Polarization Independent Dual-band Metamaterial Based Radar Absorbing Structure (RAS) for MillimeterWave Applications

The EM analysis of multi-layered metamaterial based radar absorbing structure (RAS) with dual-band characteristics in millimeter wave frequency regime has been carried out in this paper using transmission line transfer matrix (TLTM) method for TE and TM polarizations. The proposed metamaterial-based RAS exhibits dual-band characteristics at centre frequencies 120 GHz and 175 GHz with very low power reflection. It absorbs more than 90% power of incidence wave over the frequency range from 111-131 GHz at first resonance and from 164.5-185 GHz at second resonance without metal backing plate, which is desirable for stealth applications. It also showed very low (< 1.6%) transmission over the frequency of interest for both TE and TM polarizations. The proposed metamaterial-RAS has potential applications in the design of multi-band sensor systems and RCS reduction in millimeter wave frequency regime.     

A Novel Metamaterial FSS-based Structure for Wideband Radome Applications

A novel metamaterial based FSS (frequency selective surfaces) structure is presented in this paper for wideband airborne radome applications. The proposed metamaterial-FSS structure consists of three layers, where a DPS (double positive sign) layer is sandwiched between a MNG (μ-negative) and ENG (ε- negative) layer, exhibits very good bandpass characteristics inside the operational band along with excellent roll-off characteristics outside the band. The EM performance analysis of the proposed structure has been carried out using transmission line transfer matrix (TLTM) method, which shows excellent bandpass characteristics over a wide frequency range. The transmission efficiency is over 95% both at normal incidence and at high incidence angles of 30°, and 60°. The frequency range extends from S- to X-band (2.5-9.9 GHz). In view of streamlined airborne radome applications, the reflection properties and insertion phase delay (IPD) are also determined at high incident angles.     

Electromagnetic Performance Analysis of Novel Multi-band Metamaterial FSS for Millimeter Wave Radome Applications

The electromagnetic design and performance analysis of dual/ multi-band metamaterial frequency selective surface (FSS) structures have been carried out for radome applications in microwave and millimeter wave frequency regimes. The proposed metamaterial FSS structure, consisting of cascaded MNG (mu-nega -tive) and DPS (double positive) layers, exhibits dual-band transmission responses at V-band and W-band. Excellent transmission efficiency (more than 95%) has been obtained over the frequency range 45.8-53.1 GHz at first resonance, and from 93.0-97.1 GHz at second resonance. The incorporation of additional DPS layer to the proposed metamaterial-FSS structure facilitates multiband bandpass characteristics at 30 GHz (in Ka-band), 64 GHz (in V-band), and 93.6 GHz (in W-band). The reflection and insertion phase delay characteristics are also analyzed at high incidence angles in view of streamlined airborne nosecone radome applications.     

Reflection and transmission of strongly focused light beams at a dielectric interface

The reflection and transmission of tightly focused azimuthally, radially and linearly polarized electromagnetic wave beams with subwavelength spot size and wavefront curvature at a dielectric interface are investigated. For a given wavefront radius, the existence of the optimal radius of beam spot corresponding to a minimal reflectance and maximal transmittance is shown. Significant lateral shift in the transmitted intensity peak is revealed for strongly focused azimuthally and radially polarized beams that are normally incident to an interface. The reflection and transmission of transverse-electric- and transverse-magnetic- polarized extremely narrow wave beams which are obliquely incident on the dielectric interface is analysed. Disappearance of the Brewster angle and total internal reflection effects for the strongly focused beams are predicted. The change in beam profile after reflection and transmission for different polarizations, incident beam spots and incidence angles are analysed.     

Internal Reflection in Uniaxial Crystals,III: Transmission and Reflection Coefficients for an Extraordinary Incident Wave

Abstract

The boundary conditions have been solved and the reflection and transmission coefficients calculated for an interface between a uniaxial crystal and an isotropic medium when the incident wave is extraordinary. The existence of a pseudo-Brewster angle for each reflected wave has been verified, and the polarizations of the reflected refracted waves have been determined.     

A Broadband Microwave Metamaterial Absorber with Octave Bandwidth

In this paper, a broadband metamaterial absorber has been presented for practical applications. The unit cell of the proposed structure comprises metallic patch of single circular split-ring imprinted on top surface of a metal-backed dielectric substrate. The geometrical dimensions of the structure have been optimized in such a way that the structure exhibits broadband absorptivity response of 9.12 GHz from 6.70 to 15.82 GHz with more than 90 % absorptivity. Three distinct absorption peaks are observed at 7.16, 10.74 and 14.96 GHz. The absorption phenomena at these three frequencies have been analyzed and the roles of several geometrical parameters involved in the design are investigated. The proposed structure has been studied under oblique incidence, both for TE and TM polarizations where it shows wideband absorption characteristics up to 30° incident angle for TE polarization and 45° incident angle for TM polarization. The proposed structure is very thin (~λ/8.4 with respect to the centre frequency of absorption bandwidth) compared to the commercially available microwave absorbers.     

SAW device applications of longitudinal leaky surface waves on lithium tetraborate

The possibility of high frequency SAW device applications of longitudinal leaky surface waves (LLSW) on lithium tetraborate (Li₂ B₄O₇; LBO) is investigated in this paper. An electrical equivalent circuit model (ECM) is extended in order to consider effects of bulk wave scattering for the LLSWs. The equivalent circuit parameters used in the extended ECM for designing the LLSW devices are directly determined from numerically calculated dispersion curves. For applications of the LLSW, high frequency SAW filters on LBO with the Euler angles (0°, 47.3°, 90°) are demonstrated. As examples of the high frequency devices, 1.5 GHz and 1.2 GHz SAW filters using the mode are designed by using the extended ECM, and fabricated by using conventional patterning processes. One is for the filter of the global positioning system (GPS), another is for the 1.2 GHz band data transmission radio system in Japan. As a result, low loss SAW filters can be obtained easily without submicron fabrication techniques by using the LLSWs on LBO. Furthermore, the frequency response calculated by the extended ECM are in a good agreement with the experiments     

Comparison between ST-cut quartz 25 degrees and -60 degrees NSPUDT propagation directions

This paper discusses directivity and other propagation properties of natural single phase unidirectional transducer (NSPUDT) propagation directions on ST-cut quartz. The work focuses on the comparison of surface acoustic wave (SAW) directivity and propagation properties between the ST-cut quartz -60°, Euler angles: (0°, 132.75°, -60°), and the ST-cut quartz 25°, Euler angles: (0°, 132.75°, 25°), NSPUDT propagation directions, including predicted and measured directivity responses for both propagation directions. The well-known SAW 25° propagation direction is used for low loss, high performance SAW filter designs for consumer products and communications applications. The ST-cut quartz -60° propagation direction has been predicted to have a reflection coefficient 2.5 times larger than ST-cut quartz 25°. In addition the ST-cut quartz -60° satisfied the NSPUDT 90° reflection coefficient phase condition much more closely, resulting in an improved directivity response. For the delay line structures used in the experiments, the measured directivity is 10.1 dB for the -60° propagation direction. For the same structures, the measured directivity along the 25° propagation direction is about 5.0 dB. The experimental results given in this paper verify that indeed ST-cut quartz -60° has a higher directivity than ST-cut quartz 25°, confirming the theoretical predictions. In addition, this work compares other propagation properties for both directions, namely, phase velocities, electromechanical couplings, temperature coefficients of delay, power flow angles, and metallic strip reflection coefficient amplitudes and phases     

Microwave absorbers of two-layer composites laminate for wide oblique incidence angles

Advanced microwave absorbers for wide oblique incidence angles are required in many applications including wireless communication or vehicle identification in Intelligent Transport System (ITS) where 5.8 GHz Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) system is applied. In this study, two-layer microwave absorbers are designed for the achievement of low reflection coefficient over wide incidence angles at 5.8 GHz. The absorbing layer of rubber composite containing magnetic iron flake particles and the surface layer of low dielectric constant (carbon black composite and glass fiber composite) have been used in the absorber design. On the basis of transmission line theory, the reflection loss has been calculated with variation of incident angles for both Transverse Electric (TE) and Transverse Magnetic (TM) polarization. At the optimum thickness of the composite layers, a low value of reflection loss (less than −10 dB) has been predicted for wide incidence angles up to 60° for both TE and TM polarization, which is well consistent with the reflected power measured by free-space arch test. The two-layer composite laminate consisted of magnetic absorbing layer with high magnetic and dielectric loss and surface impedance-matching layer of a controlled dielectric constant can be proposed for high potential microwave absorbers in ITS.     

板状粘接结构中对称和反对称纵波与界面的相互作用

为了激发粘接结构中的导波或界面波,通常需要将声波从两半无限介质同相位或反相位地同时入射多层系统。针对此问题,基于矩阵方法,推导了界面处于理想连接的情况下,对称或反对称纵波从上下半无限空间入射时,三层板状粘接结构中纵、横波的反射与透射系数表达式。分析了入射角度、粘接层厚度以及基体材料等对声波反射(或透射)特性的影响。结果表明,对称或反对称纵波垂直入射时不发生波型转换。粘接结构中声波的反射(或透射)特性与入射角度、频率以及粘接层厚度等参数密切相关。在相同的粘接层厚度(或频率)范围内,随着声波频率(或粘接层厚度)的增加,谐振频率曲线向低频漂移。该方法可作为粘接结构中体波或导波传播特性研究的重要理论基础。     

Ultrathin Single Layer Metasurfaces with Ultra-Wideband Operation for Both Transmission and Reflection

Artificially engineered metasurfaces provide extraordinary wave control at the subwavelength scale. However, metasurfaces proposed so far suffer due to limited bandwidths. In this paper, extremely thin metasurfaces made of single metallic layer is experimentally presented for ultra-wideband operation from 9.3 to 32.5 GHz (with a fractional band of 112%), working at both transmission and reflection modes simultaneously. The phase control is achieved by azimuthally rotating the scatterer based on Pancharatnam–Berry phase principle. Nearly uniform efficiency (≈25%), approaching the theoretical limit of the infinitely thin metasurface, is achieved throughout the operation band. Finally, the proposed design is implemented for applications, e.g., the generation of electromagnetic waves carrying orbital angular momentums as well as anomalous reflections and refractions. The metasurfaces are characterized numerically and experimentally and the results are in good agreements.     

Analysis of the focal characteristics of cylindrical lenses made of anisotropically dielectric material based on rigorous electromagnetic theory

Abstract

The focal characteristics of refractive cylindrical lenses made of anisotropically dielectric material (uniaxial crystal) are analysed based on rigorous electromagnetic theory and the boundary element method. The performances of the lenses with different f numbers are appraised for both incident waves of the TE (transverse electric) and TM (transverse magnetic) polarizations. Numerical results show that the focal performance of this kind of lens for the TE polarization and the TM polarization of incident light wave is a difference, in particular, different focal lengths, owing to the anisotropy of the material. However, for the conventional isotropic lens, the focal features for both the TE and TM polarizations are the same. It is anticipated that this new kind of lens proposed for the first time may serve as a light switching device with high speed used in the micro-optical communication.     

Explicit expressions for spectral remittances of axially excited chiral sculptured thin films

Abstract

A theory of reflection and transmission of normally incident plane waves to a chiral sculptured thin film (CSTF) is presented. It is based on a coupled wave approach, in which the handedness-reversing reflections at the medium's interfaces are combined with the handedness-preserving distributed reflection inside the CSTF. Explicit formulas for the various reflection and transmission coefficients are derived. The method is shown to provide acceptable quantitative agreement with the exact full electromagnetic analysis.     

0.2 λ0 Thick Adaptive Retroreflector Made of Spin‐Locked Metasurface

The metasurface concept is employed to planarize retroflectors by stacking two metasurfaces with separation that is two orders larger than the wavelength. Here, a retroreflective metasurface using subwavelength‐thick reconfigurable C‐shaped resonators (RCRs) is reported, which reduces the overall thickness from the previous record of 590 λ₀ down to only 0.2 λ₀. The geometry of RCRs could be in situ controlled to realize equal amplitude and phase modulation onto transverse magnetic (TM)‐polarized and transverse electric (TE)‐polarized incidences. With the phase gradient being engineered, an in‐plane momentum could be imparted to the incident wave, guaranteeing the spin state of the retro‐reflected wave identical to that of the incident light. Such spin‐locked metasurface is natively adaptive toward different incident angles to realize retroreflection by mechanically altering the geometry of RCRs. As a proof of concept, an ultrathin retroreflective metasurface is validated at 15 GHz, under various illumination angles at 10°, 12°, 15°, and 20°. Such adaptive spin‐locked metasurface could find promising applications in spin‐based optical devices, communication systems, remote sensing, RCS enhancement, and so on.     

三维夹芯层连织物透波复合材料性能研究

考察了玻璃纤维三维夹芯层连织物/氰酸酯(CE)复合材料的透波性能, 并与夹芯层连织物/环氧树脂复合材料和蜂窝夹层结构复合材料进行了对比。研究发现: 实验频段范围内三维夹芯层连织物/氰酸酯复合材料的平均透波率高于蜂窝夹层结构复合材料和夹芯层连织物/环氧树脂复合材料; 夹芯层连织物/氰酸酯复合材料的透波率受电磁波入射角度影响较小, 并且在芯柱高度为8 mm时有最大值, 平行经向入射的透波率略大于平行纬向入射的透波率, 8~12 GHz频率的透波率略大于12~18 GHz的透波率; 由于反射作用, 面板增强后夹芯层连织物/氰酸酯复合材料的透波率下降明显。      

Linearly Polarized Millimeter Wave Reflectarray with Mutual Coupling Optimization

This work provides the design and analysis of a single layer, linearly polarized millimeter wave reflectarray antenna with mutual coupling optimization. Detailed analysis was carried out at 26 GHz design frequency using the simulations of the reflectarray unit cells as well as the periodic reflectarray antenna. The simulated results were verified by the scattering parameter and far-field measurements of the unit cell and periodic arrays, respectively. A close agreement between the simulated and measured results was observed in all the cases. Apart from the unit cells and reflectarray, the waveguide and horn antenna were also fabricated to be used in the measurements. The measured scattering parameter results of the proposed circular ring unit cells provided a maximum reflection loss of 2.8 dB with phase errors below 10°. On the other hand, the measured far-field results of the 20 × 20 reflectarray antenna provided a maximum gain of 26.45 dB with a maximum 3 dB beam width of 12° and 1 dB gain drop bandwidth of 13.1%. The performance demonstrated by the proposed reflectarray antenna makes it a potential candidate to be used in modern-day applications such as 5^th Generation (5G) and 6^th Generation (6G) communication systems.     

Electromagnetic wave absorption potential of SiC-based ceramic woven fabrics in the GHz range

This article investigates the electromagnetic wave-absorbing properties of SiC-based ceramic woven fabrics. The electrical conductivity of ceramic woven fabrics was modified by heat treatment in air, resulting in oxidation, and the electromagnetic wave absorption potential of single- and double-layer ceramic woven fabrics were determined in the 17–40 GHz frequency range using the free-space method. The absorption potentials of ceramic woven fabrics of different chemical composition and weave were correlated with their material properties through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and electrical resistance measurement. The effect of the different arrangements of fabrics in multilayer forms, and how oxidation affects the electromagnetic wave absorption potential of the fabrics are discussed. Various double-layer combinations of SiC-based woven fabrics revealed promising potentials for both reduced reflection and transmission, resulting in ~90% absorption in the GHz range, which makes them powerful candidate materials for electromagnetic wave absorption applications.     

Narrowband, polarization-independent free-space wave notch filter

A two-dimensional-corrugated-slab-waveguide add/drop filter providing 100% resonant reflection at 1.55 microm wavelength for both TE and TM polarizations with identical FWHM is designed. The fabricated device exhibits a reflectivity spectrum of more than 95% peak reflection for both polarizations at 1.537 microm. The coupling scheme involves the TE0 guided mode only; it is made relatively tolerant by means of a double-sided crossed grating.     

利用波动法研究曲梁结构中的波形转换和能量传递

基于Flugge理论,建立了薄壁均质常曲率曲梁面内运动的6阶微分控制方程,得到了曲梁的频散特性曲线和6种波的轴向位移和径向位移的比值,推导了位移和内力响应的表达式以及物理域和波数域的变换矩阵。利用波的传递和反射矩阵对曲梁和半无限长直梁耦合时的能量传递系数和反射系数进行了求解分析。对于半无限长直梁中给定的拉伸波或弯曲波入射,得到了和频率,曲率半径和伸展角度相关的各种波传递和反射的能量系数表达式。数值结果表明,纵波和弯曲波在经过曲梁结构之后发生了波形转换,并研究了能量传递和反射系数随频率,伸展角度,曲梁曲率半径和截面尺寸比的变化。结果表明,无限长直梁和曲梁耦合系统中,低频时,经过曲梁反射和传递后的弯曲波和纵波会相互转化;高频时弯曲波和纵波都能够没有散射地通过曲梁而进行传播。为改善高频时曲梁中的能量衰减效果,研究了在曲梁结构中插入单个、多个中间支撑或阻振质量块时的能量传递和反射系数。结果表明,阻振质量块能够很好地阻止高频时曲梁中能量的传递,对于周期分布的多个阻振质量块,能量传递系数随频率的变化存在周期结构的阻带特征。这些研究结果为曲梁结构的设计提供定性的理论基础。     

Synthesis and characterization of MoS2/Fe@Fe3O4 nanocomposites exhibiting enhanced microwave absorption performance at normal and oblique incidences

Herein, we attempted to prepare MoS₂/Fe@Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites capable of strongly absorbing broadband incident electromagnetic (EM) radiation and probed the effects of their composition on complex permittivity and permeability at 2–18 GHz. Calculations of normal-incidence reflection losses (RLs) based on EM parameters revealed that the Fe@Fe₃O₄ to MoS₂ mass ratio strongly influenced the absorption peak intensity and bandwidth. Specifically, an RL peak of −31.8 dB@15.3 GHz and a bandwidth (RL < − 10 dB) of 4.8 GHz (13.2–18 GHz) were achieved at a thickness of 1.52 mm and a Fe@Fe₃O₄ to MoS₂ mass ratio of 60:40. Further, RL and bandwidth were investigated for oblique incidence, in which case two kinds of EM waves (TE – electric field perpendicular to plane of incidence; TM – electric field in the plane of incidence) were considered. The absorption peaks of TE and TM waves did not exceed −20 dB when the incidence angle increased to 30°, and the bandwidth (RL < − 10 dB) reached 4.2 GHz (TE wave) and 4.0 GHz (TM wave) when this angle was further increased to 40.0° and 50.4°, respectively. Finally, the mechanism of microwave absorption was discussed in detail.