硅藻土原位生长纳米氧化锰及吸附性能

采用低温水热法在硅藻土上原位生长花片状纳米氧化锰制成吸附剂,采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、高分辨透射电镜、N2吸脱附等对样品进行分析、表征。结果表明,反应时间为8 h时,所得样品比表面积为141 m2/g,累积体积分数为50%时对应的颗粒粒径d50为35.14μm,对质量浓度为10 mg/L的Cr(Ⅵ)、As(Ⅴ)污水的去除率分别为100%、99.98%,最大吸附量分别为157.6、93.2 mg/g。     

C@K2Ti6O13分级纳米材料对Cr(VI)的吸附去除

Cr(VI)具有非常大的生物毒性, 去除溶液中的Cr(VI)是当前的一个研究热点。本研究制备了C@K₂Ti₆O₁₃分级纳米材料, 并用不同表征手段对材料的物相和结构等进行表征, 进一步探究了初始pH、吸附时间、离子强度等对C@K₂Ti₆O₁₃复合纳米结构吸附Cr(VI)的影响。实验结果表明C@K₂Ti₆O₁₃复合纳米结构对Cr(VI)有较强的吸附能力, 1 h内去除率能够达到50%以上, 其吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型, 吸附热力学符合Langmuir等温吸附模型, 表明这种分级纳米材料在环境治理方面应用潜力巨大。     

硅藻土原位生长Nb_2O_5纳米棒及表面Cr(Ⅵ)吸附转化行为研究

以活化铌酸为铌源,草酸铵为沉积剂,十二烷基苯磺酸钠为模板剂,采用水热法在硅藻土表面原位生长Nb_2O_5纳米棒。采用SEM、TEM、XRD、BET、FT-IR和XPS等分析方法对样品进行表征,反应14 h后,Nb_2O_5纳米棒长度为500~700 nm,直径为25~35 nm;硅藻土原位生长Nb_2O_5纳米棒样品比表面积为157 m~2/g。研究了样品对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附与光还原行为,可见光条件下对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附量可达220 mg/g;紫外光条件下,可将表面吸附的Cr(Ⅵ)转变为Cr(Ⅲ),样品经过5次循环使用后,对Cr(Ⅵ)(100 mg/L)降解率仍能保持在93%左右。样品可对重金属污染废水中Cr(Ⅵ)进行吸附与毒性降解一体化去除。     

“蓝皮”胶原吸附剂对于Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附特征研究

将皮革废料蓝皮皮屑加工改性成为胶原吸附剂,研究了其对水体中的Cr(VI)的吸附特性。结果表明:蓝皮胶原吸附剂吸附量为40～170mg/g;最适pH为3,使用温度为283～333K;Ni(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)和Zn(Ⅱ)几乎不干扰吸附剂对于Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附。研究表明:蓝皮胶原吸附剂可以达到以废治废的目的。     

改性凹凸棒土吸附剂去除水中的Cr(VI)

以凹凸棒土为载体,合成了乙二胺(EDA)改性凹凸棒土(ATP)吸附剂EDA/ATP复合材料。采用FTIR、TGA对吸附剂进行表征,同时将其应用于对水中Cr(VI)的吸附,研究了溶液初始浓度、吸附时间、溶液pH、Cl?与PO₄3?阴离子浓度对吸附的影响。FTIR和TGA结果表明乙二胺已成功接枝到凹凸棒土表面。吸附实验表明,25℃时EDA/ATP复合材料对Cr(VI)的最大吸附容量为153.78 mg·g?1,吸附在800~900 min内达到平衡,吸附符合Freundlich吸附等温模型和拟二级动力学模型;在初始溶液pH为2~10条件下,随着pH的增加,吸附量先增加再降低,pH为3时,吸附量最大;Cl?对吸附影响较小,PO₄3?对吸附的影响较大,当PO₄3?浓度达到20 mmol·L?1时,Cr(VI)最大吸附量下降了83 mg·g?1;实验表明EDA/ATP可作为一种潜在处理水中Cr(VI)的吸附剂。      

提取腐植酸后的天祝褐煤残渣对污水中Cr(VI)的吸附性能

天祝褐煤资源丰富,其提取腐植酸后的残渣对污水中的有害物质有一定的吸附能力。为此,制备了天祝褐煤提取腐植酸后的残渣,研究了其对污水中重金属离子Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能。结果表明:在室温(20～25℃),pH值为5的条件下,褐煤残渣对Cr(VI)有较好的吸附性能,吸附平衡时间约为4h;吸附规律符合Freundlich吸附等温式,其相关系数R2为0.9686,特性常数n为2.0446,其吸附过程可用Ho准二级反应动力学模型描述。     

吸附温度对MgAl金属氧化物微观结构和吸附Cr(VI)性能的影响

研究了MgAl水滑石(LDH)焙烧产物(LDO)对Cr(VI)的吸附性能。考察了吸附温度对LDO吸附性能的影响, 研究了吸附过程的热力学和动力学行为。结合XRD和FT-IR表征, 阐明其吸附机理。结果表明, CrO₄^2–已成功插入水滑石层间, 适当提高吸附温度有利于LDO恢复LDH晶相。在20~60℃范围内, 随吸附温度升高, LDO对Cr(VI)吸附量增大, 50~60℃时, Cr(VI)吸附量为91 mg/g。Cr(VI)的吸附平衡数据符合Langmuir模型方程, ΔG_o为负值说明吸附过程为自发过程, ΔS_o和ΔH_o为正值表明吸附为熵增的吸热过程。吸附动力学符合伪二级动力学模型, LDO 的吸附活化能为20.04 kJ/mol, 表现为扩散控制的活性化学吸附过程。     

CuS纳米片修饰Bi5O7I复合材料用于光催化还原Cr(VI)水溶液

光催化技术以其高效、安全、低成本的优势,被广泛研究用于去除污水中有毒副作用的重金属Cr(VI).制备半导体复合材料是一种可以有效提高半导体光催化性能的途径.本研究通过简单的水热法合成了CuS纳米片修饰的Bi5O7I复合材料,并且表征和评估了其在可见光下对Cr(VI)的光催化还原活性.与纯Bi5O7I微米棒及纯CuS样品...     

花生壳生物炭-黏土吸附水中的Cr(VI)

重金属铬的污染会严重威胁到土壤和水体的环境安全, 而水中的六价铬化合物则具有很强的迁移性、富集性和氧化性等特性, 更具有危害性且难以处理。吸附法是一种能简单、高效地处理含重金属污水的处理技术。在磁力搅拌条件下采用花生壳生物炭分别与高岭土和膨润土混合制备而成两种生物炭-黏土材料, 并分别对这两种生物炭-黏土的表面特性进行表征。结果发现所选用的两种黏土均能不规则地负载在生物炭的表面。吸附实验结果显示, 生物炭-高岭土(Biochar@Kaolin)吸附铬(VI)的能力显著高于生物炭-膨润土(Biochar@Bentonite)。从吸附动力学方程的分析可以看出, 合成的两种生物炭负载黏土吸附水中的铬(VI)均符合伪二级动力学方程。从吸附等温线分析中可以得到, Biochar@Bentonite吸附铬(VI)的过程符合Langmuir模型, 而Biochar@Kaolin吸附铬(VI)的过程符合Freundlich模型。研究结果显示, 采用生物炭-黏土的复合材料修复环境中的重金属污染具有广阔的应用前景。     

Nb2O5半导体纳米材料形貌调控与气体敏感性能研究

以NH_4HF_2、氧化铌和氨水为原料,采用水热制备法,通过精确调控Nb前驱体溶液的pH,实现了Nb_2O_5纳米材料的形貌调控,制备得到了六方相Nb_2O_5纳米球及纳米棒材料。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、比表面积和孔径分布分析仪对Nb_2O_5纳米材料的物相、形貌及比表面积进行了表征分析;采用静态配气法对其进行气敏性能测试,讨论了形貌对Nb_2O_5纳米材料气敏性能的影响。结果表明:Nb_2O_5纳米球与纳米棒均对丙酮表现出良好的选择性。与Nb_2O_5纳米球相比,Nb_2O_5纳米棒表现出更高的气敏响应及更短的响应时间和恢复时间:对50×10~(-6)(体积分数,下同)丙酮气体,Nb_2O_5纳米棒的气敏响应可达3.15,响应时间为7s,恢复时间为10s;Nb_2O_5纳米棒对丙酮表现出更好的气敏性能应归因于其具有更大的比表面积。     

Nb2CTx MXene Derived Polymorphic Nb2O5

Previously, heat treatment was the only feasible route for tuning the crystal phases of niobium pentoxide (Nb₂O₅). With the use of Nb₂CT_x MXene precursors, the first case of phase tuning of Nb₂O₅ in the low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis using sulfuric acid regulating agents is presented. By varying the amount of the agent, four pure-phase Nb₂O₅ crystals and mixed phases in-between are obtained. The required amount is found to be related to the H-covered surface energy calculated based on density functional theory. Overall, MXene-derived B-phase Nb₂O₅ is of particular interest due to its exceptionally high capacities as lithium-ion battery anodes, which are three times higher than the routine synthesized one. Oxygen vacancies induced by crystallographic shear would be responsible for the extraordinary performance. The proposed phase tuning strategy encourages the prudent synthesis of difficult-to-obtain crystal phases.     

Nb2O5对ZTM-Al2O3性能及ZrO2增韧机制的影响

探讨了Ｎｂ_２Ｏ_５对ＺＴＭ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３的性能和ＺｒＯ_２在瓷体中增韧机制的影响．发现Ｎｂ_２Ｏ_５的引入可明显提高瓷体中ｍ－ＺｒＯ_２含量而降低ｔ－ＺｒＯ_２含量,材料的机械性能也随Ｎｂ_２Ｏ_５添加量的增大出现了显著的改善,并且有韧性的平方正比于ｍ－ＺｒＯ_２含量的关系．ｍ－ＺｒＯ_２含量的增加强化了微裂纹增韧是材料性能改善的原因．     

Synthesis of carnation flower-like Bi2O2CO3 photocatalyst and its promising application for photoreduction of Cr(VI)

In this study, we have synthesized high-quality carnation flower-like Bi₂O₂CO₃ hierarchical architectures via a hydrothermal route. The as-synthesized Bi₂O₂CO₃ photocatalyst was systematically characterized and analyzed by various techniques. Its photocatalytic activity was investigated by simulated-sunlight driving photoreduction of Cr(VI), revealing that it exhibits excellent photocatalytic removal of Cr(VI). The effects of various factors (H₂SO₄, NaOH, Cr(VI) concentration, catalyst dosage) on the photoreduction efficiency and involved mechanism were systematically investigated and discussed. In addition, we have also systematically examined the effects of various parameters (H₂SO₄ concentration, 1,5-diphenylcarbazide (DPC) concentration, Cr(VI) concentration, reaction time t and reaction temperature T) on the absorbance of the Cr(VI) solution, with the aim of correctly determining the Cr(VI) concentration according to UV–vis absorption measurements using DPC as the chromogenic agent.     

Effective removal and fixation of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution with Friedel's salt

Friedel's salt (3CaO·Al₂O₃·CaCl₂·10H₂O or Ca₄Al₂(OH)₁₂Cl₂(H₂O)₄) is a calcium aluminate hydrate formed by hydrating cement or concrete in seawater at a low cost. In the current study, we carefully examined the adsorption behaviors of Friedel's salt for Cr(VI) from aqueous solution at different concentrations and various initial pHs. The adsorption kinetic data are well fitted with the pseudo-first-order Lageren equation at the initial Cr(VI) concentration from 0.10 to 8.00 mM. Both the experimental and modeled data indicate that Friedel's salt can adsorb a large amount of Cr(VI) (up to 1.4 mmol Cr(VI)/g) very quickly (t_1/2 = 2–3 min) with a very high efficiency (>99% Cr(VI) removal at [Cr] < 4.00 mM with 4.00 g/L of adsorbent) in the pH range of 4–10. In particular, the competitive adsorption tests show that the Cr(VI) removal efficiency is only slightly affected by the co-existence of Cl⁻ and HCO₃⁻. The Cr(VI)-fixation stability tests show that only less than 0.2% adsorbed Cr(VI) is leaching out in water at pH 4–10 for 24 h because the adsorption/exchange of Cr(VI) with Friedel's salt leads to the formation of a new stable phase (3CaO·Al₂O₃·CaCrO₄·10H₂O). This research thus suggests that Friedel's salt is a potential cost-effective adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal in wastewater treatment.     

Facile synthesis of Ti3C2 MXene-modified Bi2.15WO6 nanosheets with enhanced reactivity for photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI)

Through a facile hydrothermal method, we have successfully prepared Ti₃C₂/Bi_2.15WO₆ (TC/BWO) composite, and systematically investigated their reactivity for the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) under visible light. X-ray diffraction and Raman analysis confirm the formation of heterostructure between Bi_2.15WO₆ and Ti₃C₂. The resultant 7TC/BWO composite exhibits enhanced photoactivity toward Cr(VI) reduction. After 120 min irradiation, the conversion of Cr(VI) reaches 92.5% with the quasi-first-order kinetic constant of k = 0.0145 min^?1, which is higher than that of pure BWO (30% and k = 0.0005 min^?1). The electrochemical and photoluminescent characterization confirm that the introduction of Ti₃C₂ is conducive to the separation of carriers, thus significantly improves the photocatalytic performance of TC/BWO. Furthermore, the radical capture experiments verify that the electrons are important for enhancing reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). As a result, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of the reduction of Cr(VI) by TC/BWO composite under visible light.