长效有机酸型轿车防冻液及其性能

随着全寿命无拆卸养护概念的提出,国外的装车防冻液对品质的要求日益严格,即能够长效、对环境友好、不含对人体和环境有害的物质,并在一些高档轿车上使用有机酸型防冻液作为装车纯正品.而在国内,由于经济因素的制约,有机酸型防冻液至今不能真正实现国产化.为此,采用有机和无机相结合的方式,开发出了具有长效、环保特点的高端防冻液产品,其使用价格仅相当于进口长效防冻液添加剂的1/4左右,产品规格高于SH/T 0521-1999的规范要求,满足了国内高档汽车的装车需求.     

镀锌层表面无铬钝化工艺的研究进展

为了开发更加绿色、安全、环保的无铬钝化工艺,从无机盐体系、有机物体系和有机-无机复合体系3个方面综述了国内外镀锌层表面无铬钝化工艺的研究进展,指出现有的单一体系无铬钝化液缓蚀效果不佳,采用无机盐复合、有机物复合和无机-有机复合的无铬钝化工艺均可提高锌表面耐蚀性,其中复合磷化工艺曾广泛投入工业应用,随着环境意识的提升,其运用范围逐渐受到限制.有机-无机复合无铬钝化工艺打破了无铬钝化工艺研发技术的瓶颈,是最有可能取代铬酸盐钝化的工艺.无铬钝化工艺研究仍具有较大的提升空间,开发单一的新型无机、有机缓蚀剂及新型有机-无机混合缓蚀剂仍然是镀锌层表面无铬钝化工艺的研究热点.     

无机-有机硅烷复合钝化膜的性能

为了扩大硅烷与无机盐复合钝化的应用范围,简化工艺,降低成本,以硅烷偶联剂为主成膜物,磷酸盐、氟钛酸盐作钝化剂,Na2MoO4和NH4VO3作缓蚀剂,一步钝化制备了无机-有机硅烷复合钝化膜。采用扫描电子显微镜、硫酸铜点滴腐蚀、盐水浸泡、中性盐雾试验、电化学测试等技术对钝化膜层的微观形貌、性能进行了分析。结果表明：无机。有机硅烷复合钝化膜在锌层表面起到了化学和物理的屏障作用,可以阻止腐蚀过程中的极化反应和锌的溶解,增强镀锌钢板的耐蚀性;无机-有机硅烷复合钝化膜的腐蚀面积小于5％,极化阻抗达到9kΩ,耐蚀性能接近铬酸盐钝化膜。     

蒙脱土改性气相缓蚀剂的制备及性能研究

采用蒙脱土对吗啉类气相缓蚀剂进行改性,通过气相防锈甄别试验和气相缓蚀能力试验,对改性气相缓蚀剂进行了防锈性能评定,结果表明,蒙脱土的引入增强了气相缓蚀剂的缓蚀能力.密闭空间挥发减重试验表明,改性气相缓蚀剂的挥发能力有所提高.模拟大气腐蚀水的电化学极化曲线表明,蒙脱土的引入进一步增大了对阳极和阴极电化学过程的抑制作用.     

第三届海洋腐蚀与控制国际会议在青岛召开

2006年6月，中国工程院第45场工程科技论坛暨第三届海洋腐蚀与控制国际会议在中国科学院海洋研究所召开。来自日本、韩国、菲律宾、孟加拉等国家的110多位国内外代表参加了会议。会议的中心议题是海洋腐蚀与控制技术，并对海洋大气腐蚀、混凝土腐蚀、微生物腐蚀、阴极保护、缓蚀剂、无机和有机涂层、应力腐蚀、腐蚀监测等问题进行了学术交流和讨论。     

鞣酸钠对氯化钠溶液中AZ61镁合金的缓蚀作用

过去,通常采用无机缓蚀剂对镁合金进行处理,关于镁的有机物缓蚀剂的报道较少.配制了鞣酸钠缓蚀剂,用极化曲线、交流阻抗技术研究了鞣酸钠对AZ61镁合金在0.5%NaCl中的缓蚀行为.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对腐蚀形貌进行了观测.结果表明:鞣酸钠对AZ61镬合金在0.5%NaCl中有一定的缓蚀效果,其浓度为1.0×10-6mol/L时,缓蚀效果最好;鞣酸分子减弱了腐蚀性Cl-在金属/介质的吸附,其与镁合金表面的腐蚀产物Mg(OH)2构成了一层致密膜,从而较好地抑制了镁合金在介质中的腐蚀.     

含硅有机-无机复合涂层对铝合金的保护作用

为了改善铝合金材料的耐腐蚀性能,采用正硅酸乙酯为主要原料制备溶胶,涂覆于铝合金基体表面,经过适当处理后形成了具有有机-无机复合结构的涂层.采用电化学法、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段研究了涂层性能.结果表明,该涂层兼容了有机和无机成分的特点,涂覆试样的腐蚀电流密度可达(4.26～6.58)×10-6 A/cm2,显示涂层对于铝合金基体具有与现行的含Cr(Ⅵ)传统表面处理工艺相当的保护效果.涂层有效地减缓了铝合金在含NaCl中性水溶液中的腐蚀,能够对铝合金基体提供有效的保护.本工艺不产生有害化学物质,是一项绿色环保工艺.     

盐酸清洗腐蚀钢片用缓蚀剂的研制及应用

用盐酸清洗石油化工产品腐蚀试验中样片表面的腐蚀氧化产物时易产生过度酸洗.以盐酸为清洗剂,乌洛托品、苯并三氮唑、OP-10等化学试剂复配缓蚀剂,清洗残渣燃料油腐蚀试验后钢片表面的腐蚀产物,并用失重法和金相显微镜表征清洗效果.试验表明复配的缓蚀剂缓蚀效果良好,该缓蚀剂可以使盐酸在4 min内有效清除钢片表面的腐蚀产物而不伤害钢片基体,有效提高了腐蚀试验的精密度.     

一种高效复合缓蚀剂的性能研究与应用

针对番禺油田的腐蚀特点,研制了一种复合型缓蚀剂HYH-4251.经室内动态高压挂片试验、极化曲线测量、配伍性试验和现场应用等对其综合性能进行了考察,结果表明,该缓蚀剂能有效地抑制现场腐蚀,具有乳化倾向小、能与多种在用化学药剂配伍使用等特点,是一种新型的混合抑制型复合缓蚀剂.     

BTA及其复配铜缓蚀剂的研究进展

综述了铜合金缓蚀剂BTA的研究进展和缓蚀机理,重点介绍了BTA复配缓蚀剂的研究情况及复配缓蚀剂的协同效应,如BTA与无机缓蚀剂、稀土盐缓蚀剂、有机缓蚀剂之间的复配应用及其缓释机理.BTA被用作铜及其合金的缓蚀剂具有较好的缓蚀效果,但有毒且用量大,绿色环保型复配缓蚀荆的研究和应用是铜合金缓蚀荆发展的必然趋势.     

盐酸溶液中肉桂醛对铝的缓蚀作用及吸附热力学研究

本文通过对大量的单组份有机化合物和无机化合物的筛选,选出了肉桂醛这种缓蚀效果较好的化合物作为缓蚀剂,对其进行热力学研究,并分别绘制出不同温度下肉桂醛的吸附等温曲线,肉桂醛在金属铝表面的吸附符合Langmuir吸附规律,分析不同温度下对于肉桂醛缓蚀性能的作用,分别获得了吸附系数、焓变、熵变和自由能变的热力学参数。通过实验得出肉桂醛缓蚀剂的吸附过程是熵值减少的放热过程,随着温度的升高自由能逐渐变大,同时缓蚀率也随之降低。     

迁移型阻锈剂在钢筋混凝土中的研究进展

钢筋锈蚀导致混凝土耐久性的降低问题一直受到全世界的广泛关注,迁移型有机阻锈剂可以有效提升混凝土的耐久性,并与混凝土结构有着很好的相容性,且在经济上优于普通掺入型无机阻锈剂。从混凝土工程钢筋锈蚀原因、迁移型阻锈剂的阻锈机理进行分析,进而介绍迁移型阻锈剂的国内外研究情况以及迁移型阻锈剂的性能试验和评价方法,最后就迁移型阻锈剂相关应用的问题进行总结。     

Corrosion of aluminium in alkaline solutions

The corrosion of Al in NaOH solutions has been investigated using polarization method as well as weight loss method. The effect of various organic and inorganic compounds on the rate of corrosion was studied. The results indicated that the rate of Al corrosion is maximum at [NaOH] ～4M. Various benzoic acid as well as other organic acids inhibit the corrosion but to different extents depending on the structure. The inhibition is due to adsorption of these acids and not due to neutralizing effect. Some sulpher containing compounds inhibit the corrosion but to lesser extent than acids. Aniline and its derivative are mostly activators for corrosion.     

缓蚀剂对原子力显微镜探针刮擦铜镍合金加速溶解的作用

金属材料在缓蚀剂中受到刮擦会加速溶解,产生相应的腐蚀.采用原子力显微镜(AFM)探针刮伤技术研究了缓蚀剂对探针诱导铜镍合金加速溶解作用的影响.结果表明:在750 nN负载条件下,AFM探针在接触模式下对铜镍合金表面持续扫描,可以加速样品在1.5 mol/L NaCl溶液中的溶解,探针刮擦区域有蚀坑;作为缓蚀剂添加的有机化合物十二胺和无机盐铬酸钠能抑制探针刮擦引起的铜镍合金的加速溶解.     

Microstructure of organic–inorganic composite coatings studied by TEM and XANES

Chromate coatings on Zn or Zn alloy coated steel sheets often include silica for the aim to improve corrosion resistance. In the case of dry-in-place chromate coatings containing acrylic resin (hereafter referred to as an organic–inorganic composite coating), an addition of silica, however, did not show an improvement in corrosion resistance. The microstructures of the organic–inorganic composite coatings were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the chemical states of Cr were investigated by the total electron yield X-ray absorption near edge structure (TEY-XANES) method. TEM samples were successfully prepared by dry ultramicrotomy preventing water-soluble components in the coatings fromdissolving out. TEY-XANES revealed the chemical states of components even in the organic matrix. Using these methods, it was found that the addition of silica changed just the morphology of the chromium compound in the organic–inorganic composite coating but not the chemical state of Cr. This is a reason for the addition of silica being not effective at improving corrosion resistance. The combination of dry ultramicrotomy-TEM and TEY-XANES spectroscopy was proven to be a powerful tool for characterizing organic–inorganic composite coatings.     

Microstructure of organic–inorganic composite coatings studied by TEM and XANES

Chromate coatings on Zn or Zn alloy coated steel sheets often include silica for the aim to improve corrosion resistance. In the case of dry-in-place chromate coatings containing acrylic resin (hereafter referred to as an organic–inorganic composite coating), an addition of silica, however, did not show an improvement in corrosion resistance. The microstructures of the organic–inorganic composite coatings were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the chemical states of Cr were investigated by the total electron yield X-ray absorption near edge structure (TEY-XANES) method. TEM samples were successfully prepared by dry ultramicrotomy preventing water-soluble components in the coatings from dissolving out. TEY-XANES revealed the chemical states of components even in the organic matrix. Using these methods, it was found that the addition of silica changed just the morphology of the chromium compound in the organic–inorganic composite coating but not the chemical state of Cr. This is a reason for the addition of silica being not effective at improving corrosion resistance. The combination of dry ultramicrotomy-TEM and TEY-XANES spectroscopy was proven to be a powerful tool for characterizing organic–inorganic composite coatings.     

Corrosion protection investigation of reinforcement by inorganic coating in the presence of alkanolamine-based inhibitor

Corrosion of reinforced concrete structures is a major problem throughout the world, demanding significant amounts for repair and rehabilitation. Corrosion protection is commonly performed by coating the concrete or by using corrosion inhibitors. This paper describes the comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of an acrylic dispersion and an inorganic coating on silicate basis, of an alkanolamine-based corrosion inhibitor and of their combination, on reinforced mortar specimens partially immersed in 3.5% NaCl solution. The following techniques were used: strain gauges, measurements of the corrosion potential, the mass loss and the EIS of the reinforcing bars and measurements of the chloride diffusion and the carbonation depth in mortars. Results demonstrate that the simultaneous use of the alkanolamine-based corrosion inhibitor with the inorganic coating offers a protection degree comparable to that of the acrylic dispersion, which performs best in the presence of both chloride ions and carbon dioxide.     

Monodisperse Ag@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles as active inhibitors for marine anticorrosion applications

Monodisperse Ag@SiO2 core-shell structured nanoparticles were firstly utilized as a novel corrosion inhibitor for marine anticorrosion applications. The related marine anticorrosion properties were evaluated with an electrochemical noise (ECN) analysis during 2 weeks of accelerated immersion tests in natural seawater with the addition of various inorganic salts and nutriments. The experimental results indicate that the corrosion activity is markedly reduced by nearly 1-3 orders of magnitude owing to the introduction of Ag@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles into coating. The inhibition efficiency of corrosion can reach as high as about 99%. More importantly, such a coating exhibits an excellent long-term sustained marine anticorrosion effect. So it could be reasonably inferred that silver cores as active inhibitors effectively prevent the corrosion damage from microorganisms, while silica shells act as a good protection for silver nanoparticles, delay the release of silver ions, and also function as the corrosion inhibiting action for inorganic salts. Therefore, this would make monodisperse Ag@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles a potential and promising corrosion inhibitor for developing future advanced multifunctional coatings.     

铜及其合金缓蚀剂的研究进展

使用缓蚀剂是解决铜及其合金腐蚀问题的有效方法之一。本文综述了无机、有机、天然高分子等缓蚀剂及自组装技术在提高铜及其合金耐蚀性能方面的研究现状,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

热浸镀锌层有机物-无机物复合钝化工艺优选及其性能

为了进一步提高热浸镀锌层钝化膜的耐蚀性能,针对目前无铬钝化多为独立体系的有机物钝化或无机物钝化的情况,运用有机物与无机物进行复合钝化。通过正交试验法确立了热浸镀锌层无色钝化工艺,采用单因素变量法、点滴试验、中性盐雾腐蚀试验及电化学测试技术,研究了复合钝化工艺参数对钝化膜外观和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:最佳复合钝化工艺为40 g/L丙烯酸树脂,20 g/L硝酸钠,40 g/L硅酸钠,15 m L/L过氧化氢;p H值11,钝化时间30 s,温度30℃,恒温烘干;钝化膜的耐蚀性能接近于三价铬钝化。