ZnMn2O4微/纳米纤维的制备及其性能的研究

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为络合剂与醋酸锌〔Zn(CH3COO)2〕和乙酸锰(Mn(CH3COO)2)反应制得前驱体溶液,用静电纺丝法制备了PVP/Zn(CH3COO)2/Mn(CH3COO)2复合纳米纤维,经煅烧得到具有微孔结构的Mn掺杂ZnO微/纳米纤维。对所制备纤维分别采用差热-热重分析(TG-DTA)、红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段进行了表征。结果表明:PVP/Zn(CH3COO)2/Mn(CH3COO)2纤维表面光滑,直径约300～700nm,经煅烧后,可得到Mn掺杂ZnO微/纳米纤维,XRD测试表明煅烧后的无机纳米纤维呈ZnMn2O4晶相。     

天然纤维水镁石的深加工及抗菌性能研究

以天然纤维水镁石为主要原料,对其进行破碎、超细粉碎深加工,利用超细粉碎-表面改性一体化工艺技术将纤维水镁石超细粉体与少量Cu2+、Zn2+和Cu2+/Zn2+抗菌剂复合,制备出了具有灭菌率达99%的天然水镁石抗菌剂。将各型抗菌剂与聚丙烯(PP)、接枝聚丙烯熔融混炼后制成抗菌母粒,按一定比例与PP复合制备抗菌复合材料。结果表明,抗菌母粒添加量为10%(天然水镁石抗菌剂为5%)时,抗菌复合材料的力学性能最佳,抗菌复合材料的抗菌性能较好,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率都超过81%。此外,Cu2+/Zn2+复合纤维水镁石抗菌剂中存在Cu2+、Zn2+协同抗菌效应。     

无机抗菌材料抗菌机理研究进展

无机材料作为抗菌剂进入人们的视野以来,其材料特性与抗菌机理不断得到研究.无机抗菌材料主要分为金属离子型(如Ag、Cu、Zn等)与金属氧化物光催化型(如TiO2、ZnO等),将其制备成纳米级材料后,其由于比表面积增大,可以更好地吸附于微生物,获得更好的抗菌效果.同时,相比于有机抗菌材料和天然抗菌材料,无机抗菌材料具有毒性低、稳定性高、耐久性好、不容易引起细菌耐药性的优点.然而,近些年对无机抗菌材料抗菌机理的提出与研究缺乏系统的分析和论证,大部分研究人员仅对某一金属型抗菌材料提出该种材料的抗菌机理.银系抗菌材料的抗菌机理是无机抗菌材料中研究较为深入的,一般认为银系抗菌材料释放出Ag+,Ag+吸附于细菌表面,然后击穿细胞膜进入细胞内部与细胞内容物发生反应,最后导致细菌失活.而金属氧化物光催化型(如TiO2)抗菌材料由于其较宽的光学带隙在光照的条件下可发生光催化反应,从而产生大量如·OH、·O2-一类的自由基,当这些自由基与细胞接触时,与细胞内有机物反应,导致细菌失活.本文归纳了各种无机材料的抗菌机理研究方式及内容,并对其进行了总结分析,根据抗菌活性物质和作用对象将抗菌机理分为三类:直接接触型、溶出-渗透型和催化氧化型.目前的研究表明,三种抗菌机理往往共同存在,相互交错,对其机理分析仍不透彻,因此建议从分子生物学和基因层面,比如细胞修复、蛋白质转换等方面揭示抗菌机理.     

无机粉体抗菌材料的研究进展

无机抗菌剂由于其独特的性能而成为当前抗菌材料领域的研究开发热点.本文对无机抗菌剂的分类、制备方法、抗菌机理及应用进行了综述,并结合应用现状讨论了无机粉体抗菌材料的发展前景及存在的问题.     

负载型无机抗菌材料的研究进展

抗菌材料可防止细菌、霉菌等微生物对人类生活的影响。对负载型无机抗菌材料进行了综述,负载型无机抗菌剂的载体、抗菌成分、制备条件等对抗菌性能的影响和抗菌机理等方面进行了归纳和分析,最后对无机抗菌材料的研究前景做了展望。     

Cu2+、Zn2+复合无机抗菌剂的制备及性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了以Al2O3为载体,以Cu2 、Zn2 为抗菌成分的复合无机抗菌剂,研究了制备条件及粒度大小对抗菌性能的影响,结果表明:当Cu2 、Zn2 的含量(质量分数)比为(0.8～1.18):2,烧结温度为800、900℃,保温时间为2h时,抗菌效果最好;此抗菌剂平均粒径为81.7nm,且样品中具有抗菌作用的物质为Cu2 、Zn2 的氧化物及它们与Al3 或是与Al3 和O2-生成的固溶物.     

含Ag-Zn无机抗菌剂的Ca3(PO4)2涂层的抗菌性能

采用等离子喷涂方法在OCr18Ni9Ti不锈钢基体上制作分别含有不同含量Ag-zn无机抗菌剂的涂层.X射线衍射(XRD)测试分析表明:涂层中的Ag-Zn无机抗菌剂为ZnO2、Ag2O2和Ag2SO4;涂层对大肠杆菌ATCC 8099和金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC 6538的抗菌性能表明:含Ag-Zn无机抗菌剂的磷酸钙涂层具有优异的抗菌性能,随涂层中Ag-Zn无机抗菌剂含量的增加和涂层与细菌作用时间的延长,涂层的抗菌率提高.     

微弧氧化生成钛酸盐系铁电薄膜研究

为开发新的铁电薄膜制备工艺,需将Ti板微弧氧化.采用Ba(OH)2、Ba(CH3COO)2、BaCl2、Ba(OH)2+Ba(NO3)2及Pb(CH3COO)2对Ti板进行微弧氧化试验,并对生成的薄膜进行物相组成和显微形貌的分析.结果表明:Ti板在BaCl2、Pb(CH3COO)2及Ba(OH)2+Ba(NO3)2中不...     

金属粒子/光催化氧化物型复合纳米抗菌剂的研究发展

以TiO2、ZnO为代表的光催化抗菌剂在环境卫生方面展现出了优良的特性及广阔的应用前景,目前,围绕光催化抗菌剂衍生出多种具有重要研究价值的复合型抗菌材料.本文评述了一类新型抗菌剂--金属粒子/光催化氧化物型复合纳米抗菌剂的研究现状,重点介绍了其组成、特性、制备方法及抗菌机理,在此基础上提出了该类抗菌剂的应用前景及未来发展方向.     

TiO2载Cu2+、Zn2+无机抗菌剂的制备及性能研究

采用固相合成法制备以TiO2为载体,以Cu2 、Zn2 为主要抗菌成分的无机抗菌剂,研究了制备条件及Cu2 、Zn2 含量对抗菌性能的影响,结果表明:当热处理温度为450～600℃,保温时间为2h,Cu2 和Zn2 质量百分含量比为(0.66～1.18):(2～3)时,样品均具有较好的抗菌效果;具有最好抗菌效果的样品中,TiO2以锐钛矿相存在,同时羟基氧的生成及Cu2 和Cu 的共存,使得样品具有良好的抗菌效果.     

聚丙烯无纺布活性包装材料的制备及性能研究

目的研究新型的抗菌保鲜、力学性能高的聚丙烯无纺布活性包装材料。方法以聚丙烯无纺布为包装基材,通过浸渍涂覆的方法向无纺布中添加不同组分的壳聚糖和茶多酚,然后通过透气性、保鲜性、抗菌性以及FTIR等来表征研究茶多酚添加量对活性材料性能的影响。结果由红外分析可知,茶多酚的加入提高了壳聚糖与基材的相容性;由保鲜实验可知,材料可延缓杨梅的腐败变质,减缓了可滴定酸含量的下降速率,能减少蒸腾作用引起的杨梅质量损失,延长了货架期(从4 d延长至8~10 d),起到了很好的保鲜作用;由抑菌试验可知,材料具有很好的抑菌效果。当茶多酚质量分数为1.5%时,其抑菌效果最好,抑菌率最大为99.1%。结论通过对制备的活性包装材料与空白对照组的各种性能相比较,可知聚丙烯活性包装材料具有很好的保鲜抑菌效果,并且具有较高的力学性能,当壳聚糖和茶多酚质量分数均为1.5%时材料的性能最佳。     

Facile fabrication of superior antibacterial cotton fabric based on ZnO nanoparticles/quaternary ammonium salts hybrid composites and mechanism study

In the research for the safe and efficiently antibacterial cotton fabrics to minimize risk for human health, an organic–inorganic hybrid material of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) was employed to modify cotton fabrics by a dipping–padding–drying method. The synergistic effects of ZnO NPs and QAS on the structure and antibacterial properties of cotton fabrics were studied in detail. Results displayed that the QAS and ZnO NPs were immobilized firmly in cotton fabric by the formation of chemical covalent bonds and silica gel structure. ZnO/QAS/cotton had a good inhibitory effect on the growth of E. coli and S. aureus, with superior antibacterial efficiency of >99.99%. ZnO/QAS/cotton preserved good mechanical property, water absorbability, and limpness. We also provided a detailed analysis of antibacterial mechanism for the hybrid materials. The contact mechanism and the Zn²⁺ release were considered as the main mechanisms for the ZnO/QAS/cotton, while the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation only had a little contribution to the antibacterial activity. In short, the excellent integrated properties endowed the hybrid cotton fabrics as potential application in many fields, like healthcare, food packaging.     

Ultraviolet Resistance and Antimicrobial Properties of ZnO in the Polypropylene Materials:A Review

ZnO is a multifunctional material with UV-blocking,antimicrobial,photo-catalytic activity and selfcleaning properties.The application of ZnO has become an interesting subject both in science and industries in the polymer materials.A great number of investigation indicated that introduction of ZnO can improve ultraviolet resistance and endow antimicrobial properties of polypropylene(PP) materials to broaden the application range and prolong the usage life of polypropylene materials.This mini-review contains examples of recent research advances on ultraviolet resistance and antimicrobial properties of ZnO in the filled polypropylene materials.It is found that ultraviolet resistance and antimicrobial properties of ZnO supported on the surface of other inorganic particles are higher than those of nanoand micro-ZnO particles,which may inspire further developments of filled PP and its copolymer materials with high ultraviolet resistance and antimicrobial properties.     

Biocomposites from Musa textilis and polypropylene: Evaluation of flexural properties and impact strength

Abaca (Musa textilis)-reinforced polypropylene composites have been prepared and their flexural mechanical properties studied. Due to their characteristic properties, M. textilis has a great economic importance and its fibers are used for specialty papers. Due to its high price and despite possessing very distinctive mechanical properties, to date abaca fibers had not been tested in fiber-reinforced composites. Analysis of materials prepared showed that, in spite of reduced interface adhesion, flexural properties of the PP composites increased linearly with fiber content up to 50 wt.%. Addition of a maleated polypropylene coupling agent still enhanced the stress transfer from the matrix to the reinforcement fiber. As a result, composites with improved flexural properties were obtained. The mechanical properties of matrix and reinforcing fiber were evaluated and used for modelling both the flexural strength and modulus of its composites. In addition, the impact strength of materials was evaluated. Comparison with mechanical properties of composites reinforced with fiberglass points out the potentiality of abaca-reinforced polypropylene composites as suitable substitutes in applications with low impact strength demands.     

Extrusion and mechanical properties of highly filled cellulose fibre–polypropylene composites

This study focused on manufacturing of highly filled cellulose fibre–polypropylene composites and evaluation of the mechanical properties of the composites. Cellulose fibre reinforced polypropylene composites with up to 60 wt% of fibres with and without coupling agent were manufactured by extrusion. In order to achieve consistent feeding of the fibres into the extruder a pelletization technique was used where the fibres were pressed into pellets. Two commercial grades of cellulose fibres were used in the study, bleached sulfite and bleached kraft fibres. Fibre dimension measurements showed that the pelletization process and extrusion at high fibre loading caused the most severe fibre breakage. Flexural testing showed that increased fibre loading made the composites stiffer but reduced the toughness. Addition of maleic anhydride grafted coupling agent (MAPP) increased the stiffness and strength of the composites significantly. In general, there was no significant difference in the mechanical properties between the composites with kraft and sulfite fibres. An interesting finding was that the flexural modulus and strength of the MAPP modified cellulose fibre–polypropylene composites were not higher than what has previously been reported for wood flour–polyolefin composites. Scanning electron microscopy showed that addition of coupling agent improved the interfacial adhesion between the fibres and polypropylene matrix.     

Composite materials based on wood and nylon fibre

Nylon-wood fibre and polypropylene-wood fibre composite materials were manufactured without any additives to determine the effects of wood fibre on the mechanical properties of the different composites. The raw materials used were eucalypt hardwood fibre, Nylon fibre obtained from stockings, and polypropylene (PP) pellets. A hot press technique was used to manufacture the composite materials, and improvements in the manufacturing methods are suggested. Tests were carried out on the manufactured boards to determine tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. Fracture surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy to investigate failure mechanisms. An increase in tensile strength and modulus of elasticity was observed in wood fibre/Nylon matrix composites, indicating that interfacial bonding occurred between these two phases. Bundles of wood fibres with internal voids prevent achieving maximum mechanical properties. The tensile strength of the PP based composites decreased significantly with increasing wood fibre content.     

SPTW 对聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响

目的研究六钛酸钾晶须添加量的不同对聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响。方法采用硅烷偶联剂KH550改性六钛酸钾晶须(SPTW),利用熔融共混法,将改性过的六钛酸钾晶须与聚丙烯(PP)、马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)熔融共混制得PP/PP-g-MAH/SPTW复合材料。结果比较不同含量的六钛酸钾晶须对复合材料力学性能的影响,发现添加适量改性过的六钛酸钾晶须可明显改善复合材料的力学性能。随着六钛酸钾含量的不断增加,其弯曲强度也增大,当SPTW的质量分数为12%时,弯曲强度提高了21.5%,随着含量的继续增加,弯曲强度开始下降;其拉伸强度和冲击强度都呈先增加后降低的趋势,在SPTW质量分数为8.3%左右时,其拉伸强度和冲击强度分别提高了19.7%和31.8%。结论在聚丙烯中添加经硅烷偶联剂KH550改性的SPTW,其质量分数为12%时,力学性能最佳。     

Estimation of the interfacial shears strength,orientation factor and mean equivalent intrinsic tensile strength in old newspaper fiber/polypropylene composites

The present paper investigates the suitability of old newspapers (ONPs) as a source of reinforcing fibers for composite materials. Different percentages of ONP fibers were compounded with polypropylene (PP). A coupling agent was added to the compound to improve the interface between matrix and reinforcing fibers. Tensile test were performed to obtain the mechanical properties of the composite materials. Micromechanics of the fibers were obtained using Hirsch model, Bowyer–Bader methodology and Kelly–Tyson equations. Due to the presence of a percentage of calcium carbonate in the obtained fibers (10%), the computed intrinsic characteristics were addressed as equivalent. The most important results were the mean equivalent intrinsic tensile strength of the ONP fibers, the mean orientation angle and the mean interfacial shear strength. The contributions of the matrix, the subcritical and the supercritical fibers to the tensile strength of the composite material were also computed.     

纳米二氧化钛抗菌包装用纸的性能研究

目的研究不同种类以及不同质量分数的纳米TiO_2抗菌剂对包装用纸抗菌效果和物理力学性能的影响。方法向抗菌纸表面涂布纳米TiO_2抗菌剂悬浮液,并进行干燥处理,再进行抗菌性能及物理力学性能测试,研究纳米TiO_2对抗菌纸抗菌性能和物理力学性能的影响。结果纳米TiO_2抗菌纸对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均有抑制作用,不同种类的纳米TiO_2抗菌纸达到最佳抗菌效果的浓度值不同;此外,纳米TiO_2抗菌剂对于纸张的白度、耐折度、撕裂度和耐破度无显著影响。结论纳米TiO_2抗菌纸在保持原有物理力学性能的基础上,可有效抑制细菌的繁殖生长,可作为具有抗菌效果的包装用纸推广使用。     

锌掺杂正极材料尖晶石LiMn_2O_4的制备及电化学性能

为改善锂离子电池正极材料LiMn2O4的电化学循环性能,以乙酸锂、乙酸锰和乙酸锌为原料,采用固相法制备了LiMn2-xZnxO4(x=0.02、0.04、0.06),并与未掺杂的LiMn2O4进行性能比较。X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析表明所制备的LiMn2-xZnxO4具有与LiMn2O4同样的尖晶石结构,锌的掺入细化了尖晶石颗粒,增强了Li+在固相中的扩散能力。电化学测试结果显示锌掺杂能抑制LiMn2O4的电化学容量衰减现象,使其循环性能得到显著提高。其中LiMn1.96Zn0.04O4表现出最佳的循环性能,循环20次后放电容量可保持在106.6mAh/g。