基于3M特征的设计知识表达模型

针对目前支持创新设计的知识多是分类表达和管理,缺乏统一的知识表达和管理模型的问题,提出了一种基于3M（multi-attribute multi-dimensional multi-hierarchy,多属性多维度多层次）特征的知识统一表达与管理方法。根据支持创新设计的知识需求,将知识属性分为创新属性和基本属性两大类：创新属性是对知识内容的抽象化提取并实现知识间的多属性关联,包括知识的功能、输入输出流、TRIZ原理、领域属性;基本属性是对多学科知识物理属性的具体表述,包含背景、功能、原理、结构属性。通过建立基于知识创新属性和基本属性统一架构的知识表达模板,实现对不同类型知识的综合表达与交叉迁移,并根据该方法构建了相应知识库原型系统。以核反应堆堆下结构改进设计为例,说明了知识库的应用流程。结果表明此知识模型能够实现对设计知识的统一表达和管理,有利于知识的查找和应用,能有效地辅助设计者进行创新设计。     

基于模糊KANO模型的质量属性分类方法及其应用

针对传统Kano问卷不能有效反映顾客复杂的心理情况,企业不能准确地进行产品/服务质量属性分类的情况,提出基于模糊Kano模型的质量属性分类方法.设计模糊Kano问卷,运用模糊综合评价,分析了模糊Kano模型用于质量属性的分类方法及实现过程,并通过在快递业的实证研究验证其可行性和有效性.该研究对于企业考虑到顾客消费动机,精确获取顾客需求,实施有效的服务管理策略具有一定的创新意义.     

支持规避设计的海量专利质量评价模型

专利规避设计需从现有专利中遴选具有核心竞争力的目标专利，以提升技术起点。针对设计领域的海量专利信息，提出了专利质量多指标主客观综合评价模型。分析专利书目信息与专利质量存在的正相关关系，甄选存活期、权利项数、同族专利数、引证数和被引证数等书目信息指标，构建了专利质量多指标综合评价指标体系，提升了评价方法的科学性和可操作性；提出将德尔菲法、层次分析法和均方差决策法相结合的主客观赋权法，确定专利质量评价指标权重，既保证了评价的权威性，又减小了个人偏见与从众妥协等因素的影响；建立了基于质量评价模型遴选目标专利的过程模型，并通过应用实例验证了该模型对遴选具有核心竞争力专利的有效性。     

支持产品创新的专利知识库系统构建及应用

专利作为一种包含信息较为丰富的知识载体,是支持创新设计的重要资源.基于对机电领域专利信息的分析与整理,结合TRIZ理论及FBS求解过程,对专利文件中所涉及的技术参数、功能以及发明原理进行分析和提取,通过计算专利知识间的关联度将提取后的专利知识进行关联组织,并构建了相应专利知识库原型系统.设计人员可以通过多种检索方式在系统中获得所需的专利知识信息,从而为产品创新设计提供支持.最后通过折叠自行车设计实例说明专利知识库的应用.     

基于多层次模糊理论的列车驾驶界面布局综合评价

目的 从人因工程学角度,基于多层次模糊理论提出一种列车驾驶人机交互界面的评价方法.方法 针对当前地铁列车驾驶作业,基于驾驶任务分析,从能够直接反映舒适性的人体关节活动角度出发,构建了列车驾驶界面综合评价的"任务—器件—动作"指标体系.基于多层次模糊理论构建用于评价列车人机交互驾驶界面布局的模型,通过设计人因实验,使用层次分析和模糊粗糙集法获取各层级指标权重,展开对列车驾驶界面布局方案的综合量化评价.结论 以北京地铁全自动列车驾驶台布局为例,使用该方法验证了综合评价模型的有效性和可行性,能够为地铁列车驾驶界面前期的布局设计阶段提供理论与实践指导.     

影响电压暂降问题的多源属性排序方法

对电压暂降的多源属性进行分析,不仅能为供电工程的规划设计、设备选型、运行维护等环节提供全过程技术支撑,还可以有效评估电能质量事件的风险及其严重程度。该文提出电压暂降的多源属性贡献度排序方法。首先,列举电压暂降的多源属性,将其分为内源属性和外源属性;然后,采用设备兼容度指标,计算多源属性下设备的暂降兼容度,并建立基于层次分析法的三层致因体系,针对多源致因属性的权重进行计算;最后,利用蒙特卡洛法进行仿真,结合实际工程数据,分析多源致因属性下发生电压暂降的严重性程度,评估结果验证该方法可行。     

基于复杂网络的产品族造型意象耦合网络模型构建方法

目的 拓展产品族多意象设计相关知识的获取途径,提升产品族造型创新设计的能效。方法 基于产品族造型意象耦合特性,引入复杂网络中的多层网络概念,利用造型特征间的多意象表达关系,构建了产品族造型意象耦合网络模型。利用节点敏感性与中心性分析产品族造型意象耦合网络,识别各造型特征节点属性类型以作为模型析出知识。结合产品族设计的特点,总结归纳适用于产品族设计的各造型特征节点类型并制定其类型运用规则,以辅助设计师进行产品族造型创新设计。结果 以马自达汽车前脸造型设计为例,构建了马自达汽车前脸造型意象耦合网络模型,析出了产品族相关设计知识并运用于汽车前脸设计。结论 产品族造型意象耦合网络模型丰富了产品族多意象设计相关知识的获取途径,可用于辅助产品族设计,提升设计能效。     

一种基于属性约简和SOM的客户细分方法

客户细分是保险行业进行差异化营销的基础。由于知识冗余的存在,采用传统的聚类方法进行客户细分存在细分质量低的问题。为有效进行客户细分,提出基于属性约简和SOM的聚类模型。应用属性约简规则处理数据可有效识别冗余知识,找出关键属性;将关键属性作为SOM神经模型的输入,提高客户细分质量。以H保险公司作为实例,使用该模型进行客户细分,通过聚类结果比较,证明方法有效。     

复杂机械系统M-DGP数字样机构建理论研究

基于对复杂机械系统多领域多粒度多阶段(M-DGP)特征的分析,构建了复杂机械系统层次化信息模型和面向分析的信息模型,继而研究了多粒度特征组织、多阶段特征演化和多领域特征耦合的方法,形成了复杂机械系统的M-DGP数字样机的构建理论,最后通过水电机组信息模型和管形座数字样机的构建,实现了M-DGP数字样机的构建方法.M-DGP数字样机可利用多领域的知识和方法有效解决复杂机械系统设计中的多种技术矛盾和冲突,从而有效地缩短研发周期和降低研发成本.     

项目区域风险的模糊综合评价方法研究

针对项目区域风险诸多非精确量且属性复杂的评价条件，建立了系统、完整的项目区域风险评价指标体系。基于多层模糊推理，结合层次分析法提出了一种多属性、多层次、综合考虑项目区域风险因素的三级模糊综合评价方法。这种方法按风险来源作为风险因素对项目区域风险进行分类，每大类再按其属性分层次评价，并依次将评价结果进行合成后得出最终的综合评价排序。最后通过一个简单算例说明了该方法的具体步骤及其有效性。     

基于TRIZ理论的快递电动车创新设计

目的 发现并解决现有快递电动车使用时的问题,提出创新设计方案。将多种设计方法结合,得到更加完善的解决方案。方法 首先,在iNPD理解机会阶段,引入TRIZ理论中基于专利分析的技术成熟度预测模块,运用智慧芽软件进行专利检索与分析,判定产品的生命周期,确定产品的创新方向。其次,概念化机会阶段,引入冲突矩阵分析法和40个发明原理进行产品创新设计。最后,对方案进行价值属性分析评价。结果 设计出改良版的快递电动车。优化后的快递电动车车厢分为左右两侧,内部采用可灵活移动的隔板装置,解决了之前车厢空间利用率低等问题。结论 TRIZ 理论可以很好地解决设计中的具体问题;iNPD可以获取以用户为中心的准确需求,完善TRIZ理论中该部分的不足。研究和应用 TRIZ 理论对各种产品的创新设计具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

逆向学习耦合多属性查询的图像排序/检索优化算法研究

目的提出逆向学习耦合多属性查询的图像同步排序/检索优化算法,以解决当前算法检索效率与精度不高等问题。方法引入逆向学习概念,利用复杂无损函数,设计图像检索机制,优化训练误差。考虑查询项属性相关性,将训练图像分割成多个子集,联合权重因子,构造图像排序模型。对于给定的多属性查询,文中算法可以利用查询项中隐含的单词属性完成检索。结果文中算法支持多标记查询,与当前图像排序搜索机制相比,在多属性查询条件下,文中算法具有更高的检索精度(当查全率为80%时,精度较对照组分别提高了8.3%和13.2%)与效率。结论文中算法能够支持多属性查询,能进一步增加检索精度。     

Should we manage the process of inventing? Designing for patentability

Intellectual property is considered to provide the infrastructure of innovation, and companies could proactively generate their intellectual assets and strengthen the business opportunities by focusing on discovery phases. This paper examines whether the invention process can be managed and finds that patents appear not only as a result of inventive activity but as the purpose as well. By building on recent design theories such as the concept–knowledge design theory, this research introduces a general framework that enables controlling for ‘patentability’ criteria, describes a patent in a unique way using actions, effects, and associated knowledge, and defines a patentable subject matter based on the notion of the person skilled in the art. Using the introduced model, several patent design methods are compared and their performances are characterized. The model was tested within the European semiconductor manufacturer, STMicroelectronics. The results indicate that the quality of patent proposals depends on the capacity to extend existing knowledge combinations, to overcome the initial design reasoning of the person skilled in the art, and to ensure novelty and sufficient inventive step. Finally, the proposed model in this research, the ‘design-for-patentability’ model, demonstrates that there is an unexplored property of the concept–knowledge design theory—non-substitution—showing that the order within design is irreversible and influences the quality of results.     

The inventive activities and collaboration pattern of university–industry–government in China based on patent analysis

China’s economy and technology have experienced spectacular growth since the Opening-up Policy adopted in 1978. In order to explore the innovation process and development of China, this study examines the inventive activities and the collaboration pattern of university, industry and government (UIG) in China. This study analyzes the Chinese patent data retrieved from the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Three models of UIG relations which represent different triple helix configurations are introduced. According to the property of patent assignee, patent ownership can be divided into three types: individuals, enterprises, and universities and research institutes. Furthermore, enterprises can be classified into state-owned enterprise (SOE), private-owned enterprise (POE) and foreign enterprise (FE). The corresponding relationship of patent ownership with UIG is set up. Through analyzing the issued year, it is found that the inventive activities of China have experienced three developmental phases and have been promoted quickly in recent years. The achievement of innovation activities in China primarily falls on the enterprise, especially FEs and POEs. The innovation strengths of the three development phases have shifted from government to university and research institute and then industry. According to co-patent analysis, it is found that the collaboration between university and industry is the strongest and has been intensified in recent years, but other forms of collaboration among UIG have been weak. In addition, an innovation relation model of China was set up. The evolution process of innovation systems was explored, from etatistic model, followed by improved “laissez-faire” model, and then shifting toward triple helix model.     

基于信息熵多属性决策的物流供应商选择评价

生产商选择合适的物流供应商有利于降低营运成本,提高竞争优势.高效的第三方物流活动在增强企业核心竞争力、降低企业成本等方面起着重要作用.针对传统的熵值和熵权计算公式的不足,提出改进的熵权计算公式.同时把专家的主观权重和样本自身产生的熵权相结合,通过一定的方式混合加权作为不确定属性的权重.在此基础上结合多属性决策模型建立多属性决策评价方法.该方法将主、客观分析相结合,具有一定的优势：既减少了决策问题的主观性,又使得整个评价过程能够量化,有效解决了第三方物流供应商选择评价中的不确定多属性决策问题.最后通过实例分析证明该方法的可行性和有效性.     

Research on petroleum patent valuation based on Value Capture Theory

The valuation of patent technology is a research hotspot in the area of intellectual property. How to objectively value a patent is still a thorny issue, especially in industries with long industry chains like the petroleum industry. This paper combines with the technical characteristics of the petroleum industry, builds up a set of patent value evaluation systems including the index system, the calculation of indicator weights, the determination of scoring criteria, and the expert score calculation innovatively. The model constructed based on the Value Capture Theory effectively combines the cost method and the benefit method in traditional assessment methods, avoiding the problem of obtaining the patent transaction data that market method required. The calculating process which adopts triangle fuzzy matrix increases the objectivity of the evaluation process. Different criteria for eight different fields of petroleum are applied in this paper, which make each specific patent evaluation model suitable for the petroleum industry. In addition, the process of evaluation becomes relatively simple and easy to implement.     

多方法融合的柑橘自动剥皮设备创新设计

目的设计一种能提高一次剥净率、降低果肉破损率的柑橘自动剥皮设备。方法提出一种多方法融合创新设计模型,并将其应用于柑橘自动剥皮设备的创新设计中。首先,根据Kano模型得到柑橘自动剥皮设备的用户需求属性;然后,结合公理设计理论完成域间映射,得到设计矩阵;由独立公理判断出设计矩阵类型,得到设计矩阵是准耦合设计,运用TRIZ理论进行解耦设计,得到柑橘自动剥皮机的创新设计方案;最后,结合层次分析法和模糊综合评价法对设计方案进行评价。结果利用该创新设计模型得到的柑橘自动剥皮机创新设计方案,在功能属性、安全属性和经济属性等3个方面都要优于现有的柑橘自动剥皮设备。结论设计的柑橘自动剥皮设备满足设计要求,验证了该创新设计模型的可行性及合理性。     

A multi-attribute dispatching rule for automated guided vehicle systems

This paper considers the dispatching problem associated with operations of automated guided vehicles (AGVs). A multi-attribute dispatching rule for dispatching of an AGV is developed and evaluated. The multi-attribute rule, using the additive weighting method, considers three system attributes concurrently: the remaining space in the outgoing buffer of a workstation, the distance between an idle AGV and a workstation with a job waiting for the vehicle to be serviced, and the remaining space in the input buffer of the destination workstation of a job. A neural network approach is used to obtain dynamically adjusting attribute weights based on the current status of the manufacturing system. Simulation analysis of a job shop is used to compare the multi-attribute dispatching rule with dynamically adjusting attribute weights to the same dispatching rule with fixed attribute weights and to several single attribute rules. Results show that the multi-attribute dispatching rule with the ability to adapt attribute weights to job shop operational conditions provides a better balance among the performance measures used in the study.