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3D打印技术是一项根据计算机模型设计快速加工和制造复杂几何形状组件的增材制造技术之一。其基于三维数据模型,通过电脑控制将材料进行逐层累积,最终将三维模型变成立体实物。相比于传统制造方法,3D打印技术具有节约工时、易操作、不需要模具、组件几何形状可控性强等优势。随着该技术的发展,依据打印技术成型的核心、材料以及设备等产生了熔融沉积塑型、选择性激光烧结成型、光固化立体成型/数字光处理成型、溶剂浇铸成型等若干类型的3D打印技术。本文重点介绍其中最具代表性的4种3D打印成型工艺的原理和特点,基于碳纳米管增强聚合物复合材料,综述近年来不同3D打印成型工艺的研究进展,同时预测3D打印成型工艺在该领域会向着高精度、产业化、大众化和高集成度的方向发展,3D打印材料的研发也会更具前景。 相似文献
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目的 构建基于“互联网+3D打印技术”的产品创新系统。方法 在智慧社会和创新3.0的愿景下,在“互联网+”和3D打印技术的支持下,基于互联网+众人创意,构建产品“云创意”模式;基于互联网+众人设计,构建产品“云设计”模式;基于互联网+3D打印技术,构建3D打印“云制造”模式;基于互联网+销售服务平台,构建3D打印“云销售”模式。结果 由“产品云创意”、“产品云设计”、“3D打印云制造”和“3D打印云销售”共同组成的基于“互联网+3D打印技术”的产品创新系统,能在极短时间内完成创新产品的3D打印成形和市场推广。结论 该系统为产品更新换代和抢占市场先机提供最有利的条件,是当今3D打印产业链中应用环节的一个重要革新,也是一个具有良好前景的大学生创新创业项目的切入点。 相似文献
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高分子3D打印材料和打印工艺 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
3D打印技术亦称为增材制造,是基于三维数学模型数据,通过连续的物理层叠加,逐层增加材料来生成三维实体的技术。3D打印技术与传统材料加工技术相比有许多突出的优势,吸引了国内外工业界、投资界、学术界、新闻媒体和社会公众的热切关注。目前制约3D打印技术发展的因素主要有两个:打印工艺和打印材料。高分子聚合物在3D打印材料中占据主要地位。介绍了当前3D打印常用的高分子材料(热塑性高分子和光敏树脂)和与之相适应的打印工艺(FDM、SLS、SLA、Polyjet等),并对它们的特性和优缺点进行了评述,讨论了这些3D打印材料和工艺的开发面临的问题和挑战。 相似文献
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3D打印技术具有速度快、精度高、造价低的特点,可用来实现用户定制产品的设计的后期加工环节,从而满足用户的个性化需求。3D打印技术采用了配置设计与调整设计方法实现针对个性需求的产品设计与生产。因此,基于3D打印技术的用户定制产品设计,在产品功能与产品外观上实现了定制化创新。本文从不同环节的工作内容、环节之间的衔接以及具体实现方法等方面进行论述,给出了基于3D打印技术的用户定制产品设计路径。 相似文献
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基于3D打印技术的自动化和智能化优势,将其应用于建筑业,成为当前工程领域研究的热点之一。但是,这种技术在设计方法、打印材料、打印设备以及施工工艺等方面还存在诸多问题,这在一定程度上限制了其大规模的推广应用。与其他应用领域相比,3D打印技术在建筑行业中的应用目前还处于初级阶段。相较于传统的建筑施工,3D打印技术具有如下潜在优势:(1)机械化程度高,施工快,成本低;(2)无模板施工,资源消耗少;(3)劳动强度低,节省人力;(4)施工过程安全、清洁、精确;(5)设计自由,实现轻质高强及多功能;(6)高度定制化,实现标准化与个性化的统一。 然而,由于3D打印技术与传统施工技术的不同,导致传统的普通混凝土无法直接应用于3D打印。而以层层堆叠方式打印的材料则普遍存在结构强度较低、层间形成施工冷缝等问题。因此,近年来研究者们在材料配合比、结构优化设计、评价标准以及施工工艺等方面不断探索,并取得了丰硕的成果。最近,已有不少3D打印技术成功应用于个性化住宅、桥梁建造等的案例报道。 在建筑业大尺度3D打印技术中已取得成功应用的包括轮廓成型工艺、混凝土打印工艺、D型打印工艺和数字建造工艺,其中轮廓成型工艺现已成为主流的建筑3D打印技术。建筑业3D打印建造技术的主要特征可概括为:基于挤出工艺分层打印混凝土、粉末台面配合使用粘结技术以及增强网格。为了满足3D打印的要求,在打印过程中,打印材料需要保持一定的可挤出性、可建造性、粘结性、可工作时间以及高强度。同时,混凝土结构需要一定的增强措施以确保结构的安全可靠性。此外,随着不同技术之间的相互融合,涉及到具体的项目应用时,可以采用某几个技术的联合。 本文系统总结了大尺度3D打印建造技术的发展过程和研究进展。以纤维增强水泥基材料为打印材料,综述了3D打印技术中原材料选择、材料特性、结构增强措施等关键问题。最后,对建筑3D打印技术的发展方向做了展望,以期为3D打印技术在建筑业中的应用推广提供借鉴。 相似文献
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J. L. Barron R. E. Mercer X. Chen P. Joe 《International journal of imaging systems and technology》2005,15(3):189-198
We present local least squares and regularization frameworks for computing 3D velocity (3D optical flow) from 3D radial velocity measured by a Doppler radar. We demonstrate the performance of our algorithms quantitatively on synthetic radial velocity data and qualitatively on real radial velocity data, obtained from the Doppler radar at Kurnell Radar station, Botany Bay, New South Wales, Australia. Radial velocity can be used to predict the future positions of storms in sequences of Doppler radar datasets.© 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 15, 189–198, 2005 相似文献
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A detailed investigation of the failure mechanisms for angle-interlocked (AI) and modified layer-to-layer (MLL) three dimensional (3D) woven composites under tension–tension (T–T) fatigue loading has been conducted using surface optical microscopy, cross-sectional SEM imaging, and non-destructive X-ray computed tomography (CT). X-ray microCT has revealed how cracks including surface matrix cracks, transverse matrix cracks, fibre/matrix interfacial debonding or delamination develop, and has delineated the complex 3D morphology of these cracks in relation to fibre architecture. For both weaves examined, transverse cracks soon become uniformly distributed in the weft yarns. A higher crack density was found in the AI composite than the MLL composite. Transverse cracking initiates in the fibre rich regions of weft yarns rather than the resin rich regions. Delaminations in the failed MLL specimen were more extensive than the AI specimen. It is suggested that for the MLL composite that debonding between the binder yarns and surrounding material is the predominant damage mechanism. 相似文献
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Iizuka K 《Applied optics》2012,51(6):763-770
When using stereographic image pairs to create three-dimensional (3D) images, a deep depth of field in the original scene enhances the depth perception in the 3D image. The omnifocus video camera has no depth of field limitations and produces images that are in focus throughout. By installing an attachment on the omnifocus video camera, real-time super deep stereoscopic pairs of video images were obtained. The deeper depth of field creates a larger perspective image shift, which makes greater demands on the binocular fusion of human vision. A means of reducing the perspective shift without harming the depth of field was found. 相似文献
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In this paper, the boundary integrals for treating 3D field problems are fully regularized for planar elements by the technique of integration by parts (IBP). As has been well documented in open literatures, these integrals appear to be strongly singular and hyper-singular for the associated fundamental solutions. In the past, the IBP approach has only been applied to regularize the integrals for 2D problems. The present work shows that the IBP can also be further extended to treat 3D problems, where two variables of the local coordinates are involved. The presented formulations are fully explicit and also, most importantly, very straightforward for implementation in program codes. To demonstrate their validity and our implementation, a few example cases of 3D anisotropic heat conduction are investigated by the boundary element method and the calculated results are verified using analyses by ANSYS. 相似文献
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Ideally, many materials should have a “knob” that allows for changing its properties at will, including the possibility to flip the sign of its behavior. This “knob” could be used to continuously tune the properties or in the sense of a digital switch. Such extreme level of stimulus–responsiveness has come into reach with recently increased possibilities of manufacturing complex rationally designed artificial materials called metamaterials on the micrometer scale. Here, we present mechanical metamaterials composed of liquid–crystal elastomers, whose director field is arranged into a designed complex three-dimensional (3D) pattern during the 3D laser printing process. External light from a blue LED, with intensities in the range of 10–30 W/cm2, serves as the stimulus. In the first example, we repeatedly flip the sign of the Poisson’s ratio of an achiral architecture within classical elasticity. In the second example, we flip the sign of the twist per strain in a chiral metamaterial beyond classical elasticity. The presented examples overcome major limitations in responsive mechanical metamaterials and we foresee many possible three-dimensional responsive micro-architectures manufactured along these lines. 相似文献
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