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1.
微小管道探测机器人系统   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
阐述了在国家高技术研究与发展计划的资助下,在研制TubotⅠ、TubotⅡ机器人系统过程中取得的主要进展。该微小管道探测机器人系统由管内移动机构、驱动与控制系统、管道缺陷信号检测系统等几个部分组成。  相似文献   

2.
基于位置传感器PSD和光学三角原理,开发了一种适于空间曲线型微细管孔内表面三维重构的检测系统.该系统主要由管道机器人、形貌检测器和曲率检测器等部分组成.形貌检测器可以采集管道内壁截面信息,并计算出截面环上的点在局部坐标系中的位置.曲率检测器负责测量管孔中心轴线在检测器采样位置处的局部几何性质,并完成管道中轴线的重构.在管道机器人的驱动下,根据上述两方面提供的数据以及其前进步距,可以实现管道内表面的三维重建.实验结果表明,利用该技术检测的管道时,管道曲率半径的相对检测精度可以达到±2%,内表面缺陷及内径的测量精度可以达到±0.1mm.  相似文献   

3.
研究了在管道环境下,基于视觉的机器人管内运动导航问题。提出了一种机器人管道内的视觉导航策略,研究了障碍物识别、弯道识别关键技术;根据管道检测机器人系统的特点,设计了基于C/S模型的网络实时视频传输系统,采用MPEG4视频编码器对图像进行编解码。实验显示所研制的系统不仅能保证机器人图像传输的实时性,而且能实现多信息的同步。  相似文献   

4.
《工业设计》2014,(6):37-37
日本NEC公司成功开发出能检查下水管道断裂及坍塌等故障的自己行走式机器人。该机器人可以拍摄管道内图像,并进行自动分析,找出有可能出现管道坍塌等事故的区域。现在日本国内总长为44万公里的下水管道中,被认为有超过2成因年久失修,存在发生坍塌的危险。目前,管道内的检查主要依靠目视,而实现机器人自动化检测后可以提高管道维修效率。  相似文献   

5.
《工业设计》2014,(1):39-39
日本NEC公司成功开发出能检查下水管道断裂及坍塌等故障的自己行走式机器人。该机器人可以拍摄管道内图像,并进行自动分析.找出有可能出现管道坍塌等事故的区域。现在日本国内总长为44万公里的下水管道中,被认为有超过2成因年久失修,存在发生坍塌的危险。目前,管道内的检查主要依靠目视,而实现机器人自动化检测后可以提高管道维修效率。  相似文献   

6.
设计了一种基于槽钹形压电复合驱动的仿尺蠖爬行式微型管道机器人。该机器人包括两个Ф8n硼槽钹形压电复合驱动器和一个爬行定位系统,能够在Ф10mm的曲线形管道中自主定位爬行。槽钹形压电复合驱动器驱动能力为自重的4倍,最大爬行速度为41mm/s;爬行定位系统提供了机器人爬行步距的测量,通过实验验证整个爬行系统的定位误差仅为4‰。  相似文献   

7.
针对压差驱动式管道机器人多柔体系统与管内流体的流固耦合问题,基于耦合的欧拉-朗格朗日(CEL)方法建立了机器人系统流固耦合模型,获得了机器人在复杂管道内运行时的结构动力响应。对比分析了不同管道内径和机器人舱段长度下的密封皮碗应力场、管道与机器人间的摩擦力和流体对管道机器人的驱动压差。数值结果表明,管道机器人进入管道初期驱动压差出现峰值,随着机器人运动速度的波动和管道拓扑的改变,驱动压差再次出现峰值。管道机器人位于小曲率半径弯道时,密封皮碗经历强烈的局部化挤压作用形成峰值等效应力,但是,由于密封皮碗与弯道的间隙引起摩擦力降至谷值。此外,随着管道内径的减少,密封皮碗的等效应力、平均摩擦力以及平均驱动压差增大;舱段长度增加,密封皮碗的等效应力、平均摩擦力以及平均驱动压差随之增大。  相似文献   

8.
海底管道检测机器人智能控制器的研制   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
设计了以嵌入式PC104工控机为核心的海底管道检测机器人智能控制器,以嵌入式Linux操作系统作为该智能控制器的软件运行平台,根据控制任务的实时性和计算量的不同,开发的控制程序分别运行于系统实时内核和原Linux内核,满足了控制系统具有实时性、多任务并行处理等要求。详细介绍了管道检测机器人CAN通信应用层协议的定制规则,通过把报文的内容类别信息和节点信息纳入数据帧标识符来规定报文优先级,保证在多个数据帧同时竞争总线时,优先传送紧急程度高的报文。采用RS232-CAN协议转换器构建了具有检验智能控制器功能的试验平台,方便了控制程序的设计与验证。在实验室模拟油气管道台架上和工程现场的应用结果表明,该智能控制器实现了各种工况下的控制决策等功能,达到了设计要求,所设计的通信协议满足系统通讯要求。  相似文献   

9.
针对航空发动机内部空间狭窄难以进行人工检修,以及传统连续体机器人承载能力弱等问题,设计了一种用于航空发动机叶片检测的机器人。机器人主体由多节关节臂组成,关节臂通过万向节连接,由绳驱动;在机器人末端安装连续体。为了提高机器人末端位置精度,开展了闭环控制器的设计和研究。建立了关节臂运动学模型,推导了驱动绳绳长变化量的计算公式,介绍了将惯导传感器读数转换为关节角的方法。采用卡尔曼滤波器以减小测量噪声,得到关节角的最佳估计值,并将其作为反馈量。基于多维泰勒网优化控制(multi-dimensional Taylor network optimal control,MTNOC)设计了闭环控制器,分析了MTNOC控制器的特点及优势,并通过仿真和实验来验证MTNOC控制器的有效性。结果表明,卡尔曼滤波器能有效减小测量噪声;MTNOC控制器比PID控制器具有更好的适应性和动态特性,使关节臂在状态变化较大的瞬间也具有较快的响应速度。在MTNOC控制器的控制下,叶片检测机器人的末端位置精度得到提高,从而提高了航空发动机叶片检测结果的准确性和可靠性。  相似文献   

10.
在机器人发展的大背景下,各种机器人比赛层出不穷。针对机器人比赛中的对抗、搬运问题和现实中存在的夹持搬运问题,设计了一种机械夹持机构,运用撞击力驱动机械臂对物体进行夹持,同时用弹簧存储能量,再释放弹簧使机械臂张开,松开被夹物体。本文简单的介绍了其原理、结构和工作方式和环境。  相似文献   

11.
In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.  相似文献   

12.
13.
Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……  相似文献   

14.
A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.  相似文献   

15.
On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……  相似文献   

16.
A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.  相似文献   

17.
We associate a variety of innovations with the term "Industry 4.0". The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...  相似文献   

18.
In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M2(B,C), (W,Mo)2(B,C), M3(B,C), M23(B,C)6 type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm2. The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K1 mill housing of bar mill.  相似文献   

19.
Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.  相似文献   

20.
ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.  相似文献   

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