低温选择性催化还原脱硝催化剂CeVO_4/凹凸棒土的制备和性能研究

燃煤电厂产生的氮氧化物会严重危害大气环境和人类身体健康,如何减少氮氧化物的排放已成为研究的热点。通过水热法制备的低温选择性脱硝催化剂CeVO_4/凹凸棒土是以凹凸棒土为载体材料,以CeVO_4为活性催化中心,通过XRD、SEM和N_2吸附等表征手段分析表明所制备催化剂的活性成分主要为CeVO_4,同时有微量的CeO_2和V_2O_5生成,且具有大的比表面积(217.571m~2/g),在180℃时的催化转化效率达到最大93.24%,在一定量SO_2存在的条件下,催化转效率依然维持在81%以上,表明CeVO_4/凹凸棒土催化剂具有较好的低温催化活性和抗SO_2毒害性能。     

Cu含量对Cu/ZSM-5催化剂氨选择性催化还原NO影响的研究

采用浸渍法将铜(Cu)负载在ZSM-5分子筛上,制备了一系列不同Cu含量的Cu/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂。对ZSM-5及Cu/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂的氨选择性催化还原一氧化氮(NO)性能进行评价,并对Cu/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂进行表征分析。结果表明,Cu含量变化对Cu/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂的氨选择性催化还原反应(NH3-SCR)活性影响较大,Cu含量为0.75%(wt,质量分数)制得的Cu/ZSM-5具有最佳的中低温活性,在190℃条件下对NO的转化率为91%。     

NH3选择性催化还原NOx的Mn基催化剂研究进展

氨选择性催化还原技术是目前消除氮氧化物(NOx)的有效技术之一。鉴于传统的V2O5-WO3(MoO3)/TiO2工业催化剂存在低温NOx消除率过低的问题,开发具有良好低温NH3-SCR活性的Mn基催化剂成为了研究热点。通过文献分析,主要从单一MnOx、Mn基混合氧化物和负载型Mn基氧化物三方面阐述了Mn基催化剂的研究现状,并对Mn基催化剂的SCR活性、反应机理及抗H2O和SO2性能等方面进行了总结,最后提出了Mn基催化剂的研究方向。     

Pd-ZrO2/Al2O3催化剂对丙烯选择性催化还原NO的催化活性研究

采用浸渍法制备了具有高比表面积的氧化铝负载的Pd-ZrO2复合物催化剂(Pd-ZrO2/Al2O3),利用BET、XRD、TEM等手段研究了该复合物催化剂的物理特性,并重点研究了该复合物催化剂对以C3H6为还原剂选择性催化还原(SCR)NO的催化反应活性,分别讨论了反应温度、组分、焙烧温度、原料气组分、空速等因素对该催化反应的影响.结果发现,少量的Pd纳米粒子均匀分散于载体氧化铝上,添加适量ZrO2后,所制备的低负载量的Pd(1wt%)-ZrO2(2wt%)/Al2O3复合物催化剂具有较高的NO选择性催化还原反应活性,在240～250℃可使NO的转化率达到50%～70%.其活性提高的机制在于适量ZrO2的添加增强了反应物中NO和C3H6在催化剂表面的吸附,同时与Pd催化剂形成一种协同催化作用.     

稀燃汽车尾气中NO催化氧化催化剂研究进展

NO是稀燃汽车尾气中的主要污染物,关于稀燃条件下NOx的消除是当前环境催化研究的热点。从NO催化氧化为NO2在选择性催化还原(SCR)、存储还原(NSR)以及颗粒物捕集器(DPF)中起着重要的作用出发,重点综述了NO催化氧化催化剂,包括贵金属催化剂、负载型催化剂、复合金属氧化物催化剂等,以及H2O、SO2对催化剂活性的影响,并提出NO催化氧化研究存在的问题,并指出了发展方向。     

SO_2促进的碳纳米管负载V_2O_5催化剂用于NH_3选择性还原NO

采用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、SCR反应和程序升温脱附(TPD)等手段研究了碳纳米管(CNTs)担载的五氧化二钒(V2O5/CNTs)催化剂的形貌、表面形态以及SO2对选择催化NO还原活性的影响.结果表明,SO2对V2O5/CNTs催化剂的催化活性具有明显的促进作用,其促进作用源于SO2在催化剂表面的吸附.吸附的SO2主要位于碳表面而非钒表面,而且这种促进作用与V2O5和碳表面之间协同作用有关.     

凹凸棒土负载CeO2催化氧化处理亚甲基蓝染料废水

采用均相沉淀法,以Ce(NO3)3·6H2O为原料,HMT为沉淀剂,制备了ATP/CeO2纳米复合材料.并以H2O2为氧化剂,利用该复合材料对亚甲基蓝(MB)染料模拟废水进行了催化氧化处理,分别考察了催化剂的投加量及CeO2的负载量对MB降解的影响规律.研究结果表明,负载CeO2凹凸棒土纳米复合催化剂的催化活性明显高于相同条件下制备的纯的CeO2,CeO2负载量及ATP/CeO2的投加量分别为40%和0.2g时,最大降解率可达96%,对亚甲基蓝表现出较强的催化活性.     

V2O5/CNFs/蜂窝状堇青石催化剂的结构控制及其烟气脱硝性能

采用化学气相沉积法,在涂层Al2O3的蜂窝状堇青石表面生长纳米碳纤维(CNFs),通过负载V2O5催化剂,制成低温蜂窝状脱硝催化剂.采用SEM、TEM、XRD和XPS等分析方法,对所制催化剂的物化性质及其脱硝性能进行了分析.研究结果表明,当CNFs在堇青石表面的生长厚度为0.74μm时,所制CNFs/堇青石载体的压缩强度达34.46 MPa;在150~250℃范围内,V2O5/CNFs/蜂窝状堇青石催化剂表现出较高的低温脱除NO活性,其中当CNFs的生长量为12.5%、V2O5担载量为1%时,在250℃下NO的转化率达95%左右.     

Fe对Mn/CeO2-TiO2催化剂低温NH3选择性催化还原NO的影响

以锰氧化物为活性组分,CeO2-TiO2为载体制备了Mn/CeO2-TiO2催化剂.考察了Fe的加入对Mn/CeO2-TiO2的低温NH3-SCR活性的影响.并采用BET比表面积,H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对催化剂进行了表征.活性结果表明,Fe的引入显著改善了Mn/CeO2-TiO2的NH3-SCR活性,催化剂在113～250℃之间表现出良好的NO去除效率.表征结果表明,Fe的引入促进了锰物种在CeO2-TiO2表面的分散,降低了Mn-Fe/CeO2-TiO2中锰物种的还原温度.XPS分析指出Mn-Fe/CeO2-TiO2表面Mn以+4价存在,而Fe主要以+3价的Fe2O3存在,且Fe与载体表面间存在强相互作用.     

Fe、Ce双助剂增强型Nb/TiO2催化剂的制备及其NH3-SCR性能研究

采用柠檬酸络和法制备了Fe、Ce改性的系列Nb-Fe-Ce/TiO_2催化剂,考察了Fe、Ce助剂的引入对Nb/TiO_2催化剂的低温活性和反应温度窗口的影响。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附–脱附(BET)、热重(TG)、程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,Fe、Ce改性的Nb/TiO_2催化剂在NH_3-SCR反应中表现出较优的低温脱硝活性和较宽的操作温度窗口。优化配方后得到的10%Nb-0.7%Fe-3%Ce-TiO_2催化剂,在300℃时,其对NO转化率达100%,操作温度窗口为T_(80)为225～500℃,这可能归因于Fe、Ce助剂引入后催化剂具有较强的Nb-Fe-Ce-Ti相互作用力和较好的氧化还原性能。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度

本文根据多年的实践检定经验 ,参照JJF1 0 59- 1 999《测量不确定度评定与表示》以及《测量不确定度表达 1 0讲》 ,对卧式金属罐容量的测量结果不确定度进行了评定。     

盐酸浓度不确定度的评估

通过对盐酸浓度标定的过程分析，找出影响结果的各个分量，进行不确定度的评定，按照计量技术规范给出标准的表示法。     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.     

Numerical study of methods of linearization of the output characteristics of radio-frequency sensors of the level of dielectric media

Different constructions of the sensing elements of radio-frequency level sensors based on sections of long lines are numerically investigated by means of the Matlab program for the purpose of minimizing the measurement error caused by the nonlinearity of the output characteristic. It is shown that the nonlinearity is lowest for U-shaped designs. The nonlinearity factor KN may be regulated by varying the capacitance of a correcting capacitor connected to the input of the sensing element and (or) the length of one of the sections of the long line. In selecting an optimal capacitance of the correcting capacitor KN ≤ 0.15% for control media with dielectric permittivity in the range 2.2–30.