活性粉末混凝土高温后冲击压缩特性研究

利用分离式霍普金森压杆系统,分别对常温下、400℃、600℃及800℃高温过火后的RPC试样进行单轴冲击压缩实验.研究混杂纤维对高温过火后RPC材料抗冲击性能的影响规律.结果表明:常温下混杂纤维对RPC材料动态抗压强度和韧性均产生负混杂效应,但韧性指标降低幅度没有动态抗压强度明显.高温过火后,混杂纤维RPC 材料出现了塑性强化现象,动态抗压强度和韧性增加明显,抗冲击性能及材料完整性均优于单掺钢纤维RPC材料,出现正混杂效应.在研究范围内纤维最优体积掺量为:钢纤维2.0%、PVA 纤维0.1%.     

高温后钢管RPC的SHPB试验研究

采用75 mm分离式霍普金森压杆(Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar,SHPB)分别对常温、高温200℃和300℃后的钢管活性粉末混凝土(Reactive Powder Concrete-Filled Steel Tube,钢管RPC)及RPC进行冲击压缩试验,分析了应变率效应及温度效应对试件动态力学性能和破坏形态的影响。结果表明:高温作用后钢管RPC的韧性和相对韧性均随应变率的提高而增大,相同应变率下钢管RPC的韧性和相对韧性随过火温度提高而增大。冲击荷载作用下钢管RPC和RPC的破坏程度均随过火温度提高而降低,RPC发生脆性破坏而钢管RPC发生延性破坏。钢管RPC的吸收能随过火温度提高而增大,但RPC的吸收能受过火温度影响较小。钢管RPC和PRC的吸收能均随应变率的提高而增大。试件的吸能能力取决于能量吸收率的大小。     

高温后钢管混凝土短柱落锤动态冲击试验研究

采用落锤冲击实验机进行了高温作用后钢管混凝土短柱抗冲击性能试验研究,通过试验研究试件所经历的最高温度、升降温全过程中轴压力水平、冲击速度、冲击能量和含钢率等参数对高温后钢管混凝土抗冲击性能的影响。试验量测了钢管混凝土应变、冲击力和压缩变形时程曲线,试验结果表明,试件所经历的最高温度、冲击速度、冲击能量和含钢率均对高温作用后钢管混凝土的动态力学性能有显著的影响,而升降温全过程中轴压力水平的影响较小。试件的轴向和径向残余变形随着试件所经历的最高温度、冲击能量、轴压比的增大而增大,随着含钢率的增大而减小。高温后钢管混凝土在冲击作用下产生了较大的压缩变形,延性有所下降,但仍能够保持很好的完整性,说明钢管混凝土在高温作用后有良好的抗冲击能力。     

循环压缩和冲击下聚氨酯发泡塑料的能量吸收

基于聚氨酯发泡塑料的准静态压缩和落锤冲击试验,分析其在中低应变率下的力学性能和能量吸收性能,得到了该材料的应力-应变曲线和能量吸收图,研究了不同应变率和循环静动态试验对该材料缓冲性能的影响。随着初始应变率由2.56×10-3s-1(准静态)增加至4.01×101s-1、5.08×101s-1和5.68×101s-1,材料的应力和能量吸收明显增大,应变为0.4时动态应力分别比静态应力增加了54.34%、79.35%和114.49%,所吸收的能量分别比静态增加了18.98%、30.09%和65.74%。对同一试样先后进行五次循环准静态压缩或落锤冲击试验,与首次试验相比第二、三、四、五次试验应力和能量吸收明显下降,应变为0.4时静态应力分别下降了18.48%、32.97%、36.59%和39.49%,动态应力分别下降了20.81%、28.48%、34.75%和34.75%,准静态压缩能量吸收分别下降了24.54%、37.50%、40.74%和43.52%,落锤冲击能量吸收分别下降了15.30%、24.20%、30.25%和30.96%。中低应变率下,聚氨酯发泡塑料的应变率效应十分明显,循环准静态压缩和落锤冲击效应同样十分明显。循环试验达到一定次数后,材料缓冲性能基本保持不变,可用此数据作为缓冲包装设计的依据。研究结果对于聚氨酯发泡塑料的合理缓冲包装设计有指导意义。     

高温后钢管RPC动态力学性能及数值模拟研究

采用φ74 mm分离式霍普金森压杆(Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar,SHPB)装置对30块高温后的钢管活性粉末混凝土(Reactive Powder Concrete-Filled Steel Tube,钢管RPC)进行了不同应变率的冲击压缩试验,得到了高温后钢管RPC的动态应力-应变关系和破坏形态。利用ANSYS软件模拟了钢管RPC截面温度场分布,然后根据加权平均法得到高温后钢管RPC的轴心抗压强度代表值,最后采用LS-DYNA软件模拟了高温后钢管RPC动态力学行为。结果表明,高温200~300℃后钢管RPC具有明显的应变率效应,经历高温作用后的钢管RPC仍保持较高的强度,较好的延性和整体性,变形能力有所增强。基于*MAT_CONCRETE_DAMAGE_REL3模型的数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合良好,能够较好预测高温后钢管RPC的动态峰值应力。     

复合材料层板冲击剪切实验技术研究

基于HOPKINSON杆冲击剪切试验技术、复合材料层板的材料性能及应用特点的分析,对“杆-管”冲击剪切动态力学性能实验技术进行了改进优化,解决了输入杆跳动、同轴调节困难、结果分散大等实验技术问题。根据输入杆、输出管和复合材料试样的匹配分析,确立了输入杆、试样和输出管针对动态冲击剪切实验的约束尺寸条件。通过有限元数值分析,研究了预置剪切间隙对冲击剪切的影响,研究认为0.2mm～0.3mm间隙设计对Ф14.5mm输入杆冲击 2mm～4mm层板试样的冲剪试验是合适的。冲击剪切实验数据表明,加载率对玻纤增强复合材料层板的动态剪切力学性能影响明显。     

钢纤维混凝土动态抗拉强度的实验研究

基于线弹性和一维应力波假定,采用Φ75mmSHPB对钢纤维体积率Vf分别为0、0.75%和1.50%的三种混凝土材料进行了一维杆层裂实验,考虑了应力波在混凝土材料内传播时的波形弥散效应和应力幅值衰减,通过计算应变片记录的应力信号确定了材料的动态抗拉强度。结果表明,钢纤维混凝土的动态抗拉强度受应变率和钢纤维体积率的影响,本文为测试脆性材料的动态抗拉强度提供了一种有效方法。基于微观扫描技术,对钢纤维增强机理进行了分析。     

碳纤维混杂纤维混凝土抗冲击性能研究

对比美国混凝土学会的混凝土落锤冲击试验装置,自行设计了混凝土落锤弯曲冲击试验装置,进行了不同几何尺寸及弹性模量的碳纤维、钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维混凝土的抗冲击力学性能试验研究。分析比较了不同纤维几何尺寸和弹性模量、种类和掺量对混杂纤维混凝土抗冲击性能的影响和增强机理。本文通过定义混杂效应系数,可定量评价混凝土抗冲击力学性能的正混杂效应。研究表明纤维可以明显提高混凝土的抗冲击强度,其中碳纤维混杂纤维混凝土的提高幅度更为显著。     

具有Kevlar短纤维界面增韧的碳纤维/铝蜂窝夹芯板冲击后压缩性能

碳纤维夹芯板受到冲击载荷后易发生分层损伤,在工程应用中严重影响结构安全。首先对碳纤维/铝蜂窝夹芯板界面进行Kevlar短纤维增韧设计;其次对比研究了Kevlar短纤维界面增韧及未增韧夹芯板的低速冲击行为和冲击后压缩行为,将其冲击后剩余压缩强度、能量吸收及破坏模式进行对比;最后运用数字图像相关技术(DIC)获取增韧及未增韧试件在冲击后压缩过程中的应变云图。结果表明：低速冲击过程中,Kevlar短纤维增韧可以有效提高碳纤维/铝蜂窝夹芯板的冲击损伤阻抗,增韧试件的临界损伤阈值载荷明显高于未增韧试件;相比于未增韧试件,4种冲击能量下增韧试件的冲击后剩余压缩强度(CAI)值分别提高了2.68%、9.24%、4.65%、11.13%,能量吸收分别提高了69.09%、52.88%、55.03%、101.70%;对碳纤维/铝蜂窝夹芯板冲击后压缩过程中的DIC观测,进一步验证了芳纶短纤维对界面的增韧效果,并揭示了增韧界面对结构的增强机制。     

主动围压下岩石的冲击力学性能试验研究

利用具有主动围压加载装置的直径为100 mm分离式Hopkinson压杆（SHPB）试验装置和薄圆形紫铜片作为波形整形器,研究了斜长角闪岩在不同围压等级（0~6 MPa）、不同应变速率（50~170 s-1）下的动态力学性能,并对试验有效性进行了分析。试验结果表明：斜长角闪岩的动态强度增长因子与应变率的对数呈近似线性关系,强度与比能量吸收随应变率的增加而近似线性增加,体现了显著的应变率相关性;在同等级应变率范围内,随着围压的增加,岩石的增强效果与增韧效果逐渐增强;同时发现,在围压作用下,岩石的破坏由拉伸破坏向压剪破坏逐渐过渡和发展。SHPB试验中,近似恒应变率加载时间比例约为69.5 %,能够较好地满足应力均匀分布及近似恒应变率加载要求,表明SHPB试验的有效性和结果的可靠性     

Application of high performance polypropylene fibers in concrete lining of water tunnels

In this study, the application of high performance polypropylene fibers (HPP fibers) in concrete lining of water tunnels, was investigated experimentally. A comparison between the behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete and HPP fiber reinforced concrete with ordinary concrete is drawn. Advantages and shortcomings of HPP fibers used for concrete lining of water tunnels are also presented.The obtained results showed that the HPP fibers were not effective in compressive strength when compared to steel fibers, but the effects of HPP fibers on tensile strength, flexural strength, toughness and energy absorption of concrete were significant. Based on the results, the effects of HPP fibers on concrete characteristics such as the flexural toughness, concrete permeability and resistance to chloride penetration were higher than those of steel fibers. The results also showed that with application of HPP fibers, durability and serviceability of the concrete linings can be improved.     

钢筋活性粉末混凝土简支梁受弯力学性能试验与计算

活性粉末混凝土（RPC）与普通混凝土（OC）相比，具有超高的强度、高韧性和优异的耐久性，其构件承载力与刚度计算方法必然不同于普通混凝土构件。该文对4根钢筋活性粉末混凝土简支梁开展受弯性能足尺试验，获得了梁的开裂弯矩、极限弯矩及荷载-跨中位移曲线，揭示了RPC简支梁受弯变形特征与破坏模式，推导了钢筋RPC简支梁的开裂弯矩与正截面受弯承载力计算公式。结果表明:钢纤维RPC极限压应变为4394 με~5200 με，开裂应变为690 με~820 με，均远大于普通混凝土；由于添加了钢纤维，公式推导时必须考虑RPC拉区拉应力的影响，推导所得开裂弯矩、正截面受弯承载力及刚度公式计算值与试验值吻合较好，计算公式具有较高的精度，可用于钢筋RPC梁的设计计算。     

Mechanical, durability and microstructural characteristics of ultra-high-strength self-compacting concrete incorporating steel fibers

Few researches are carried out in the Gulf area to study the feasibility of producing UHSC using available local materials with the inclusion of steel fibers, and investigate its properties and durability. Local available materials and the inclusion of steel fibers with different volume fractions are investigated to produce UHSC. Different mechanical properties are evaluated (compressive strength and splitting tensile strength). Durability of the concrete in high sulfate and high temperature condition (i.e. resembling Gulf environment) is evaluated. Also, chloride permeability, bulk chloride diffusion and electrical resistivity are evaluated. Test results indicate that local material can produce UHS–FRC. The ductility of the concrete is greatly improved by the incorporation of steel fibers and increases as the fiber volume increases. Chloride permeability, bulk chloride diffusion and electrical resistivity are affected by the volume fraction of steel fibers. The inclusion of steel fibers did not have significant effect on the durability of the concrete in the sulfate environment. Microstructural investigations of UHS–FRC concrete were also performed. The microstructural investigations shed some light on the nature of interfacial bond of fibers and the cement paste and its effect on its mechanical and fracture properties.     

CFRP筋-高强钢筋/高强混凝土柱的抗震性能

为了研究高强钢筋和碳纤维增强树脂复合材料(CFRP)混合配筋/高强混凝土柱的抗震性能,对CFRP筋-高强钢筋混合配筋的高强混凝土柱进行了低周反复荷载试验和有限元分析,研究了CFRP筋的粘结条件、不同轴压比以及高强混凝土种类等参数对其抗震性能的影响。结果表明:所有的高强混合配筋高强混凝土柱均发生延性破坏;在相同条件下,高强混合配筋混凝土中分别添加了钢纤维活性粉末和钢纤维后,表现出更好的耗能能力和延性;有粘结CFRP筋混合配筋高强混凝土柱比无粘结CFRP筋混合配筋柱的变形能力和承载力分别提高了9.6%和17.1%,但是延性系数降低了22.5%;在延性破坏的条件下,随着轴压比的增加,CFRP筋-高强钢筋混合配筋柱的屈服强度和极限强度明显增大,极限位移和耗能能力也逐渐减小;高强钢筋和CFRP筋配筋率越高,高强混合配筋柱的极限承载力和变形能力越大。      

Toughness indices of steel fiber reinforced concrete under mode II loading

The toughness indices of fiber reinforced concrete under Mode II loading effects are rarely reported due to lack of information on standard testing procedures. However, the direct shear test with improvement over JSCE-SF6 method is generally accepted to study Mode II fracture parameters. In this paper, experimental investigations to determine the fracture properties and toughness indices of steel fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) under Mode II loading are reported. Straight steel fibers of length 25 mm with an aspect ratio of 44.6 were randomly distributed in concrete with varying fiber volume fractions of 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5%. A symmetrical Mode II loading set up was designed to achieve an ideal shear failure. It has been observed that the failure was due essentially to shear (Mode II) fracture without secondary flexural cracking. Plain concrete failed at a low equivalent shear strain of 0.5%, while the addition of steel fibers improved the shear strains up to as much as 8.0%. The shear strength and the shear toughness of concrete with the addition of steel fibers have been improved very significantly. As the volume fraction of fibers increases, the shear strength increases up to an optimum volume fraction, beyond which there has been no improvement on the shear strength. However, the toughness indices determined in Mode II loading (shear) have been observed to be about 15 times as high as that under Mode I loading (flexure).     

Mechanical behavior of recycled coarse aggregate concrete reinforced with steel fibers under direct shear

Recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) concrete has attracted more and more attention worldwide in recent years due to the exhaustion of natural coarse aggregate and environmental pollution from construction and demolition waste in civil engineering. In this study, experiments were carried out on over 100 specimens to investigate the mechanical properties and failure mode of concrete with different volume content of steel fibers (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) and different RCA replacement ratio (0%, 30%, 50% and 100%) under direct shear load. The results show that addition of steel fibers can effectively improve the shear strength and shear toughness of RCA concrete. For a given compressive strength, the RCA replacement ratio has negligible impact on shear strength, but shear deformation and toughness increase as RCA replacement ratio reaches above a ‘limiting value’. A shear strength formula for steel fiber reinforced RCA concrete (SFRCAC) based on compressive strength and characteristic coefficient of steel fiber has been put forward.     

RPC力学参数及抗接触爆炸性能试验

为了得到新型材料钢纤维RPC遮弹板的力学参数及接触爆炸性能参数,测试了5%纤维含量的试件的抗压强度、抗剪强度及断裂韧度,得到了多组试验数据.并对钢纤维RPC抗接触爆炸性能进行了初步的模型试验研究,根据试验数据及理论研究得到了它的爆炸压缩半径系数.通过两类试验表明,所采用的钢纤维RPC度件具有很高的强度与断裂韧度,其抗接触爆炸能力是普通混凝土的3倍左右.     

Mechanical properties of reactive powder concrete containing high volumes of ground granulated blast furnace slag

The mechanical properties (flexural strength, compressive strength, toughness and fracture energy) of steel microfiber reinforced reactive powder concrete (RPC) were investigated under different curing conditions (standard, autoclave and steam curing). Portland cement was replaced with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) at 20%, 40% and 60%. Sintered bauxite, granite and quartz were used as aggregates in different series. The compressive strength of high volume GGBFS RPC was over 250 MPa after autoclaving. When an external pressure was applied during setting and hardening stages, compressive strength reached up to 400 MPa. The amount of silica fume can be decreased with increasing amount of GGBFS. SEM micrographs revealed the tobermorite after autoclave curing.     

钢纤维对掺花岗岩石粉UHPC的增强增韧:磷酸锌改性和纤维形状的影响及机理

采用自制的单根钢纤维拉拔试验装置等,通过拉拔试验和SEM-EDS等试验,开展钢纤维的磷酸锌(ZnPh)改性及其形状对在蒸压养护条件下的掺花岗岩石粉超高性能混凝土(UHPC)增强增韧影响机理的研究。所研究钢纤维形状包括:镀铜平直型S、镀铜单折线端钩型G1、镀铜双折线端钩型G2和镀铜波浪型L。研究表明,钢纤维的机械咬合力起主导作用,钢纤维平均粘结强度与拔出功大小顺序均为:G1G2LS。ZnPh改性后,钢纤维表面变粗糙,这增强了钢纤维与UHPC基体间的化学粘结力和静摩擦力,从而提高了钢纤维在UHPC中的平均粘结强度和拔出功。在UHPC韧性的提高方面,采用ZnPh改性,对S钢纤维最明显,而对异型钢纤维(G1、G2和L)则不明显。