosity Of The Suppository Melt Was Determined By Utilizing Rotating-Cy1inder Viscometer And Then Bingham Viscosity And Yield Value Were Evaluated. As The Results, Some Lecithins And Magnesium Stearate Were Found To Be Effective To Lower The Viscosity Of Dif Suppository Melts. The Theologically Optimum Formulation Contains Lecinol S-10 (4%) And This Formulation Was Evaluated. In The Evaluation, Physical Properties Such As Melting Point, Hardness, Softening Time, Viscosity Etc., Were Measured By Common Methods. Their Properties Were Satisfactory And Were Practically Stable At 5'c. Dif Itself Was Also Stable In Suppository Melts At 60°C.     

Viscosity Lowering of Difldnisal Fatty Suppository by Hydrogehated Lecithins

Abstract

Diflunisal (Dif), Salicylic Acid Derivative, Is A Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (Nsaid). Preparation Of Dif Suppositories Which Have A Good Bioavailability Was Attempted. Suppositories Containing Dif (250 Mg, Oral Dose) Were Made By The Fusion Method With Pharmasol B-115 (1050 Mg). However, The Dif Suppository Melt Revealed High Viscosity, And The Finding Was Considered To Be Not Acceptable For Manufacture. Accordingly, The Investigation Was Designed To Select An Optimum Additive Which Is Effective To Lower The Viscosity Of The Suppository Melt. The Viscosity Of The Suppository Melt Was Determined By Utilizing Rotating-Cy1inder Viscometer And Then Bingham Viscosity And Yield Value Were Evaluated. As The Results, Some Lecithins And Magnesium Stearate Were Found To Be Effective To Lower The Viscosity Of Dif Suppository Melts. The Theologically Optimum Formulation Contains Lecinol S-10 (4%) And This Formulation Was Evaluated. In The Evaluation, Physical Properties Such As Melting Point, Hardness, Softening Time, Viscosity Etc., Were Measured By Common Methods. Their Properties Were Satisfactory And Were Practically Stable At 5'c. Dif Itself Was Also Stable In Suppository Melts At 60°C.     

基于“日用即道”理念的文创产品设计策略

目的文创产品是传播文化的载体,满足人们的情感需求。遵循"日用即道"的设计理念,设计与大众生活息息相关的实用性文创产品,实现文创产品的生活应用价值,满足人们日常使用的需求。方法通过对中国的古代哲学思想"日用即道"相关理论的研究,解决我国文创产品设计中存在的问题,提出文创产品设计应该以生活语境为关注点,挖掘人们的使用需求,进行文创产品实用性设计、情感化设计以及可持续设计。结论结合"日用即道"理念的文创产品设计将满足人们对文创产品物质和精神功能的双重需要。基于此设计理念的文创产品设计将会提高大众的生活品味,展现生活美学,达到设计改善生活的目的。     

梦想，成就我的设计人生

写出您对设计的理解、对生活的体验、对人生的认识．这是本刊新栏目“设计人生”的宗旨． 无需长篇大论、也不一定是正本范文．只把您身边的趣事，把您创作的激情，把您亲身的经历浓缩于栏目中的字里行间．就是一篇好文章，就是一种很好的交流。     

基于功能模式的概念结构生长型设计研究

为解决功能-结构映射问题,首先提出了功能表面映射模型。功能表面作为功能-结构映射的信息载体,可分为定位表面和使定表面,进而提出了基于功能表面的功能传递链。通过对生物个体与产品的类比,提出了概念结构生长型设计方法,依据广义定位原理和分解重构理论,建立了基于功能表面的功能模式,具体包括执行模式、传动模式和定位模式,得到了基于功能模式的概念结构生长型设计过程模型。最后,以偶件滚字夹具设计为例,说明了基于功能模式的生长型设计过程。     

CAPP 策略对CAD 方法的启示

根据设计过程自动化要求,提出了ＣＡＰＰ方法移植到ＣＡＤ技术中实现变型设计方案。文中详细分析了派生式ＣＡＰＰ与产品变型设计的类比过程,给出了基于相似性原理的产品分类编码方法,提供了一套相对独立的产品变形设计特性代码操作机制。     

NUMERICAL CALCULATION OF PARTICLE COLLECTION IN ELECTRICALLY ENHANCED FIBROUS FILTERS

The collection of particles In an electrostatically enhanced fibrous filter Is Investigated numerically. Individual particle pathlines are computed within a model filter. The model filter Is composed of an array of parallel cylinders arranged In a regular pattern. The effect of such forces as electrophoresis, dielectrophoresis, Brownian motion, and particle Inertia Is considered. It Is shown that the model can predict the Influence of these forces on the collection efficiency of a fibrous filter, and that the model Is able to match available data of enhanced collection to a reasonable degree of accuracy.     

NUMERICAL CALCULATION OF PARTICLE COLLECTION IN ELECTRICALLY ENHANCED FIBROUS FILTERS

The collection of particles In an electrostatically enhanced fibrous filter Is Investigated numerically. Individual particle pathlines are computed within a model filter. The model filter Is composed of an array of parallel cylinders arranged In a regular pattern. The effect of such forces as electrophoresis, dielectrophoresis, Brownian motion, and particle Inertia Is considered. It Is shown that the model can predict the Influence of these forces on the collection efficiency of a fibrous filter, and that the model Is able to match available data of enhanced collection to a reasonable degree of accuracy.     

Cycle Optimization Involving the Use of Filter Aids

A method for optimizing the quantity of filter aid powders used In constant rate pumping operations In plate and frame, recessed plate, and leaf filters Is presented. In contrast to the usual assumption that there Is a fixed fraction of filter aid admix which yields the best results, we demonstrate that the optimum amount of filter aid varies with cake thickness, washing and dead times, and use of a membrane for expression or simply pressing out residual slurry In a filter press at the end of filtration. The specific problem treated in this paper relates to the adaptation of a constant rate pump to an existing filter equipped with cake squeezing membranes. The separation is limited by a specified pressure, and the maximum cake thickness Is fixed by the filter geometry.

The optimum fraction of filter aid rises as cake thickness Increases.     

创意性思维在日用陶瓷设计中的应用

讲述了日用陶瓷设计与创意的观点,并阐明了在日用陶瓷设计中功能是创意的灵魂,功能决定着产品的结构、女性化是陶瓷创意的发展趋势,并且创意一定要和物质材料、加工工艺紧密结合,创意的语义一定要在形态上让人一目了然.