酚醛树脂/木粉复合材料制备木材陶瓷结构变化过程研究

酚醛树脂/椴木木粉复合材料经高温真空碳化制成了木材陶瓷。利用XRD、SEM和FTIR技术对碳化温度和酚醛树脂/木粉质量比对木材陶瓷物相、微观结构和物理化学结构变化的影响进行了表征和研究。结果表明,木材陶瓷具有拓扑均匀的连通孔的三维网络结构,是含有C C、C—O—C和C—H等基团的类石墨结构的碳/碳复合材料;随碳化温度的升高,(002)峰强度增大,晶面间距d₍₀₀₂₎降低,碳化木粉收缩,其间隙增大;酚醛树脂/木粉质量比增大,浸渍树脂的木粉成形能力改善,所得木材陶瓷结构更均匀,但其对木材陶瓷的XRD衍射花样影响不大。     

镍改性酚醛树脂热解形成石墨烯机理研究

通过配位反应,将镍离子引入酚醛树脂结构中,在惰性气氛保护下制备镍改性酚醛树脂,并将其分别在600、800、1000℃下进行碳化处理。XRD检测结果表明:600℃时热解碳出现明显的C(002)晶面衍射峰;当温度升高(800、1000℃)时,半峰宽增大,峰位左移,峰强度减小。SEM和TEM的检测结果表明,即使在1000℃下,普通酚醛树脂热解碳仍为无定形碳,而温度高于800℃后镍改性酚醛树脂热解碳中生成石墨烯,且升温和增大催化剂用量均有利于石墨烯生成。镍改性酚醛树脂炭化形成石墨烯的过程遵循"溶碳析碳机制"。     

一种新型多孔SiC的制备与性能研究

以滤纸和酚醛树脂为原料,通过模压成型、固化、碳化和渗硅制备出微观结构均匀的多孔碳化硅.碳化的温度固定时,多孔碳的气孔率随酚醛树脂用量的增大而减少,弯曲强度随着酚醛树脂用量的增大而增大.酚醛树脂/滤纸两种成分的质量比固定时,气孔率随着碳化温度的升高而减小,弯曲强度随着碳化温度的升高而增大,从SEM照片可以看出,由滤纸纤维的杂乱排列和碳化时不同的收缩率产生了相互连通不规则的孔,在多孔碳化硅结构中也得以保留.多孔碳化硅的气孔率随着排硅时间的增加而增大,强度和韧性随着排硅时间的增加而减小.在1650℃,并经过30min排Si,较大孔隙中的Si就可以排掉,此时得到的多孔SiC具有较高的强度和韧性.     

棉秆陶瓷的X射线研究

阐述了棉秆陶瓷的制备过程,并利用X射线研究了不同温度和原料配比所制备的棉秆陶瓷在炭化过程中的结构变化.结果表明,随着炭化温度的升高和酚醛树脂的增加,XRD谱图中衍射峰、强度以及石墨化程度逐渐增大,而石墨微晶的平均层间距d(002)逐渐减小.     

普通纸张模板纤维素碳化机理的研究与多孔木材陶瓷的制备

以普通纸张和酚醛树脂为模板制备出新型多孔碳模板,深入研究纤维素碳化的机理.碳化过程的收缩率随树脂/纸张复合体中树脂含量的增大而减小;所得多孔碳的气孔率随树脂/纸张复合体中树脂含量的增大而减小,且随碳化温度的升高而减小;多孔碳的弯曲强度随树脂/纸张复合体中树脂含量的增大而增大,并随碳化温度的升高而增大.     

甘蔗渣和环氧树脂制备碳木材陶瓷的研究

采用固体废弃物甘蔗渣为原料,与环氧树脂混合后真空烧结制备碳木材陶瓷。利用TG-DSC分析了木材陶瓷的热分解行为。利用XRD、SEM表征了木材陶瓷的相组成和微观结构,研究了碳化温度对木材陶瓷的残炭率、体积收缩率、平面尺寸收缩率、厚度收缩率和体积电阻率的影响。结果表明:甘蔗渣制备的木材陶瓷是一种多孔碳材料,随着碳化温度升高,石墨化程度提高;烧结温度每升高100℃,残炭率降低约1%～2%,体积收缩率升高0.5%～1%。平面尺寸和厚度收缩率与烧结温度正相关。体积电阻率随温度升高而降低。     

PAN原丝在预氧化及碳化石墨化过程中微观结构的变化研究

利用拉曼光谱和X射线衍射对聚丙烯腈原丝在预氧化以及碳化石墨化阶段的微观结构进行研究,分析了纤维的石墨结构有序性、晶态结构在不同处理阶段的变化规律。结果表明,240℃开始出现明显的拉曼特征峰;在碳化过程中,逐渐形成碳基平面,G峰峰强不断增强,有序性提高;石墨化过程中,D、G峰的半高宽(FWHM)和R值迅速减小,并出现G′峰,有序性进一步提高。在碳化石墨化阶段,随着处理温度的提高,产生乱层石墨结构,晶面间距d002减小,微晶尺寸La、Lc增加,C—C原子键距不断增大并接近SP2杂化碳原子间距。     

粉煤灰-页岩二元体系显气孔率与制品烧结特性的研究

通过利用工业废弃物粉煤灰制备烧结制品,测试了烧结制品的强度、收缩率、体积密度,重点研究了显气孔率对烧结制品性能的影响,分析了粉煤灰含量和烧结温度对烧结制品性能的影响.结果表明,烧结制品的体积密度随显气孔率的增大而减小.烧结制品的直径与高度收缩随显气孔率的增大先增大后减小.当ω(粉煤灰)∶ω(页岩)=7∶3(质量比)、烧结温度为1000℃时制品性能最佳,烧结制品的显气孔率为39.0%,强度为28.29MPa.     

仿生制备多孔ZrC/C复合陶瓷材料

以碳化后的梧桐木块作为碳模板,采用金属锆作为锆源,在KCl和KF的混合熔盐体系中制备了多孔ZrC/C复合陶瓷材料。研究了不同碳化温度对碳模板的显微形貌、显气孔率和体积密度的影响。并采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了梧桐木的碳化过程以及复合材料的物相组成和显微形貌。结果表明:梧桐木的碳化分为有机物的热分解和石墨化两个过程;碳化后的梧桐木保留了多孔的特征结构,随着碳化温度的升高,碳模板显气孔率变大,体积密度减小;反应时间的延长有利于增强ZrC层与碳模板基体表面的结合力;KF的加入量需要严格控制,过量的KF会破坏复合材料的结构。     

掺Fe酚醛树脂合成及其催化石墨化研究

以二茂铁、苯酚、甲醛和草酸为原料,合成了掺Fe热塑性酚醛树脂；红外光谱(FTIR)结果表明,掺Fe酚醛树脂为线型酚醛树脂.利用X射线衍射( XRD)研究了Fe掺入比、炭化温度对酚醛树脂石墨化度的影响,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对酚醛树脂炭微观结构进行了表征.结果表明:当炭化温度为600℃时,酚醛树脂炭有明显的石墨化碳(002)峰,Fe元素的掺人大大降低了酚醛树脂炭石墨化温度；在600～1200℃内,酚醛树脂炭石墨化度随着炭化温度和Fe掺人比的升高而增大；掺Fe酚醛树脂炭基体中有石墨化碳纳米管生成.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Investigation of the Corrosion Behaviors of HVOF-Sprayed Carbide Cernet Coatings in Molten Al-Zn-Si Alloy Bath

In continuous hot-dip galvanization process the corrosion and chemical stability of the sink roll in the galvanizing bath are important problem which effects on the quality and productivity. In order to protect the sink roll the carbide cermet and/or ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of the sink roll. The WC-, Cr3 C2-cermet coatings were deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spray, respectively. The coating samples were immersed in molten Zn-alloy containing 50 wt % aluminum at 833 K for 24 hr and 144 hr, respectively. The inter-diffusion and inter-reaction of Zn, Al and elements in coating and corrosion behaviors of these coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EPMA etc. The corrosion mechanisms of the carbide cermet coatings and ceramic coatings in molten High Al-Zn-alloy were approached.     

Fundamental study of adhesion of ice to cooling solid surface (Discussion on influence of copper oxide layer on ice adhesion force)

In many situations, ice often adheres to a cooling solid surface, frequently causing serious accidents. It is critical to clarify the mechanism of ice adhesion to the cooling surface in order to prevent ice adhesion. In a past study, the shearing stresses of two kinds of test plates with a copper surface having the higher thermal conductivity were measured. The shearing stress corresponds to ice adhesion force. Both shearing stresses were significantly different; however, the cause remains unclear.Therefore, the present study focuses on an oxide layer as the main factor causing the difference of both shearing stresses; the influence of the oxide layer formed on shearing stress was discussed. And in the removal and reformation processes of the oxide layer, the time variation of the shearing stress was clarified. Moreover, the relationship between the state of the copper surface and the shearing stress was also clarified by surface analysis.     

＂Three Transformations＂ and Standardization

During his inspection in Henan Province in May, Chinese President Xi Jinping stressed to ＂push forward the transformation from China Speed to China Quality, from Made in China to Created in China, and from Chinese Products to Chinese Brand＂. The ＂Three Transformations＂ are the specific requirements and goal of China＇s national development in the context that market should play a decisive role in the allocation of resources.     

重塑标准推行格局 推动LED照明的普及（英文）

正When you are enjoying the green,energy-saving and healthy lighting of IKEA LED luminaire,you may not realize that most of IKEA’s LED bulbs are produced by the LED luminaire smart manufacturing system of Hangzhou Zhongwei Photoelectricity CO.,LTD(ZVISION).No longer enclosed in the laboratory,the product standards are brought into the factory workshop and even to the entire production process.Thus,the standards are promoted and applied in a favorable way by enterprises,benefitting consumers with high quality products.     

Chinese Experts Contribute to ISO＇s New Toy Standards

正The international standard,ISO 8124-6,Safety of toys–Part 6:Certain phthalate esters in toys and children’s products,was officially issued by ISO worldwide on August 15.It was the first time for Chinese experts to lead the ISO standard development in toys industry.The standard was drafted by a group of Chinese experts from SAC/TC for toys and relevant Chinese departments and finally completed by a dedicated international group of experts.ISO 8124-6 makes a substantive breakthrough in the aspects of the scope of toys,limitation of plasticizer types,control of test cost,accuracy of test,operation convenience,etc.,offering the operational guidance for toy manufactures and testing laboratories.