回归再时效中预时效温度对7050铝合金应力腐蚀性能的影响

采用硬度测试、电导率测试、慢应变速率拉伸、透射电镜和扫描电镜等方法,研究了回归再时效热处理工艺中预时效温度对7050铝合金微观组织和应力腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:随着预时效温度升高,回归再时效后7050铝合金晶内析出相从以GP区为主转变为以η′相为主,晶界析出相逐渐粗化,晶界变得不连续分布,合金应力腐蚀敏感性降低;但晶界无沉淀析出带宽度增加,120℃时达到140nm,易导致应力集中和阳极溶解,合金抗应力腐蚀性能下降。预时效温度为80℃,即稍微欠时效时,7050铝合金抗应力腐蚀性能较好,在缓慢应变速率(10-6s-1)和3.5%NaCl溶液腐蚀介质下,合金抗拉强度为473.5MPa,伸长率为10.67%,应力腐蚀指数为0.05824。     

时效制度对7475和7050铝合金应力腐蚀及剥层腐蚀性能的影响

利用透射电子显微镜分析了7475和7050铝合金在各种时效状态下的显微组织。通过性能测试发现,先高温后低温的非常规双级时效制度能有效地提高合金应力腐蚀抗力,且不显著降低合金强度,合金经回归再时效处理后,具有最佳的抗剥层腐蚀能力。     

时效制度对挤压+锻造工艺路线FGH95粉末高温合金组织和性能的影响

采用不同的时效制度处理热等静压+挤压+等温锻造工艺的FGH95合金,并对处理后合金的显微组织和力学性能进行了系统研究。结果表明,经过双级时效(870℃/1 h,AC+650℃/24 h,AC)和单级时效(760℃/10 h,AC)处理后,合金的晶粒度无明显差异,但γ′相的数量、尺寸及分布存在显著差异。相比于单级时效,双级时效可以更有效地促进晶内γ′相粗化,晶内γ′相平均直径达到78 nm,而单级时效为67 nm;同时,双级时效更有利于M 3B 2等晶间强化相的析出。二者的拉伸强度水平相当,但双级时效合金的持久寿命低于单级时效合金,而其持久塑性要优于单级时效合金。     

回火温度对16Co14Ni10Cr2Mo钢断裂韧度和抗应力腐蚀性能的影响

研究了回火温度对１６Ｃｏ１４Ｎｉ１０Ｃｒｔ２Ｍｏ钢断裂韧度ＫＩＣ和抗应力腐蚀性能ＫＩＳＣＣ的影响。发现５１０℃以下回火ＫＩＣ和冲击值ａｋ的变化一致，都表面出回火马氏体脆性，但在回火脆性区内ＫＩＣ不降低。在二次硬化峰之前ＫＩＳＣＣ值很低，这是二次硬化钢不能在硬化峰之前回火使用的重要原因。     

超快冷工艺对高铌X80管线钢抗腐蚀性能的影响

依据NACE标准,研究了采用新型超快速冷却工艺生产的X80管线钢抗硫化物应力腐蚀开裂(SSCC)、抗氢致开裂(HIC)和抗CO2等腐蚀的情况.SSCC腐蚀实验表明,产生开裂的临界应力值在65 ％σs (390MPa)左右,超过此临界值,试样的腐蚀敏感性较高,抗腐蚀能力较差,在95％σs加载水平下,应力敏感性极高.HIC腐蚀实验表明,裂纹敏感百分比、裂纹长度百分比和裂纹厚度百分比均为零.抗CO2腐蚀实验表明,在CO2压力为0.1MPa条件下,平均腐蚀速率为0.6843mm/a.研究表明采用新型超快冷工艺生产的X80管线钢具有优良的抗SSCC腐蚀性能、抗HIC腐蚀性能和抗CO2腐蚀性能.     

回火温度对16Col4Ni10Cr2Mo钢断裂韧度和抗应力腐蚀性能的影响

研究了回火温度对１６Ｃｏｌ４Ｎｉｌ０Ｃｒ２Ｍｏ钢断裂韧度Ｋ_（ＩＣ）和抗应力腐蚀性能Ｋ_（ＩＳＣＣ）的影响。发现５１０℃以下回火Ｋ_（ＩＣ）和冲击值ａ_ｋ的变化一致，都表现出回火马氏体脆性，但在回火脆性区内Ｋ_（ＩＣ）不降低。在二次硬化峰之前Ｋ_（ＩＳＣＣ）值很低，这是二次硬化钢不能在硬化峰之前回火使用的重要原因。     

锅炉"四管"粉芯喷涂丝抗高温氧化和热腐蚀性能的研究

针对锅炉"四管"防护问题,采用氧化增重、涂盐腐蚀增重和测量涂层表面硬度的方法,研究了3种新型粉芯喷涂丝的抗高温氧化性能、抗热腐蚀性能和涂层的硬度.结果表明,新型的粉芯喷涂丝具有良好的抗高温氧化和抗热腐蚀性能;涂层的抗高温氧化和抗热腐蚀性能随铬含量的增加而提高;其中GL1号喷涂丝在具有较好的抗高温氧化和抗腐蚀性能的同时,还具有相当高的硬度.     

A Fracture Probability Competition Mechanism of Stress Corrosion Cracking

The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of austenitic stainless steel was studied via polarization, slow strain rate and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. Many SCC mechanisms have been proposed in which hydrogen embrittlement and passive film rupture-repassivation theories are generally accepted, but they can hardly explain the SCC mechanism of austenitic stainless steel in acidic chloride solution adequately, because the steel is in active dissolution state and cathodic polarization can prevent it from occurring. Our experiment shows that the anodic current increases the creep rate and decreases the plastic strength of the material on single smooth specimen as well as at the SCC crack tip. The fractured surface was characterized as brittle cleavage, while the surface crack of smooth specimen was almost vertical to the tensile strength, which can confirm that the cracks were caused by tensile stresses. A fracture probability competition mechanism of SCC was proposed on the basis of the experimental results combined with the viewpoint of ductile-brittle fracture competition. When the anodic dissolution current is increased to a certain degree, the probability of fracture by tensile stress will exceed that by shear stress, and the brittle fracture will occur. The proposed SCC mechanism can riot only explain the-propagation of SCC cracks but can explain the crack initiation as well. The strain on the surface distributes unevenly when a smooth specimen is deformed, so does the anodic current distribution. The crack will initiate at a point where the anodic current density is large enough to cause the material at a specific point to fracture in brittle manner.     

5083铝合金整体壁板耐腐蚀性能研究

铝合金整体壁板具有质量轻、耐腐蚀等特点,在国外已广泛应用在船舶建造上。本文研究了5083铝合金整体壁板的抗剥落腐蚀和应力腐蚀性能,对其耐腐蚀性能和机理进行了深入的探讨。结果表明,在铝合金整体壁板组织中β相沿加工方向成行,不连续分布,未在晶界上出现连续的β相网膜结构,因此整体壁板具有良好的耐腐蚀性能。     

Fracture and Ageing in Bone: Toughness and Structural Characterization

Abstract:  The development of a mechanistic understanding of the increase in fracture risk in human bone with age is essential to public health. This represents a challenge for fracture mechanics as bone has a complex, hierarchical structure with characteristic features ranging from nanometer to macroscopic dimensions, and is thus much more complex than most engineering materials. In this study, we review ex vivo fracture experiments which quantitatively assess the effect of age on human cortical bone in the proximal–distal orientation, i.e. along the long axis of the bone. Specifically, cortical bone is seen to exhibit rising crack-growth resistance with crack extension; the toughness is consequently evaluated in terms of R-curves, measured in bones taken from a wide range of age groups (34–99 years). Both crack-initiation and crack-growth toughnesses were determined and were found to deteriorate with age; the initiation toughness decreases some 40% over the 65 years of ageing, while growth toughness is effectively eliminated over the same age range. The reduction in crack-growth toughness is considered to be associated primarily with a degradation in the degree of extrinsic toughening, in particular involving crack bridging in the wake of the crack. This explanation is supported by an examination of the micro-/nanostructural changes accompanying the process of ageing, performed using deep-UV Raman spectroscopy, computed X-ray tomography and optical/electron microscopy.     

Stress Corrosion Cracking of Pipeline Steels

This paper provides a review of the differences between high pH and near-neutral pH stress corrosion cracking of pipeline steels,influencing factors,and mechanisms.The characteristics and historical information on both forms of SCC are discussed.The prospect for research in the future is also presented.     

淬火温度对42CrMo高强度钢应力腐蚀断裂抗力的影响

用俄歌能谱和电子显微镜研究了淬火温度对４２ＣｒＭｏ高强度钢在３．５％ＮａＣｌ水溶液中的应力腐蚀断裂性能的影响，结果表明，高温淬火和分级淬火可使应力腐蚀断裂抗力Ｋｉｓ∝值得到明显提高，对晶粒尺寸、杂质贪等因素的分析表明，Ｋｉｓ∝升高的主要原因是晶粒尺寸的增大所致。     

Influence of H2S Corrosion on Tensile Properties and Fracture Toughness of X80 Pipeline Steel

Strength of Materials - Tensile and fracture properties of X80 pipeline steel were studied in a mimic petrochemical environment. X80 pipeline steel specimens were firstly exposed to air or H2S...     

pH值对7050铝合金膜致应力和应力腐蚀敏感性的影响

采用慢应变速率拉伸法和流变应力差值法研究了7050铝合金在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl水溶液中膜致应力和应力腐蚀敏感性随pH值的变化规律。结果表明:当pH≤7时,随着pH值的增大,膜致应力和应力腐蚀敏感性均下降,当pH7时,膜致应力和应力腐蚀敏感性随着pH值的增大而提高;而当pH=1,14时,腐蚀的类型为剥蚀,合金基体发生剥落,表面没有钝化膜产生。pH值在6~9之间时,膜致应力随pH的变化比较平缓,而pH在2~5和10~13之间时,膜致应力变化则较为剧烈,整体的变化曲线呈山谷形。膜致应力和应力腐蚀敏感性具有很强的相关性。XPS研究表明,膜致应力值与钝化膜的成分有关。     

金属波纹管补偿器的应力腐蚀开裂分析

采用宏观及微观断口分析、金相检验与化学成分检测等方法,对某铬一镍奥氏体不锈钢波纹管补偿器的腐蚀开裂失效原因进行了分析。结果表明：由于该铬一镍奥氏体不锈钢波纹管在氯离子含量超标的环境中服役,并承受来自于波纹管自身加工变形过程中形成的残余应力、工作应力以及装配应力,最终导致波纹管补偿器发生了由表及里的应力腐蚀开裂。