共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
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《中国新技术新产品》2021,(17)
基于反渗透技术在实践应用中呈现的显著优势,反渗透海水淡化技术成为海水资源淡化中的重要技术。海水淡化中反渗透工艺也随着技术的发展不断地进行优化,因此对反渗透海水淡化工艺进行分析有现实意义。该文从工艺实践应用角度出发,对海水淡化技术进行了介绍,重点对反渗透工艺及预处理工艺进行了详细分析和讨论,针对水力平衡图、取水方式、反渗透膜组件以及高压泵在实践中的应用,总结了需要注意的问题,以期为我国海水淡化处理技术提供参考。 相似文献
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反渗透海水淡化技术应用 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
简要回顾了反渗透技术的发展过程及应用状况.针对国内典型反渗透海水淡化工程实例,分析了一期、二期不同工艺、设备的技术特点,并针对相关海域的海水水质介绍了海水预处理技术以及存在的问题. 相似文献
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由于水资源紧缺问题日益突出,海水淡化技术的研究与开发将越来越显得紧迫。海水淡化研究的根本是如何降低成本,而其中关键问题是材料的选择。本文旨在对功能无机材料应用于海水淡化技术这一新的研究方向作一详细的分析与展望。其中着重分析无机分离膜在反渗透海水淡化技术中的应用,包括无机分离膜的特点和制备方法,无机反渗透膜替代有机反渗透膜和无机超滤膜应用于海水预处理等;并讨论了无机材料中硅酸盐矿物(粘土和沸石矿物等 相似文献
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直接微滤用于舰船反渗透海水淡化预处理的可行性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用国产聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜,研究了直接微滤工艺用于舰船反渗透海水淡化预处理的可行性.实验结果表明,直接微滤预处理系统采用直接过滤20min→气水双洗30s→滤过水反洗30s→排污5s的运行条件处理高浊度海水时,滤过水淤泥密度指数(SDI)≤2.9,浊度<0.9NTU;滤膜抗污染性能较强,当系统跨膜压差≥37kPa时,采用次氯酸钠和盐酸化学清洗,跨膜压差可恢复到低压水平.直接微滤预处理系统结构紧凑,操作方便,出水水质稳定,符合我国舰船装备研制相关标准的要求,可用于舰船反渗透海水淡化预处理. 相似文献
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反渗透膜分离技术的创新性进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水是地球上不可替代的宝贵的自然资源,是人类赖以生存和生产的不可缺少的基本物质.当前缺水已成为世界性问题,成为制约社会进步和经济发展的瓶颈,解决水资源的供需矛盾,对我国的可持续发展是非常迫切的和重要的.用海水淡化技术向大海要淡水,是自古以来人们所梦寐以求的,现在已变为现实,其中反渗透法海水淡化发展最为迅速,不仅技术上完全可行,而且在许多情况下是最经济的选择.简述了自上世纪50年代以来反渗透法海水淡化(SWRO)的提出和发展概况;重点介绍了反渗透不对称膜和复合膜的发展,特别是复合膜品种的不断增多与性能的不断改进和提高;中空纤维和卷式反渗透膜组器技术的创新,特别是卷式反渗透膜组器的设计和制备技术的改进及组器的性能提高和大型化;效率不断提高的高压泵和能量回收装置,特别是能量回收装置结构形式的不断改进和能量回收效率的不断提高;实用于不同要求的各种SWRO工艺,如二级海水淡化工艺、一级海水淡化工艺、高压一级海水淡化工艺、高效两段海水淡化工艺、SWRO与纳滤(NF)、与多级闪蒸(MSF)或多效(MED)集成的海水淡化工艺以及微滤(MF)或超滤(UF)作为预处理等,另外,简述了大型反渗透法海水淡化厂对环境的影响,如与能耗相关的CO2的排放、浓海水排海、占地、噪音和景观等;最后对反渗透技术的延伸进行了简介. 相似文献
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AbstractIn the present paper, a novel pretreatment process for SiC particulate and a new mechanical–electromagnetic combination stirring process for fabricating Zn–Al(ZA27)/SiCp composites are described. The optimal pretreatment route and the most appropriate SiC particle parameters were experimentally determined. The pretreated SiC particles were easily incorporated and dispersed in the ZA27 alloy melt and were not agglomerated before addition to the melt. The surface status of the SiC particles before and after pretreatment was observed and analysed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that gas existing on the SiC particle surfaces by physical and chemical absorption was a significant hindrance to the incorporation and dispersion of SiC particles in the alloy melt. The gas absorption was induced by ultrafine SiC powders, fracture steps, and ions existing on the SiC particle surfaces. The carbon, silicon, and oxygen contents on the SiC surface were varied with different pretreatment techniques. Moreover, a dense layer of amorphous SiO2, which improves wetting of SiC particles in the ZA27 melt, was formed owing to calcination of SiC particles in air. The new combined stirring process exploits the advantages of both mechanical and electromagnetic stirring of the melt at the different processing stages during fabrication. The microstructural characteristics of the resulting composites are: homogeneously distributed SiC particles, fewer macro gas blows and inclusions, and little shrinkage porosity in comparison to composites fabricated by a mechanical stirring process. Finally, the mechanisms of degassing and reducing the porosity and the number of oxide inclusions are discussed. 相似文献
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针对当前高硅铝合金电镀前处理中存在高化学需氧量(COD)、磷酸根、硝酸、氢氟酸、氰化物和重金属等污染的问题,开发了一套高硅铝合金电镀环保前处理工艺,该套工艺COD低,无磷酸根、硝酸及氢氟酸,不含氰化物和重金属,使用过程中无NOx气体和HF气体释放。采用相关标准测试了除油剂的洗净力和腐蚀性能;采用贴试纸法和锉刀试验考察了沉锌层的孔隙率和后续镀层的结合力。结果显示:该工艺获得的沉锌层孔隙率低至0.1个/cm2,结晶细致,后续的镀层结合力良好;该工艺完全能替代传统的高硅铝合金电镀前处理工艺,且符合当前推行的清洁生产和环保法规要求。 相似文献
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聚乳酸纤维制备的研究进展 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
聚乳酸纤维是可生物降解的新型绿色纤维,它可由常见的纤维成型加工工艺--溶液纺丝和熔融纺丝制得.从原料预处理、工艺过程和影响熔纺纤维结构和性能的因素三方面详细地综述了适合工业化生产的熔融纺丝工艺,并简单介绍了在医药领域应用前景广阔的静电纺丝制备聚乳酸超细纤维的研究现状. 相似文献
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André Rodrigues Gurgel da Silva Massimiliano Errico Ben-Guang Rong 《Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy》2018,20(7):1401-1412
Lignocellulosic ethanol is a promising alternative to replace liquid fossil fuels for the transportation sector in the near future. Organosolv pretreatment has been tested as a method for separating lignin from the biomass and commercializing it as a biopolymer. Based on published laboratory scale data, we propose a feasible process flowsheet for organosolv pretreatment. Simulation of the pretreatment process provided mass and energy balances for a techno-economic analysis, and the values were compared with the most prevalent and mature pretreatment method: diluted acid. Organosolv pretreatment required more energy, 578.1 versus 213.8 MW for diluted acid pretreatment, but resulted in a higher ethanol concentration after the biomass fermentation, 11.1% compared to 5.4%. Total annual costs (TACs) calculations showed advantages for diluted acid pretreatment, but future improvements explored in the sensitivity analysis turned into possible savings of 42.8% in the minimum ethanol selling price for organosolv pretreatment. 相似文献