水平微肋管内冷凝换热特性实验关联式的研究进展

概述目前国内、外空调制冷行业中普遍采用的水平微肋管内冷凝换热特性的实验关联式及其影响因素,指出正确地选用实验关联式,为空调制冷行业中冷凝器的优化设计及其制造提供可靠的依据.     

微肋管内流动冷凝压降关联式的研究

本文进行了微肋管内R134a两相流动冷凝换热实验,分析了实验工况、微肋管结构参数对管内压降的影响,并使用关联式对管内压降进行了预测。实验结果显示:管内压降与质量速率、肋片螺旋角呈正相关,与冷凝温度、冷却水雷诺数Re呈负相关; Cavallini et al关联式、Haraguchi et al关联式、Pierre关联式可实现对管内压降的高精度预测,预测平均误差均在17%以内,而Goto et al关联式高估了管内压降;参考Goto et al关联式拟合机理,基于微肋管内R134a压降实验数据,对气相/液相折算系数Φ_v/Φ_l与参数X_tt之间关系进行重新拟合,进而提出适用于预测管内压降的关联式,经验证:新关联式预测误差在±30%以内,预测平均误差小于10%。     

R22和R407C在水平微肋管内冷凝传热与压降的性能分析

根据两相流动换热理论，建立纯制冷剂和非共沸混合制冷剂R407C在微肋管内冷凝的稳态分布参数模型。在此基础上用分布参数法求解控制方程，得出在不同流量、不同干度下，R22和R407C在微肋管内的冷凝传热性能，同时还得出它们在微肋管内流动的压降。本模型可用于分析R22及R407C在系统中的整体换热性能，为冷凝器的优化设计、制冷系统的匹配提供依据。     

R22和R410A在水平微肋管内冷凝性能的实验研究

建立无润滑油的实验台,以R22和R410A为工质,测试微肋管的传热系数,并将其结果进行比较。从实验数据可以得出,R22传热系数最高,R410A的压降值最小,该管较好地验证了实验的正确性,同时说明了实验管的高效性。     

R134a在微肋管内流动冷凝换热计算关联式的改进

本文选用表面传热系数为评价指标,对外径为6.35 mm的微肋管内R134a两相流动冷凝换热特性进行实验研究,分析了水力工况、测试管结构参数等对管内表面传热系数的影响,还选用Cavallini et al.关联式、Miyara et al.关联式和Oliver et al.关联式对微肋管内表面传热系数进行预测,发现Cavallini et al.关联式对微肋管内换热性能的预测能力最好,关联式预测值与实验值的平均误差、标准误差分别为-21.47%和21.94%。虽然Miyara et al.关联式预测值与实验值的平均误差、标准误差分别为16.21%、30.65%,但两者之间的误差范围为-47.12%～82.32%,说明在部分工况下Miyara et al.关联式对管内换热性能的预测仍存在较大误差。三个关联式中,Oliver et al.关联式的预测能力最差,预测值与实验值之间平均误差高达-54.93%,因此,实验根据现有实验数据对Oliver et al.关联式进行了修正,修正Oliver et al.关联式对管内换热性能的预测能力大大提高,预测值与实验值的平均误差、标准误差分别为-2.37%和10.77%。     

微肋管内制冷剂流动沸腾换热研究进展

内微肋管是增强管内凝结与沸腾换热的重要技术之一,在制冷空调领域有着广泛的应用。本文基于对近年文献回顾,从实验和计算关联式两方面综述了微肋管中沸腾换热的研究现状,总结了质量流速、热流密度、干度、管道结构、润滑油等对换热系数和压降的影响,讨论了现有的沸腾换热关联式的适用性和准确性,并指出了需要进一步研究的问题。     

微肋表面强化液氮温区冷凝传热特性的数值模拟研究

开展了微肋表面强化氮蒸气凝结传热的机理研究,基于CFD数值方法建立了竖直方向平板和微肋板上氮蒸气冷凝的三维数值模型,对比分析了平板表面和微肋表面的冷凝换热效果,通过表面冷凝的液膜分布和速度分布等内在参数揭示平板和微肋表面的冷凝换热机理。结果表明,氮的冷凝传热性能在微肋表面上得到显著提升,在1.5 K的冷凝传热温差下,其平均传热系数提高1.6倍,初步揭示了微肋表面(肋高H=0.6 mm、节距p=1 mm)对强化氮冷凝的有效性。分析显示,微肋的弯曲结构改变了液膜的空间分布,通过减薄局部液膜厚度实现了冷凝的强化。     

R134a在微肋管内的冷凝换热特性

本文在35、40和45℃三种冷凝温度下,对R134a在微肋管内的冷凝换热进行了实验研究。选用质量流量、冷凝温度、微肋管结构参数为变量,以总传热系数、水侧传热系数、制冷剂侧表面传热系数及压降为评价指标。结果表明:总传热系数、制冷剂侧表面传热系数、压降均随着质量流量的增加、冷凝温度的降低和管径的减小而增大,而水侧传热系数随质量流量的增加而稍有降低,冷凝温度对其值影响并不大。热阻分析时发现:随着质量流量的增加,水侧热阻占总热阻比值逐渐增加,而制冷剂侧热阻所占比值逐渐减小,但制冷剂侧热阻总小于水侧热阻;对换热器进行综合性能进行评价时,以表面传热系数与压降的比值(单位压降表面传热系数)为指标,发现该比值均随质量流量的增加呈先减小后增大的趋势,并随着冷凝温度的降低、管径的减小而增大。     

低螺纹管的冷凝换热分析

管壳式冷凝器是制冷空调、石油化工行业中应用广泛的一种换热器。在制冷工程中常用低螺纹管作为换热管,使其具有更好的换热特性。本文对低螺纹管的膜状冷凝换热进行了分析计算,建立了低螺纹管基本换热单元面积计算和低螺纹管在基管、翅片及翅顶上的凝结换热模型以及管簇对冷凝换热的影响模型,并对影响其换热的结构参数和运行参数进行了分析探讨。模型对观客换热器得失优化设计和运行分析具有重要的理论价值和实际应用意义。     

强化管内流动沸腾换热研究现状

介绍了强化管内流动沸腾换热国内外的研究现状,分析了微肋管内流动沸腾换热的影响因素,并且给出了几个实用的微肋管内沸腾换热关联式,最后对微肋管内沸腾换热的研究方向进行了讨论.     

R22饱和蒸汽在C-S水平管外凝结换热的实验研究

以R22为工质在套管式冷凝器中对C-S水平管在饱和蒸汽状态下冷凝传热的性能进行实验研究，得出凝结换热系数与表面张力及蒸汽流速之间的关系，并拟合出其实验关系式。     

一种新型高效传热铜管的冷凝传热性能实验研究

建立无润滑油实验台，以R22。R134a和R410A为工质。测试新型铜管Turbo-DWT和常规内螺纹铜管Turbo—A的冷凝传热性能，并进行比较。从实验数据可知。新管型Turbo-DWT的冷凝传热系数高于Turbo-A约42％，且压降低于Turbo-A约65％（R134a）。三种制冷荆相比，R22的传热系数最高，R410A的压降最小。Turbo-DWT是一种更高效的冷凝传热管，且适用于各种冷媒。     

齿形参数对内螺纹铜管换热及阻力性能的影响

介绍ACR内螺纹铜管齿形参数——齿条数及齿顶角对蒸发单管换热性能及阻力性能的影响。     

R134a在水平直齿外翅片管表面冷凝传热实验研究

在对R134a在水平直齿外翅片管表面冷凝传热理论研究的基础上,利用用计算机建立了传热数学模型,并在实验室中用5根紫铜外翅片铜管进行试验验证,结果表明该理论数学模型在一定范围内的预测值是准确的.     

Determination of optimal geometrical parameters of peripheral mills to achieve good process stability

This paper focuses on optimization of the geometrical parameters of peripheral milling tools by taking into account the dynamic effect. A substructure synthesis technique is used to calculate the frequency response function of the tool point, which is adopted to determine the stability lobe diagram. Based on the Taguchi design method, simulations are first conducted for varying combinations of tool overhang length, helix angle, and teeth number. The optimal geometrical parameters of the tool are determined through an orthogonal analysis of the maximum axial depth of cut, which is obtained from the predicted stability lobe diagram. It was found that the sequence of every factor used to determine the optimal tool geometrical parameters is the tool overhang length, teeth number, and helix angle. Finally, a series of experiments were carried out as a parameter study to determine the influence of the tool overhang length, helix angle, and teeth number on the cutting stability of a mill. The same conclusion as that obtained through the simulation was observed.The full text can be downloaded at https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs40436-018-0226-9.pdf     

Heat transfer during reflux condensation of R134a inside a micro-fin tube with different tube inclinations

This study presents an experimental investigation of the heat transfer occurring during reflux condensation of refrigerant R134a in an inclined micro-fin tube (0.008 m OD, 0.5 m length). The experiments were carried out at a system pressure of 0.74 MPa and at inclination angles of 30°, 38°, 45°, 60° and 90° from the horizontal. The experiments indicated that the inclination angle has a significant effect on heat transfer during reflux condensation. The maximum reflux heat transfer coefficient was found at 30° inclination angle. At this arrangement, the heat transfer increased by a factor of 2.45 compared to the vertical case. A comparison with previous studies suggests that the heat transfer in a micro-fin tube is 2.2 times better than that in a plain tube, and 1.34 times better than that in a plain rectangular channel both at 30° inclination.     

Numerical analysis of laminar film-wise condensation

A numerical method is presented for the analysis of laminar film-wise condensation of vapour flowing downwards on a horizontal tube. The governing equations of condensate flow include the pressure gradient, inertia and convective terms in addition to gravity and viscous terms. The effect of vapour shear on condensation is determined by simultaneous computation of the condensate and vapour flow fields using compatible interfacial conditions. Results obtained from the analysis are given in diagrams and compared with the results given in literature.     

Raising the accuracy in determining the geometrical parameters and calibration of vertical cylindrical vessels on checking

Methods are described for making measurements with electronic tacheometers and scanners that allow one to raise the productivity of labor by a substantial factor while increasing the accuracy in determining the geometrical parameters of the vessels. Formulas are given for estimating the geometrical parameters from the coordinates of points on the tank walls, and also estimates of the accuracy obtained by least-squares fitting. __________ Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 3, pp. 29–33, March, 2007.