纺织品中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂含量的安全评价

邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂在纺织品中的应用对人类健康的影响已引起了广泛的关注。本文综述了国内外对纺织品中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂限制的法规与标准,分析了部分典型召回案例和我国企业可采取的应对措施。     

食品接触用塑料产品中19种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂GC-MS检测研究

研究建立了食品接触用塑料产品中19种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)法快速检测方法。塑料产品以正己烷为萃取溶剂,采用超声萃取法对产品中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂进行萃取,萃取液浓缩过滤后进行测定。19种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂在0.05~1mg/L、0.5~10mg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限(MDL)为0.1238mg/kg~0.9714mg/kg,加标回收率为89.6%~112.9%,相对标准偏差(RSDs)为2.61%~6.36%。该方法重现性好,检出限低,检测结果准确,可用于食品接触用塑料产品中19种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂含量的检测,为食品接触材料中邻苯二甲酸酯质量控制提供相应的技术支撑。     

聚氯乙烯用环保型增塑剂的研究进展

目的 综述了环保增塑剂制备的新方法与应用研究,为环保型增塑剂在聚氯乙烯中的应用提供一定的理论依据。方法 根据环保型增塑剂化学结构和功能的不同对其进行了分类,重点介绍国内外环保增塑剂的最新研究进展,详细介绍环氧植物油类、聚酯类、柠檬酸酯类、偏苯三酸酯类、环己烷二羧酸酯类等环保型增塑剂在聚氯乙烯中的应用研究,指出环保增塑剂需要解决的主要问题,并以此为基础对环保型增塑剂在聚氯乙烯中的发展趋势进行展望。结果 环保型增塑剂增塑改性的聚氯乙烯在力学性能、耐热性能、加工性能和稳定性等方面都媲美或优于邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂。结论 环保型增塑剂可替代具有潜在危害的邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂,具有广阔的应用前景。     

PVO医疗用品配方的分析

最近,由于美国FDA对常用的邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂,尤其是使用量大,且十分普遍的DCP（邻苯二甲酸二辛酯）,提出了有致畸危险性的可能后,现在已禁止在儿童玩具及食品包装中使用邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂。欧洲和北美等国根据这个新的规定,对我国出口的儿童用品及玩具,进行了检测,并以此作为退货的理由,这对我国已习惯了使用DOP增塑剂的玩具出口国,无疑是一个很女的打击,     

PVC医疗用品配方的分析

最近,由于美国FDA对常用的邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂,尤其是使用量大,且十分普遍的DCP(邻苯二甲酸二辛酯),提出了有致畸危险性的可能后,现在已禁止在儿童玩具及食品包装中使用邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂.欧洲和北美等国根据这个新的规定,对我国出口的儿童用品及玩具,进行了检测,并以此作为退货的理由,这对我国已习惯了使用DOP增塑剂的玩具出口国,无疑是一个很大的打击.     

ATR-FTIR法测定PVC食品包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯

目的为建立有效的邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂使用规范和监管制度,建立衰减全反射(ATR)-红外光谱法(FTIR)测定聚氯乙烯(PVC)食品包装材料中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂含量的检测方法。方法以聚氯乙烯食品包装材料为研究对象,利用ATR-FTIR法直接测定。结果邻苯二甲酸酯质量分数为0.5%~35%的PVC,具有1610~1570 cm~(-1)和750~720 cm~(-1)共计2处红外特征峰,且相关系数达到0.9994,线性关系良好;该法测定的精密度相对标准偏差均小于5.0%,准确度相对偏差绝对值均在10%以内。结论该方法简便、快速、环保,能够满足聚氯乙烯食品包装材料中快速检测邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的要求。     

微波辅助萃取-气质联用/选择离子监测法同时测定涂布纸中多种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂

以丙酮为萃取溶剂,采用微波辅助萃取技术萃取涂布纸中的邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂,萃取产物进行气相色谱/质谱-选择离子监测法测定,从而建立了一种同时测定涂布纸中多种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的方法。该方法简便快捷、灵敏度高、定性定量准确。方法的精密度试验RSD为3.12-5.97%,加标平均回收率为82.35-103.68%。在S/N=3的条件下,DINP和DIDP的检出限分别为1.0、2.0mg/kg,其余各组分检出限均小于0.4mg/kg。本方法可用于涂布纸中多种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的同时测定。     

GC-MS法测定烟用包装材料中非邻苯酯类增塑剂

目的为测定烟用包装材料中非邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的含量,建立气相色谱-质谱-离子扫描(GC/MS-SIM)技术同时测定烟用包装材料中12种非邻苯酯类增塑剂含量的检测分析方法。方法采用二氯甲烷溶液为溶剂,振荡萃取烟用包装材料中的目标物,经GC-MS-SIM分析后,以苯甲酸苄酯为内标进行定量。结果该方法在0.001～0.200mg/g范围内线性良好,决定系数R20.999,检出限范围为1.2～7.2μg/g,12种非邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的回收率在90.63%～102.99%之间(RSD为0.71%～5.37%,n=5)。运用该方法测定采集到的12种烟用包装材料,检测到了5种非邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂,其含量范围分别为己二酸二乙酯(0～0.0200 mg/g)、磷酸三丁酯(0.1699～0.1783 mg/g)、磷酸三苯酯(0～0.0231mg/g)、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯(0.0062～9.0358 mg/g)、柠檬酸三丁酯(0～0.0198 mg/g)。结论该方法便于操作,有较高的灵敏度,可满足快速准确分析的要求,适用于烟用包装材料中非邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂含量的检测分析。     

塑料玩具在模拟汗液、唾液中16种邻苯二甲酸酯的溶出量

塑料玩具浸渍在模拟汗液、唾液中,浸渍液再以二氯甲烷作为萃取溶剂,萃取出的邻苯二甲酸酯通过气相色谱-三重串联四级杆质谱法测定。探讨塑料玩具中邻苯二甲酸酯在模拟汗液、唾液中的溶出情况。结果表明实验玩具有部分检出邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂,其中DBP、DEHP溶出量较高。     

超高效液相色谱法对塑料玩具中12种邻苯二甲酸酯的同时测定

<正>目前,塑料玩具中邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的测定方法主要为色谱法,但气相色谱检测器易受其他有机物污染,对样品的前处理要求较高,且邻苯二甲酸酯类沸点较高,要求有较高的汽化温度及柱温,对于高沸点物质液相色谱较为优越。本文采用超高效液相色谱法,对塑料玩具中12种邻苯二甲酸酯进行检测,该方法简单快速、精密度好、回收率高,     

Blood response to plasticized poly(vinyl chloride): dependence of fibrinogen adsorption on plasticizer selection and surface plasticizer level

The high level of plasticizer in plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) ensures that plasticizer selection has an important influence on the suitability of PVC to function in blood-contacting applications. In this study, three types of plasticized PVC in sheet form, with di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), tri-(2-ethylhexyl)trimellitate (TEHTM) and n-butyryltri-n-hexyl citrate (BTHC) as plasticizer, were selected for assessment and single solute fibrinogen adsorption was utilized as an initial index of interactions with blood components. Fibrinogen adsorption behavior shows a strong dependence on the plasticizer selection, plasticizer level at the surface and the adsorption conditions, such as adsorption time and fibrinogen solution concentration. Results indicate that BTHC plasticized PVC possesses the lowest adsorption capacity in the three types of plasticized PVC, while TEHTM plasticized PVC seems to have the strongest reactivity in certain fibrinogen solution concentrations. The alteration of surface plasticizer level was achieved by a methanol-cleaning treatment with a variety of cleaning times and the fibrinogen adsorption on plasticized PVC decreases with the reduction of surface plasticizer level. The migration behavior of two phthalate esters (DEHP and TEHTM) was evaluated using UV-Spectrophotometer to determine the plasticizer level at the surfaces. In addition, the fibrinogen adsorption mechanism was examined with Freundlich adsorption modeling.     

柔性投影显示屏增塑机理及规律的研究

柔性投影显示屏具有可弯曲、易携带、耐冲击等优点,用途非常广泛。对柔性投影显示屏的增塑机理进行了研究,找出了增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二丁酯合适的添加量,发现了增塑剂含量与塑性-脆性转变规律,为制备柔性投影显示屏提供了理论依据。     

Evaluation of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate 50 as film forming polymer from aqueous dispersion systems

Hydroxypropyl methylcelluose phthalate 50 (HPMCP 50) was evaluated as a film forming polymer from aqueous dispersion systems. The influence of plasticizer type and level on the elasticity of HPMCP 50 free films prepared by the casting method was studied by measuring Young's modulus using an Instron Material Testing System. The release of a water soluble drug in various dissolution media from pellets coated with HPMCP 50 with 30% plasticizer containing various levels of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was also studied. The influence of coating level on drug release from pellets was also investigated. Results showed that HPMCP 50 alone without a plasticizer does not form a film. However, when a plasticizer was added HPMCP 50 did form a film. Also, as the concentration of the plasticizer triethyl citrate was increased the elasticity of HPMCP 50 films was increased. Similar results were obtained with the plasticizer diethyl phthalate. For pellets a high coating level was required to achieve adequate protection in 0.06 N HCl. Drug release from coated pellets was found to be dependent upon the type and the level of the water soluble polymer incorporated with HPMCP 50. Drug release was increased as the percentage of HPC was increased. Higher release rates were obtained with HPMC compared to HPC. Coating level significantly influenced drug release in 0.06 N HCl; however, less of an effect was observed at pH 5.5.     

纸包装油墨中增塑剂向食品模拟物Tenax的迁移

通过纸张表印油墨的实验室印制方法,模拟真实纸包装油墨中四种增塑剂向食品模拟物Tenax的迁移,使用气相色谱法检测不同温度(50℃、70℃和100℃)、纸张克重(240g/m2和400g/m2)和增塑剂初始含量下的迁移量。结果表明,纸包装油墨中增塑剂的迁移行为由其扩散系数和分配系数决定,温度和纸张克重对增塑剂迁移行为影响较大,实际中要避免增塑剂的迁移对人体造成的危害。     

Evaluation of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate 50 as film forming polymer from aqueous dispersion systems

Abstract

Hydroxypropyl methylcelluose phthalate 50 (HPMCP 50) was evaluated as a film forming polymer from aqueous dispersion systems. The influence of plasticizer type and level on the elasticity of HPMCP 50 free films prepared by the casting method was studied by measuring Young's modulus using an Instron Material Testing System. The release of a water soluble drug in various dissolution media from pellets coated with HPMCP 50 with 30% plasticizer containing various levels of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) was also studied. The influence of coating level on drug release from pellets was also investigated. Results showed that HPMCP 50 alone without a plasticizer does not form a film. However, when a plasticizer was added HPMCP 50 did form a film. Also, as the concentration of the plasticizer triethyl citrate was increased the elasticity of HPMCP 50 films was increased. Similar results were obtained with the plasticizer diethyl phthalate. For pellets a high coating level was required to achieve adequate protection in 0.06 N HCl. Drug release from coated pellets was found to be dependent upon the type and the level of the water soluble polymer incorporated with HPMCP 50. Drug release was increased as the percentage of HPC was increased. Higher release rates were obtained with HPMC compared to HPC. Coating level significantly influenced drug release in 0.06 N HCl; however, less of an effect was observed at pH 5.5.     

聚合物膜电极的组成对其性能的影响

本工作通过制备一系列聚合物膜Ba~(2 )选择电极,比较了分别以不同的聚合物基体和增塑剂所组成的膜电极对Ba~(2 )的响应性能。其中聚合物基体为聚氯乙烯、氯化聚乙烯、EVA、聚醋酸乙烯酯、聚苯乙烯、醋酸纤维素,增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、磷酸三丁酯。本文还讨论了聚合物的玻璃化转变温度和膜的均匀性对电极性能的影响。     

聚合物膜电极的组成对其性能的影响

本工作通过制备一系列聚合物膜Ba~(2+)选择电极,比较了分别以不同的聚合物基体和增塑荆所组成的膜电极对Ba~(2+)的响应性能。其中聚合物基体为聚氯乙烯、氯化聚乙烯、EVA、聚醋酸乙烯酯、聚苯乙烯、醋酸纤维素,增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、磷酸三丁酯。本文还讨论了聚合物的玻璃化转变温度和膜的均匀性对电极性能的影响。     

聚酯增塑剂的合成及对PVC的增塑

通过熔融缩聚的方法,合成了己二酸丙二醇型聚酯增塑剂,将其作为辅助增塑剂用于软质PVC的制备,期望达到降低聚氯乙烯(PVC)主增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)迁移和抽出的目的。通过引入第三单体三羟甲基丙烷,并控制第三单体的加入量,合成了具有不同支化度的聚酯,并对PVC进行增塑试验,考察了聚酯的支化度及相对分子质量对PVC增塑效果的影响。实验结果表明,所合成的不同分子量聚酯增塑剂与PVC树脂的相容性均良好,当采用较高分子量聚酯或较低支化度聚酯时,其增塑PVC材料的玻璃化转变温度较低,所显示的增塑效率较高,材料的热稳定性能较好。     

Suspension characteristics and rheological properties of mullite/zirconia powder in methyl isobutyl ketone

Particle size and its distribution, sedimentation bulk density and rheology of mullite, zirconia, and mullite/zirconia mixed suspensions have been studied in terms of oxide loading (20, 30 vol%), and types of additives (dispersant, dispersant/plasticizer, dispersant/plasticizer/binder). Polyester/polyamine, dibutyl phthalate, poly(vinyl butyral), and methyl isobutyl ketone have been used as the dispersant, plasticizer, binder, and liquid medium, respectively. Sedimentation density significantly increased upon adding dispersant; the effect was more pronounced with zirconia suspension most likely due to the fine and hence high specific surface area of zirconia. With further addition of plasticizer and plasticizer/binder, the sedimentation density decreased. The suspension viscosity generally behaved in an opposite manner to the sedimentation density, i.e., low sedimentation density gave high low-shear viscosity, indicative of high order structure formation in the suspended particles. High shear rate rheology showed a shear thinning and its onset began at lower shear rate with higher solid loading. Mullite/zirconia mixed suspension gave intermediate sedimentation and rheological behavior, implying the two types of particles are non-interacting.