采用Petri技术构建高校应急预案管理模型

应急预案管理是高校突发公共事件应急体系的重要组成部分,为提高高校处理突发公共事件的效率,对高校应急预案管理进行深入的分析并建立系统模型,通过随机Petri网建模,为进一步开展预案管理流程的分析、优化工作奠定基础。     

OWL应急预案本体构建研究

参与组织间的知识表示和共享是应急反应系统的关键问题。通过分析应急反应系统对应急预案知识的需求，构建一种基于OWL面向应急预案领域的领域本体。实验表明，构建的应急预案领域本体可以为应急反应系统中不同组织进行知识共享和互操作，提供形式化的预案知识表示。     

工程项目生产安全事故应急预案编制问题分析

本文从工程项目生产安全事故应急预案编制中存在的问题出发,对目前工程项目生产机构设置的情况和应急预案编制的现状进行分析,讨论在工程项目生产中存在的主要问题,并有针对性地提出了相应的解决对策,从而为工程项目生产安全事故应急预案编制提供更多可操作性强的参考意见。     

关于建立医院思想政治工作应急预案体系的探索与思考

社会预警体系健全与否，是社会进步的重要标志之一，并已上升到国家战略高度。医院作为社会主义市场重要组成部分，随着各项事业以及周围环境的不断发展而进步，其队伍的稳定性开始面对日趋严峻的考验，医患关系紧张、医疗纠纷等问题不断出现。如何有效地预防和处理各种类型的群体性突发事件，已成为保持医疗卫生事业稳定发展中最为关键环节之一，而建立健全医院思想政治工作的相关应急预案体系这一做法，是将各项工作加以规范化的一种可行的方案。成功地预防和处置群体性突发事件这一问题，是全社会所关注的焦点问题。在医院中思想政治工作应急预案体系的建立更是关系到大局稳定，故而这一举措可以被定义为维护医院安全稳定并以此支持事业发展的关键一步。本文针对这一状况，提出相应的解决方案。     

冷藏库应建立“事故应急处理预案”

随着我国冷藏库数量的不断增加和它在易腐食品流通中的重要地位，冷库的安全生产管理越来越受到重视，冷库管理者应针对可能突发的重大事故，制订应急处理预案，以减小事故所造成的损失。本文就建立“事故应急处理预案”的必要性，事故的预防工作，编制“事故应急处理手册”，发生重大事故的处理程序及事故处理后应妥善做好的有关工作分别作了叙述。     

HAZOP分析方法的应用

HAZOP分析方法是根据科学的步骤和方法来实现的,主要是对工程项目和生产设施设备存在的潜在危险进行系统的预先分析、评价,识别设施设备设计与操作流程、维修流程存在的缺陷,再根据分析结果提出整改意见和建议,从而使设施设备在工艺过程中的安全性和操作性得到进一步的提高,也为制定防灾预案与应急预案提供理论上的依据。本文就简单介绍了HAZOP分析的流程和内容,并对在实践中面临的问题进行了分析讨论,加强相关人员对HAZOP分析方法的理解。     

掘砌工程突发事件应急预案、应急措施及处理流程

本文介绍掘砌工程中垂直运输与火灾及突然停电的应急预案、常见事故应急措施、紧急事件处理流程等内容。     

应急救援研究体系探讨

应急救援工作得到了社会的重视,目前对应急救援的研究很多,大部分着眼于救援装备、救援技术方法上。本文从应急救援规划、应急救援管理、应急救援实施这一纵向思路,构建应急救援研究体系框架,从系统机理、救援原理、体系结构的角度,把应急救援研究划分为理论体系、管理体系和技术体系,并对3个体系之间的相互关系和研究内容进行初步分析,从空间架构上描述应急救援的研究体系,为建立健全应急救援系统的规划、设计、管理、实施提供参考。     

江西省质监局修订完善特种设备事故应急预案

<正>为有效应对和预防特种设备事故的发生,最大限度地减少事故造成的人员伤亡和财产损失,近期,江西省质监局根据我国新颁布实施的《中华人民共和国特种设备安全法》的要求,对《江西省特种设备事故应急预案》进行了修订完善,并将特种设备事故应急管理工作全面纳入全省应急救援体系中。这次修订主要完善了预案的五个方面内容。一是按《中华人民共和国特种设备安全法》重新定义特种设备内容,规范上报程序;二是进一步明确了各部门在事故     

冰雪天气与下滑台保护区场地维护的分析

本文对大雪导致下滑台天线保护区场地发生改变使得下滑台告警关机的原因进行了分析,并对该情况的处理流程进行了阐述。最后针对这种冰雪天气提出了下滑反射区防冰雪预案,该预案对类似情况的预防以及处理有一定指导意义。     

城市重大事故应急辅助决策支持系统研究

针对严重影响我国经济发展和社会稳定的城市重大事故，研究了典型城市重大事故动态模拟的模型和方法，并开发了反应及时、决策科学和资源高效利用的事故应急决策支持系统，主要包括以下功能：城市不同功能区典型重大事故的动态模拟；城市不同功能区典型重大事故应急决策；城市不同功能区、不同事故类型的应急预案库；城市重大事故应急决策与指挥调度决策。该系统充分运用了先进的信息管理手段和工程技术，可及时发现事故隐患、控制事故扩展和蔓延并及时采取救援措施，使财产损失和人员伤亡减少到最低程度。     

An integrated emergency ordering and production planning optimization model with demand and yield uncertainty

This paper proposes an integrated emergency ordering and production planning scheme for a multi-item, multi-product problem in which each product is composed of several ingredients. Each item can be supplied from both cheap unreliable suppliers prone to yield uncertainty and expensive reliable suppliers. A two-stage decision-making process is proposed in which orders are placed to the unreliable suppliers during the first stage and an emergency order can be placed in the second stage. In addition, a flexible backup ordering contract between the buyer and emergency supplier is proposed. A similar two-stage decision-making process is considered for production planning, where in the first stage, the main production plan is determined and in the second stage, the decision about a limited increase in the production plan is made as an emergency decision. An integrated ordering and production planning decision process is proposed for the problem. The value of emergency decisions, including the value of emergency ordering and the value of emergency production planning evaluates the effectiveness of the emergency decisions. Due to the staggering size of the problem, sample average approximation method is used to solve the problem.     

Modeling emergency evacuation for major hazard industrial sites

A model providing the temporal and spatial distribution of the population under evacuation around a major hazard facility is developed. A discrete state stochastic Markov process simulates the movement of the evacuees. The area around the hazardous facility is divided into nodes connected among themselves with links representing the road system of the area. Transition from node-to-node is simulated as a random process where the probability of transition depends on the dynamically changed states of the destination and origin nodes and on the link between them. Solution of the Markov process provides the expected distribution of the evacuees in the nodes of the area as a function of time. A Monte Carlo solution of the model provides in addition a sample of actual trajectories of the evacuees. This information coupled with an accident analysis which provides the spatial and temporal distribution of the extreme phenomenon following an accident, determines a sample of the actual doses received by the evacuees. Both the average dose and the actual distribution of doses are then used as measures in evaluating alternative emergency response strategies. It is shown that in some cases the estimation of the health consequences by the average dose might be either too conservative or too non-conservative relative to the one corresponding to the distribution of the received dose and hence not a suitable measure to evaluate alternative evacuation strategies.     

源于工业生产事故溯因的复杂人机系统可靠性分析流程研究

目的探索和研究复杂人机系统可靠性的分析流程。方法首先从特征的角度建立简单人机系统结构模型。在此基础上结合社会技术系统理论建立复杂人机系统结构模型,接着结合轨迹交叉理论和功能共振思想进一步构建S-F网络图。在具体分析一起实际发生过的生产安全事故的过程中,融合S-F网络图、功能共振分析方法和贝叶斯网络理论进行改进,最后分析事故系统的可靠性和敏感性。结果可靠性分析的结果表明事故系统的可靠度为0.7834。经敏感性分析得出对事故系统可靠度影响程度较大的三个关键节点失效率。结论分析系统预期优化效果提出了针对事故系统的优化方案。总结出一种具体到人和机器的复杂人机系统可靠性分析模型。     

Integrated process planning and scheduling – multi-agent system with two-stage ant colony optimisation algorithm

In this paper, a two-stage ant colony optimisation (ACO) algorithm is implemented in a multi-agent system (MAS) to accomplish integrated process planning and scheduling (IPPS) in the job shop type flexible manufacturing environments. Traditionally, process planning and scheduling functions are performed sequentially and the actual status of the production facilities is not considered in either process planning or scheduling. IPPS is to combine both the process planning and scheduling problems in the consideration, that is, the actual process plan and the schedule are determined dynamically in accordance with the order details and the status of the manufacturing system. The ACO algorithm can be applied to solve IPPS problems. An innovative two-stage ACO algorithm is introduced in this paper. In the first stage of the algorithm, instead of depositing pheromones on graph edges as in common ant algorithms, ants are directed to deposit pheromones at the nodes to select a set of more favourable processes. In the second stage, the set of nodes not selected in the first stage will be ignored, and pheromones will be deposited along the graph edges while the ants traverse the paths connecting the selected set of nodes.     

A multi-level heuristic search algorithm for production scheduling

This paper introduces a multi-level heuristic search algorithm for identifying the optimal production schedule considering different levels of manufacturing requirements and constraints. The multi-level heuristic search algorithm generates search nodes at different levels. An upper level search node is composed of lower level search nodes, and evaluated based upon the evaluation of these lower level search nodes using a heuristic function. A production scheduling system was developed based upon the multi-level heuristic search algorithm. In this scheduling system, production requirements and constraints are represented at three different levels: task level, process level, and resource level. A task describes a manufacturing requirement. A process defines a method to achieve the goal of a task. A resource, such as a machine or a person, is a facility for accomplishing a required process. The multi-level heuristic search-based scheduling system was implemented using Smalltalk, an object-oriented programming language. Discussions on scheduling quality and efficiency are addressed at the end of this paper.     

Communication Mechanism and Algorithm of Composite Location Analysis of Emergency Communication based on Rail

The emergency communication system based on rail is an unconventional emergency communication mode, it is a complement equipment for that conventional communication system can’t work while tunnel mine accident occurs. Medium of transmission channel is the widely existing rail in the tunnel. In this paper we analyzed the characteristics of the rail transmission channel, verified the feasibility that information is transmitted by vibration signal in rail, we proposed the realization plan of the system. Communication protocol and processing mechanism suitable for rail transmission are designed according to the characteristics of channel bandwidth and low data transmission. Information communication with low bit rate and low bit error is realized in the communication simulation model. In the simplified model, we realized to transmit recognition speech information, and the error rate of the key text information is low to accept. The most concerned problem of personnel location in the mine disaster rescue is proposed, the composite algorithm is based on the model of signal amplitude attenuation, key node information and data frame transmission delay. Location information of hitting point can be achieved within the simplified model of the experiment. Furthermore, we discuss the characteristics of vibration signals passing through different channels.     

关于民用机场紧急情况计划的探讨

潜在的飞机事故威胁在任何社会、任何地点都是存在的。提高机场对紧急情况响应和处理能力的最有效的方法是建立一套完整的、切合实际的机场紧急情况计划。文章对机场紧急情况计划的设计过程及计划内容进行了分析探讨，指出机场紧急情况计划应由前言、管理方案、响应机构、行动方案、恢复运行和辅助计划６个部分组成     

Analysis of an accident at a solvent recovery plant.

An accident in a plant for solvent recovery from solvent-contaminated wastes was examined. An experimental investigation of the accident was carried out using calorimetric and thermogravimetric techniques. The immediate cause of the accident was an unforeseen exothermic decomposition reaction. The main underlying cause of the accident was the absence of safety culture in the plant management, that resulted in the lack of a testing procedure to evaluate the thermal stability of the process feed. A simplified screening procedure based on differential scanning calorimetry was used in order to test the thermal stability of the nonvolatile fraction of the solvent-contaminated wastes present on the plant in order to be processed. More than 75% of the samples examined showed exothermal decomposition phenomena starting at temperatures higher than 100 degrees C. These phenomena were common to solvent wastes that originated from a number of different industrial activities. Thus, the thermal instability of the process feed is one of the main problems in solvent recovery operations. Our analysis of the accident suggested that the safe operation of waste solvent recovery processes requires an accurate characterization of the thermal stability of the process feed. Process safety is also increased by an adequate emergency vent and an accurate control of operating temperature, that may be reduced operating under vacuum. Safety devices may also include a water supply for emergency quench.     

Current practices for risk zoning around nuclear power plants in comparison to other industry sectors

This paper analyses the background and current status of the information basis leading to the definition of risk and emergency zones around nuclear power plants (NPPs) in different countries in Europe and beyond. Although dependable plant-specific probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) of level 2 and/or level 3 could in principle provide sufficiently detailed input to define the geographical dimension of a NPP's risk and emergency zones, the analysis of the status in some European and other countries shows that other, "deterministic" approaches using a reference accident are actually used in practice. Regarding use of level 2 PSA for emergency planning, the approach so far has been to use the level 2 PSA information retrospectively to provide the justification for the choice of reference accident(s) used to define the emergency plans and emergency planning zones (EPZs). There are significant differences in the EPZs that are defined in different countries, ranging from a few up to 80km. There is a striking contrast in the extent of using probabilistic information to define emergency zones between the nuclear and other high risk industry sectors, such as the chemical process industry, and the reasons for these differences are not entirely clear, since the risk of chemical industry is similar as that of the nuclear sector. The differences seem to be more related to risk perception than to the actual risk potential. Therefore, there is a strong need to be able to communicate risk information to the Public both before and following an accident. In addition, there is a need to educate the Public so that they can understand risk information in a comparative sense. Finally, based on the consensus discussions at a recent JRC/OECD International Seminar on Risk and Emergency Zoning around NPPs, a set of recommendations is given in the areas of: -a more comprehensive use of the available risk information for risk zoning purposes, -risk communication; -comparative (energy) risk assessment.