基于叠加法消除CMUT测量拖尾的研究

介绍了一种针对空气耦合电容式微加工超声传感器(CMUT)近场盲区的消除方法。从CMUT传感器本身的工作原理出发,通过计算CMUT传感器的集中等效参数建立了CMUT的弹簧-质量-阻尼等效模型,根据此模型分析了CMUT传感器拖尾信号产生的原因、激励脉冲宽度与拖尾信号的长度和能量的关系等;设计了反相叠加激励信号,证明了叠加法对消除CMUT拖尾信号的有效性;设计了由FPGA、信号驱动电路、信号提取电路、信号采集卡构成的测试系统;实验测试显示,该方法可以有效地改善CMUT传感器的盲区范围。     

反相叠加减小超声检测盲区的方法

对于收发合置应用的换能器,在发射脉冲信号的激励下,会产生一定的拖尾,在大尺度声学测量应用中这种拖尾可以被忽略,但是在短距离声学测量应用中,回波信号会淹没在激励信号的拖尾之中,导致测量盲区的加大.为了提高超声波的短距离测量能力,从换能器等效电路入手,通过分析换能器的频率特性,设计了换能器的等效高斯带通滤波器模型,提出了一...     

2m比长仪纳米级高精度刻线自动瞄准系统

阐述了2m比长仪刻线瞄准系统的组成,对其光电显微刻线成像的原理及刻线图像信号进行了分析,根据其刻线信号的特点,研究了其高精度的刻线信号自动处理系统,该系统基于FPGA现场可编程电路技术,实现刻线信号的自动门控触发、自动滤除虚假刻线信号,配合计算机信号自动处理软件可以实现刻线测量的高精度自动瞄准.最后对2m比长仪的瞄准精度进行了测试实验,实验结果表明,测量金属标准线纹尺时,2m比长仪单次测量刻线瞄准精度优于10nm(1σ).     

基于实时算法的同位素结晶器钢水液位测量系统

同位素检测是恶劣环境下测量液位的主要方法,本文介绍一种新型结晶器钢水液位测量系统,系统由放射源、核辐射探测器和信号处理单元组成.系统中采用柱状γ射线源,使其活度沿芯柱成非线性分布,以减小测量结果的非线性.为提高测量的统计精度和快速性,设计了信号实时处理算法测量信号脉冲计数率,进行信号滤波和放射源衰减自动补偿.同时将模糊逻辑应用于系统中,根据输入信号变化自动调整算法参数.仿真和应用结果验证了这些方法的有效性.     

空间光通信系统的设计及实现

提出一种较全面的空间光通信系统结构。该系统的光发射接收子系统采用三发三收的设计方法,以增大光的发射功率和接收功率;APT子系统采用望远镜进行粗瞄准,音频调制光标信号进行精瞄准;控制子系统采用Ethernet接口,远程通过Internet对系统进行测量和控制的设计方法。给出一个近地大气空间光通信系统的设计实例, 其信号传输速率为155Mbps,传输距离为4km,在误码率不大于10-9条件下,系统接收灵敏度达到-52dBm。     

DC-OFDM超宽带无线通信系统

对高速超宽带(UWB)无线通信技术进行了研究,提出了双载波-正交频分复用(DC-OFDM)UWB系统方案,包括频带划分方案、帧结构和发射端系统方案以及参考接收机方案,给出了方案的计算机仿真结果和硬件实验结果.DC-OFDM UWB方案采用独创的双载波结构,降低了对射频和基带关键电路硬件实现的要求,获得了频域分集效果,提高了频谱使用灵活性.硬件实验系统的无线传输速率达到110 Mbps,传输距离为10m,信号发射功率小于0.1mW.     

用微机测量两同频交变信号的相位差

介绍一种利用插值细分原理测量两同频交变信号相位差的新方法及具体实现的硬件电路。该方法可大幅度减小两比相信号的频率波动对测量准确度的影响。     

用微机测量两同频交换信号的相位差

介绍一种利用插值细分原理测量两同频交变信号相位差的新方法及具体实现的硬件电路，该方法可大幅度减小两比相信号的频率波动对测量准确度的影响。     

大面积平行光幕弹着点测试系统

研究了基于平行激光幕大面积弹着点坐标测试方法.以半导体激光线发生器为光源,用长焦距消球差的柱面菲涅耳透镜形成平行激光幕单元,通过多个平行激光幕单元的无缝拼接可形成大面积靶面.由于平行激光幕单元内沿宽度方向通量密度呈高斯分布,一定直径的弹丸通过光幕的不同横向位置时探测器获取信号不同,因此可根据信号的幅值来细分平行激光幕单元宽度范围内弹着点的位置.通过口径为7.62mm的实弹射击试验验证了细分方法的可行性.结果表明了该系统有足够的灵敏度能获取小目标的过靶信号;在10 m长靶面的试验系统中测量坐标值与弹孔测量坐标值差值的标准差为5.16 mm.     

距离查找表的产生及其在三维传感中的应用

本文提出了一种快速、简便的三角剖面术查找表算法。根据这种算法,可以从样板上测量三个以上不同高度的点在CCD上成象位置,综合出距离查找表。采用这种方法可以加快以三角剖面术为基础的三维测量过程,减小误差,更重要的是当系统结构发生变化时(如重新安装系统或运输后),可以对样板重新测量,产生新的距离查找表,从而对系统进行自动校正。该算法已在四川大学研制的“鞋楦三维面形自动测量系统”中应用,获得了预期的结果。     

Distance determination by the gamma-ray time-of-flight method

The time-of-flight method is studied using coincident annihilation gamma rays with an energy of 511 keV to find the distance from a surface at which they are scattered back for detection. The gamma rays have a good penetration ability, which makes the method suitable for industrial circumstances in which the range is rendered opaque to light by flue gas and aerosols. An accuracy of 1 cm over a distance of 2 m can be obtained by increasing the averaging time by the square of the lengthening factor. The density of the surface can be studied by recording the width of the distribution of the surface measurements. This measurement needs a prolonged averaging time, but the thickness of the slag layer on top of a steel melt can be measured with a maximum error of 1.5 cm at short distances, for example     

Development of a microcalorimeter with transition edge sensor for detection of LX rays emitted by transuranium elements

A transition edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeter has been developed for use as an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The TES microcalorimeter is a thermal detector that enables one to determine the energy of an incident photon by measuring the resultant increase in temperature. In this work, a Ti/Au TES microcalorimeter was developed to measure LX rays emitted by transuranium elements. The phase transition temperature was set at ~200 mK by using a bilayer structure composed of a 110-nm-thick Au layer and a 40-nm-thick Ti layer. An Au of 5 μm thickness was deposited on the Ti/Au bilayer to achieve an absorption efficiency of 35-80 % for the energy range of LX rays (10-25 keV). The developed TES microcalorimeter was irradiated with LX rays emitted by an (241)Am source at an operating temperature of 140 mK. An energy resolution of ~80 eV (full width at the half maximum) was obtained for L(β1)X ray of 17.75 keV.     

伪随机码超声扩频测距系统设计与算法

针对单脉冲回波方式的超声测距方法存在的缺陷,借鉴雷达中的脉冲压缩技术,介绍了基于伪随机二进制序列(m序列)的超声扩频测距实现方法.伪随机码与超声载波采用ASK(幅移键控)调制方式,介绍了伪随机码超声扩频测距硬件方案和超声测距时延估计模型.针对超声换能器带宽特性和单脉冲回波特点,分析了m序列参数设计方法.提出了一种基于FFT的伪随机码包络相关快速时延估计算法,该算法将信号解调与匹配相关融合,大大降低了运算量.实验表明,本文介绍的伪码超声扩频测距硬件方案和快速算法可在便携式超声测距系统中实现,并可在多基站超声定位系统中推广使用.     

基于时域特征分布的核爆电磁脉冲识别算法

为解决近区核爆电磁脉冲(NEMP)与闪电电磁脉冲(LEMP)的识别问题,提出一种500 km内的时域自动识别算法,并详细介绍了关键环节的具体实现过程。对于多站接收到的同源电磁脉冲(EMP)信号,通过场强阈值触发和波形相关运算结合,确定各条波形时域分析的起始点;根据1000 km处各站直达波和反射波的时差估算电离层高度,以此高度计算时域分析的截止点。定义4个特征参数来表征该段时间范围内的波形特征,并通过对大量的LEMP样本进行统计,得到各个特征参数的分布特性,结合实测NEMP波形的特征参数,制定一套NEMP自动识别算法。实测数据验证结果显示,该算法可有效排除99%以上的LEMP干扰,并有效识别近区范围内的NEMP波形。     

The temperature wave method of determining fracture toughness values due to crack propagation

A method is presented of determining fracture toughness by measurement of the amount of heat emitted at the tip of a propagating crack. Two thermojunctions placed adjacent to the crack were used to monitor the temperature wave produced at fracture. An electromagnetic fluxmeter was used to integrate the thermojunction output with respect to time and was calibrated to give a direct reading in terms of strain energy release rate G. The temperature wave method is independent of initial crack length and fracture surface area and can be readily used for specimens having complex sections. Values obtained by this method compare favourably with toughness values determined by a linear elastic fracture mechanics analysis. Results of static and dynamic three-point bending tests on specimens at different temperatures within the range ?40 to 60° C are reported.     

Design of transmission-type phase holograms for a compact radar-cross-section measurement range at 650 GHz

A design formalism is presented for transmission-type phase holograms for use in a submillimeter-wave compact radar-cross-section (RCS) measurement range. The design method is based on rigorous electromagnetic grating theory combined with conventional hologram synthesis. Hologram structures consisting of a curved groove pattern on a 320 mmx280 mm Teflon plate are designed to transform an incoming spherical wave at 650 GHz into an output wave generating a 100 mm diameter planar field region (quiet zone) at a distance of 1 m. The reconstructed quiet-zone field is evaluated by a numerical simulation method. The uniformity of the quiet-zone field is further improved by reoptimizing the goal field. Measurement results are given for a test hologram fabricated on Teflon.     

Q开关Nd:YAG激光治疗机关键参数计量检测装置研制

针对脉冲激光治疗机关键参数溯源难的问题,基于LabVIEW和USB总线技术设计并研制了Q开关Nd:YAG激光治疗机关键参数计量检测装置。实现了对治疗激光和瞄准激光关键参数的计量检测及自动生成检测报告等功能,其主要功能模块有:脉宽、能量、重复频率、光斑尺寸和束散角、波长以及瞄准激光功率测量模块。在光斑测量模块中,在传统“刀口法”中引入反馈机制并实现了全自动测量,可自适应不同脉冲频率的激光。研究了其溯源方法,光斑尺寸测量不确定度达到了3.2%。对研制的装置其它参数也做了不确定度分析,包括激光波长、脉宽、能量、重复频率和瞄准激光功率,其不确定度分别为0.6 nm、4.0%、3.2%、0.12%和3.4%。     

High-accuracy measurement of 240-m distance in an optical tunnel by use of a compact femtosecond laser

A high-accuracy optical distance meter with a mode-locked femtosecond laser is proposed for distance measurements in a 310-m-long optical tunnel. We measured the phase shift of the optical beat component between longitudinal modes of a mode-locked laser. A high resolution of 50 mum at 240-m distance was obtained without cyclic error correction. The group refractive index of air is automatically extracted to an accuracy of 6 parts per million (ppm) by two-color measurement with the pulses of fundamental and second-harmonic wavelengths. Finally, an absolute mechanical distance of 240 m was obtained to within 8-ppm accuracy by use of a series of beat frequencies with the advantage of a wide range of intermode frequency, together with the results of the two-color measurement.     

Calibration of analyzing magnet for beam energy measurement using the recoil mass separator HIRA

Beam energy measurements have been carried out using the energy achromatic recoil mass separator HIRA at NSC. The energy was obtained from a measurement of the time-of-flight through HIRA which offers a flight distance of about 8.8 m. The method is quite useful for the calibration of the analyzer magnet over the entire operating range.     

Full-range k-domain linearization in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

A full-bandwidth k-domain linearization method for spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is demonstrated. The method uses information of the wavenumber-pixel-position provided by a translating-slit-based wavelength filter. For calibration purposes, the filter is placed either after a broadband source or at the end of the sample path, and the filtered spectrum with a narrowed line width (～0.5?nm) is incident on a line-scan camera in the detection path. The wavelength-swept spectra are co-registered with the pixel positions according to their central wavelengths, which can be automatically measured with an optical spectrum analyzer. For imaging, the method does not require a filter or a software recalibration algorithm; it simply resamples the OCT signal from the detector array without employing rescaling or interpolation methods. The accuracy of k-linearization is maximized by increasing the k-linearization order, which is known to be a crucial parameter for maintaining a narrow point-spread function (PSF) width at increasing depths. The broadening effect is studied by changing the k-linearization order by undersampling to search for the optimal value. The system provides more position information, surpassing the optimum without compromising the imaging speed. The proposed full-range k-domain linearization method can be applied to SD-OCT systems to simplify their hardware/software, increase their speed, and improve the axial image resolution. The experimentally measured width of PSF in air has an FWHM of 8?μm at the edge of the axial measurement range. At an imaging depth of 2.5?mm, the sensitivity of the full-range calibration case drops less than 10?dB compared with the uncompensated case.