时效制度对7B04铝合金断裂韧性的影响

为研究不同时效制度对7B04铝合金断裂韧性的影响,测定了15种时效工艺的常规力学性能和断裂韧度,并利用扫描电镜对拉伸断口进行分析.通过比较不同时效工艺制度的性能指标和断口形貌,总结出时效制度对7B04铝合金断裂韧度的影响规律.结果表明:随着第二级时效温度的提高和时效时间的延长,7B04铝合金强度下降,断裂韧性提高,其中,温度对性能的影响更大;采用115℃×7 h 185℃×13 h双级时效工艺时,对应的强度和断裂韧度指标均比T73和T76工艺对应的指标高.     

回归再时效中预时效温度对7050铝合金应力腐蚀性能的影响

采用硬度测试、电导率测试、慢应变速率拉伸、透射电镜和扫描电镜等方法,研究了回归再时效热处理工艺中预时效温度对7050铝合金微观组织和应力腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:随着预时效温度升高,回归再时效后7050铝合金晶内析出相从以GP区为主转变为以η′相为主,晶界析出相逐渐粗化,晶界变得不连续分布,合金应力腐蚀敏感性降低;但晶界无沉淀析出带宽度增加,120℃时达到140nm,易导致应力集中和阳极溶解,合金抗应力腐蚀性能下降。预时效温度为80℃,即稍微欠时效时,7050铝合金抗应力腐蚀性能较好,在缓慢应变速率(10-6s-1)和3.5%NaCl溶液腐蚀介质下,合金抗拉强度为473.5MPa,伸长率为10.67%,应力腐蚀指数为0.05824。     

时效制度对7475和7050铝合金应力腐蚀及剥层腐蚀性能的影响

利用透射电子显微镜分析了7475和7050铝合金在各种时效状态下的显微组织。通过性能测试发现,先高温后低温的非常规双级时效制度能有效地提高合金应力腐蚀抗力,且不显著降低合金强度,合金经回归再时效处理后,具有最佳的抗剥层腐蚀能力。     

Al-Zn-Mg-(Cu)合金抗应力腐蚀性能影响因素分析

从合金成分、热处理制度以及显微组织特征等方面对如何提高7xxx系铝合金抗应力腐蚀性能进行了系统的分析,重点阐述了影响合金抗应力腐蚀性能的本质因素——GBP、MPT、PFZ、晶界原子偏聚等。同时提出了合理可行的提高7xxx系铝合金抗应力腐蚀性能的解决途径,为新一代超高强铝合金的成分设计和工艺优化提供了重要的参考。     

AZ31B镁合金TIG焊接件应力腐蚀性能研究

为了研究AZ31B镁合金钨极氩弧焊接件应力腐蚀性能,室温下采用三点加载的方式,在去离子水中对试样进行应力腐蚀试验。利用光学显微镜(OM)观测试样微观结构,利用扫描电镜(SEM)观测应力腐蚀断口,利用X-350A型X射线应力仪和CHI660B型电化学工作站分别测定试样表面残余应力和动电位极化曲线。试验结果表明:采用单面焊双面成型工艺,在45～50A的焊接电流及合适的焊接速度条件下,焊接2.2mm厚AZ31B镁合金薄板时,钨极氩弧焊能够获得理想的焊接接头,抗拉强度达到209MPa;焊接件热影响区表面残余拉应力为60MPa;同母材相比,焊接件自腐蚀电位减小27mV,腐蚀电流增大了41.4%,从而增加焊接件腐蚀倾向;AZ31B焊接件在去离子水中浸没192h后出现应力腐蚀开裂,属于穿晶型脆性断裂,这表明AZ31B镁合金焊接件在去离子水中具有很高的应力腐蚀敏感性。     

不同时效工艺对82B钢盘条性能的影响

用OM,SEI技术和万能材料试验机研究对比了82B钢轧制线材集卷后,自然时效0～30d（天）过程中的力学性能变化、宏观断口形貌以及微观断口韧窝形态的差异,并对自然时效与集卷后人工时效（在250℃或300℃加热、保温2h后缓慢冷却）后的力学性能进行了对比。结果表明：人工时效的力学性能约相当于15d自然时效的效果,从而提高了生产效率。     

回火温度对16Col4Ni10Cr2Mo钢断裂韧度和抗应力腐蚀性能的影响

研究了回火温度对１６Ｃｏ１４Ｎｉ１０Ｃｒｔ２Ｍｏ钢断裂韧度ＫＩＣ和抗应力腐蚀性能ＫＩＳＣＣ的影响。发现５１０℃以下回火ＫＩＣ和冲击值ａｋ的变化一致,都表面出回火马氏体脆性,但在回火脆性区内ＫＩＣ不降低。在二次硬化峰之前ＫＩＳＣＣ值很低,这是二次硬化钢不能在硬化峰之前回火使用的重要原因。     

时效对Al-Li(2091)合金应力腐蚀行为的影响

本文研究了在不同时效状态下Al-Li(2091)合金在3％NaCl+0.5％H_2O_2溶液中应力腐蚀行为;并与传统的2024(CZ)合金进行了比较。结果表明,2091合金具有较好的抗应力腐蚀能力。利用扫描电镜与透射电镜分别对应力腐蚀断口和合金显微组织进行了观察和分析;对应力腐蚀开裂的机制进行了初步探讨。     

The failure of an armour faced conveyor connector

The combined use of modern metallurgical techniques for fracture examination, laboratory test data and fracture mechanics calculations allows metallurgical failures to be examined in a quantitative manner. Complex load histories and environments can result in more than one sub-critical cracking mechanism occurring in a component. Quantitative understanding of the rate determining cracking process is a necessary prerequisite to rectifying the problem. The following case study describes a connector from an armour faced conveyor which failed in service. The failure investigation involved fractography, stress analysis, material property evaluation and fracture mechanics calculations. Fractographic evidence indicated a stress corrosion failure mechanism. Calculations of critical crack sizes showed that stress corrosion cracking alone could not account for the fracture. It was concluded that the failure was due to a sequence of three cracking processes which preceded unstable ductile fracture. Firstly, frictional heating caused rubbing or quench cracks typically 0.5–1 mm deep. Secondly, corrosion fatigue cracks grew several millimetres allowing the third fracture process, stress corrosion cracking, (SCC) to initiate and grow. In the situation described here, this process was much faster than corrosion fatigue. The influence of defect size due to rubbing cracks and the influence of K_ISCC have been compared with the corrosion fatigue life of the component. An increase in K_ISCC and hence critical defect size for SCC has been shown to increase the corrosion fatigue life of the component by a large factor. A change in design would also alleviate the problem of SCC by reducing the static stress, which is the driving force for SCC.     

锻造、轧制变形对2519A铝板抗腐蚀性能的影响

为改善2519A-T87铝合金的腐蚀性能并探求其影响因素,采用金相显微镜、透射电镜及X射线衍射仪研究了锻造以及轧制两种变形方式对该合金板晶界无沉淀带、析出相、晶粒取向与抗腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:锻造板中晶界无沉淀带(PFZ)较轧制板的宽,晶界析出相粒子间距大,较难形成连续腐蚀通道,其抗晶间腐蚀与剥落腐蚀性能优于轧制板;PFZ与基体,析出相与PFZ构成两对电偶发生反应,而晶界上不连续分布的、大的第二相之间的间距有利于提高合金的抗应力腐蚀性能,锻造板的应力腐蚀性能(KISCC=32.1 MPa.m1/2)比轧制板(KISCC=22.1 MPa.m1/2)高;锻造板的{100}晶粒取向密度较低;第二相的大小及分布是决定该合金腐蚀性能的关键..     

Fe和Si杂质元素对7×××系高强航空铝合金组织及性能的影响

综述了Fe、Si杂质元素对7×××系高强航空铝合金的微观组织及力学性能的影响。Fe、Si主要是以粗大难溶杂质相形式存在。形成含Fe杂质相的种类较多,在含Cu量较高的合金中主要是形成Al7Cu2Fe相;形成含Si杂质相主要是Mg2Si相。Fe、Si杂质元素含量增加对合金强度的影响不大,但形成的富Fe、富Si粗大难溶杂质相含量的增加明显降低合金的塑性、断裂韧性和抗应力腐蚀性能。降低Fe、Si杂质元素含量是发展高综合性能航空铝合金的重要方向。     

Alloy design for fracture resistance

Several methods for improving the strength of metallic materials are available and correlations between strength and various microstructural features have been established. The purpose of this paper is to review parallel developments favouring improved fracture resistance. Resistance to fracture in monotonie loading, cyclic loading and when fracture is environment-aided have been considered in steels, aluminium alloys and anisotropic materials. Finally, the question of optimising alloy behaviour is discussed.     

7150铝合金型材三级时效热处理工艺研究

采用拉伸力学试验机、电导率测试仪、应力腐蚀测试和透射电子显微镜分析回归时效、回归时效升温速率和冷却方式对7150铝合金性能的影响。研究表明,回归时效采用185 ℃/100 min的RRA热处理工艺时,合金具有较高的电导率(36.7~37.4%IACS)和较少的强度损失(抗拉强度620~640 MPa,屈服强度590~610 MPa)。65 ℃/h升温至回归时效和回归时效风冷降温至120 ℃的RRA热处理可提高合金电导率,降低合金强度;预时效后空冷1 h再185 ℃回归时效和回归时效水冷的RRA热处理可提高合金强度,降低合金电导率;通过TEM明场像观察,回归时效采用185 ℃/100 min的RRA热处理工艺时7150合金晶内析出大量的GP区,晶界析出不连续的较粗大的η相,这种显微组织既保证了T6状态的强度又使合金具有较好的抗腐蚀性能。     

Effect of multi-directional forging and ageing on fracture toughness of Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloys

Strength, ductility and fracture toughness are the most important mechanical properties of engineering materials. In this work, an Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy was subjected to multi-directional forging (MF) and ageing treatment. Microstructural evolution was studied by optical and electron microscopy and strength, ductility and fracture toughness were researched. After MF, the dislocation density was increased and the microstructure was refined. The strength and fracture toughness were increased, while the ductility was decreased sharply. Without compromising the strength, the ductility was improved significantly after ageing. The fracture toughness was increased further. The coarse and discontinuously distributed grain boundary precipitates were found to be responsible for higher fracture toughness of the fine-grained structure Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy.     

用止裂法研究X56G管线钢焊缝金属的应力腐蚀破裂

采用ＣＴ试样在恒位移ＳＣＣ试验机上，测试了Ｘ５６Ｇ管线钢焊缝在混合硝盐溶液中的应力腐蚀抗力和应力腐蚀裂纹扩展速率。试验结果表明：用止裂法代替传统的启裂法可以大大简化ＳＣＣ试验。通过力衰减曲线不仅可以研究材料应力腐蚀裂纹扩展速率ｄａ／ｄｔ，而且可获得ＳＣＣ的临界值，且ＪＭＳＣＣ是与施加的载荷无关的材料常数。     

基于灰色理论的高强铝合金应力腐蚀开裂预测模型的建立与应用

采用3.5%NaC1溶液中预制裂纹的方法测试了2124高强铝合金的应力腐蚀裂纹扩展长度随时间的变化,获得了裂纹扩展速率随腐蚀时间的变换规律及应力腐蚀断裂韧性界限值,并对断口进行分析.根据裂纹扩展的基本规律,运用灰色理论GM(1,1)模型,依据2124铝合金应力腐蚀开裂裂纹扩展长度的原始数据进行了灰色预测,并对预测结果进...