[BMIm]BF4离子液体修饰的铜纳米粒子的制备

在[BMIm]BF4离子液体的修饰下,用抗坏血酸还原CuCl2 溶液制备出了铜纳米粒子。Cu2+浓度对铜纳米粒子的尺寸有着非常明显的影响。当Cu2+浓度小于2×10-2mol/L时,所制备的铜纳米粒子的直径小于10nm。还原反应的pH值和温度对铜纳米离子的尺寸没有明显影响。     

离子液体[bmim]PF6中制备纳米金属Ni及其催化苯乙烯加氢的研究

以化学还原手段分别在水溶液和离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([bmim]PF6)中制备了纳米金属Ni粉末,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外可见光谱(UV-vis)及热重(TG-DTA)对所制备样品的形貌和结构进行了表征.XRD表征结果显示:与水溶液制备纳米Ni相比,在[bmim]PF6中制备的纳米Ni具有立方相结构,无氧化峰出现;TEM结果显示:在[bmim]PF6中制备的纳米Ni具有更小的粒径和更好的颗粒分布,团聚现象不明显;FT-IR显示:离子液体不仅仅作为反应的介质,而且和纳米颗粒表面间存在着一定的化学结合,吸附在纳米颗粒的表面,有效的阻止了Ni纳米颗粒的团聚和氧化;TG-DTA及UV-vis结果进一步验证了Ni表明离子液体层的存在.苯乙烯加氢产物的分析结果表明,在[bmim]PF6中制备的纳米Ni催化苯乙烯加氢的活性显著高于常规制备的Ni催化剂.     

坡缕石/铜复合纳米粉体对HT200摩擦副的摩擦学性能

用共混法制备1∶1的坡缕石/铜复合纳米粉体,经表面修饰后按质量比2%添加到150N基础油中,制备出含复合纳米材料添加剂的润滑油体系。用MMU-10G摩擦磨损试验机测试该润滑油添加剂对HT200对磨试样的摩擦学性能,并用高精度电子天平测定试件的失重量以评定其耐磨性能。用扫描电镜SEM、EDX等分析了摩擦磨损试验后表面成分与形貌的变化,并分析了摩擦学性能变化的机理。结果表明:制备的坡缕石/铜复合纳米粉体在基础油中分散性良好,颗粒大小不超过200nm,能明显提高摩擦副的减摩抗磨性能,平均摩擦因数下降19.1%,总磨损量下降44%,试件表面生成了含坡缕石特征元素和铜元素的自修复膜层,这是纳米坡缕石和纳米铜粒子共同作用的结果。     

离子液体[BMIm]Cl对碱木质素在室温水中溶解特性的研究

通过紫外光谱考察了造纸黑液中碱木质素在离子液体氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([BMIm]Cl)作用时在水中的平衡溶解度及其对碱木质素的助溶作用。实验结果表明,水中碱木质素的平衡溶解度在不同浓度[BMIm]Cl作用时分为两个阶段,当[BMIm]Cl浓度>0.0005g·L-1时,碱木质素平衡溶解度与[BMIm]Cl浓度呈指数上升趋势,反之则呈指数下降趋势。对[BMIm]Cl助溶作用的考察发现,当[BMIm]Cl浓度大于0.023mmol·L-1时,其电解质特性才得以显现,可对碱木质素起到助溶作用,且[BMIm]Cl浓度并非越高越好。     

聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮稳定的离子液体基金纳米流体的制备及稳定性研究

在离子液体/水双液相体系中,以聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)为萃取剂,将[AuCl4]-从水相萃取到离子液体相中。在超声辅助条件下用四氢硼钠将离子液体相中的金离子还原,制备了金/1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸(Au/[BMIm]PF6)纳米流体。制得的金纳米流体用纳米粒度仪和透射电子显微镜进行表征,结果表明,金纳米粒子的平均粒度在11.7nm左右,在离子液体中分布均匀;红外光谱分析结果表明,PVP与金纳米粒子之间存在化学键合作用,对纳米金具有表面修饰的作用,PVP不仅增强了金纳米粒子在离子液体中的溶解性,而且提高了纳米金的抗氧化能力并有效阻止了金纳米粒子间的团聚,使得金纳米粒子在离子液体中有良好的分散性和稳定性。     

纳米润滑添加剂的摩擦学特性研究

纳米金属铜粒子粒度难以控制,其在润滑油中的分散性和稳定性也存在不少问题,为此,采用机械化学法在QM1SP04高能行星球磨机上制备出了铜颗粒粒径在15～60 nm之间的纳米铜浆,并与润滑基础油N68混合搅拌、沉淀后,获得了油溶性良好的纳米润滑油添加剂NT-1.用XP销-盘摩擦磨损试验机和四球摩擦试验机考察了NT-1添加剂的摩擦学性能,结果表明:添加NT-1纳米添加剂的N68润滑油比未添加时总磨损量减小了135%,出现了负磨损现象;将NT-1添加到长城15W/40SE汽油机油中,其PB值增加了26.0%,摩擦系数降低了11.1%,表现出良好的减摩性能和自修复功能.同时,将NT-1添加剂与3种有机钼盐配对试验,发现加入2%的硫化硫磷酸钼使基础油的承载能力提高了98.3%,其原因可能是有机钼与纳米铜之间存在协同作用.     

疏水性离子液体基银纳米流体的制备及稳定性研究

在离子液体/水双液相体系中,以双硫腙为萃取剂,将银离子从水相萃取到离子液体相中,在超声辅助条件下将离子液体相中的银离子还原,制备了银/1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸(Ag/[BMIm]PF6)纳米流体。制得的纳米流体用纳米粒度仪、透射电子显微镜和紫外-可见分光光度计进行了表征,结果表明,银纳米粒子的平均粒度在11nm左右,在离子液体中分布均匀。双硫腙不仅有效地阻止了纳米粒子间的团聚及氧化,而且增强了纳米粒子在离子液体中的可溶性,使得纳米银粒子在离子液体中有良好的分散性和稳定性。     

微波辐射下离子液体［RMIm］PF6（R=P, B, C6）的合成及其电导率研究

在微波辐射下,1-甲基咪唑分别与有机卤盐（1-溴丙烷、1-溴丁烷、1-溴己烷）在80℃回流加热10min,可制得咪唑类离子液体的中间体溴代1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑（[BMIm]Br）、溴代1-丙基-3-甲基咪唑（[PMIm]Br）、溴代1-己基-3-甲基咪唑（[C6MIm]Br）,进一步与HPF6在室温搅拌反应4h,制得憎水性的咪唑类离子液体[BMIm]PF6,[PMIm]PF6和[C6MIm]PF6。对这3种离子液体及其在不同有机溶剂如丙酮、甲醇、乙酸乙酯中的电导率进行测定,发现离子液体的电导率受咪唑上取代基种类、溶剂种类、浓度和温度的影响,取代基的链越长,体积越大,离子液体的电导率越小。并且随温度升高和浓度的增大,离子液体的电导率也增大。     

载荷对自修复纳米润滑添加剂摩擦学性能的影响

采用WAZAU摩擦磨损试验机分析了N68基础油和添加了自修复纳米润滑添加剂的润滑油N68NT1在不同载荷下的摩擦系数,并在线检测了钢/钢摩擦副在摩擦过程中润滑介质的温度变化情况.试验结果表明:同基础油N68相比,添加了自修复纳米润滑添加剂的润滑油表现出了良好的摩擦学性能,载荷对其的影响也不同于载荷对N68基础油的影响,同时N68NT1表现出了良好的散热性能.     

纳米坡缕石/铜复合材料对钢球摩擦副的摩擦学性能

采用化学还原法和球磨共混添加法制备了纳米坡缕石/铜（P/Cu）复合材料,采用粒度分析仪和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对复合纳米粒子的粒度和形貌进行表征。利用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察了不同纳米P/Cu添加量和不同P与Cu配比的复合粉体作为润滑油添加剂对高副钢球摩擦副的摩擦学性能,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线能谱仪（EDS）对摩擦表面进行形貌、元素性能分析。结果表明,所制备的纳米P/Cu粒径基本小于100 nm,分散稳定性良好,在纳米P/Cu为1wt%且P：Cu＝3：1（质量比）添加量下表现出最优的摩擦学性能,其钢球磨斑直径比基础油的减小了20.7%。纳米P/Cu可在摩擦表面生成含Mg、Al、Si和Cu等元素的自修复膜,补偿摩擦磨损且使摩擦表面变光滑。     

纳米铜润滑油添加剂的摩擦学特性及其自修复机理

为了评价纳米铜添加剂对摩擦副的减摩和自修复性能,采用液相化学还原法合成了二烷基二硫代磷酸(HDDP)修饰纳米铜微粒,利用四球摩擦磨损试验机分析了不同载荷条件下纳米铜添加量对摩擦系数、磨斑直径等摩擦学性能影响,采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)分析了磨痕形貌及其化学成分组成,并通过纳米压痕测试技术测量铜膜硬度及弹性模量。结果表明:纳米铜添加量为0.4%(质量分数)时减摩效果最佳,磨斑直径和摩擦系数明显下降,比未添加纳米铜的降低了23.0%~27.2%和15.1%~24.9%。摩擦过程中纳米铜微粒在摩擦表面形成化学沉积膜,铜膜的纳米硬度为1.63 GPa,弹性模量为78.08 GPa,表现出优良的抗磨减摩性能。     

Compression and wear behavior of composites filled with various nanoparticles

Extrusion compression and dry sliding were carried out on the various nanoparticle filled composites by using cylindrical specimens. To study the effect of exfoliated nanoparticles on the epoxy matrix to friction and wear, Na-montmorillonite and titanium dioxide nanoparticles were prepared with the filler content varied from 0 to 10 vol.%. Compression tests were conducted by using cylindrical blocks to obtain the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. To determine the tribological property, the sliding wear tests with high pressure were performed at room temperatures by using a block-on-disc apparatus. The morphologies of the wear trace and the interlayer mechanism of the as-spun material were obtained by using X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Experimental results showed that the compression strength, fracture strength and Young’s modulus for both reinforced nanocomposites are much higher than that of pure epoxy matrix. The friction coefficient and wear coefficient of Cloisite^® 30B nanocomposites were effectively reduced with rising filler content which should be attributed to the improved dispersion of the nanoparticles. Finally, the SEM observation on the wear tracks surface for the pure epoxy matrix and its composites filled with various kinds of nanoparticle will be discussed.     

Tribological properties of polymer nanohybrids containing gold nanoparticles obtained by laser ablation

We have studied polystyrene (PS)+Au particles nanohybrids. Approximately spherical gold nanoparticles with the average diameter of 15 nm were obtained by laser ablation in a liquid environment. Thus any chemical residue on the particles was eliminated. Focused ion beam (FIB) milling plus scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation show that Au particles are fairly well dispersed inside the polymer matrix, better than when PS is simply dissolved in a nanoparticle solution. The Au particles concentration as low as 0.15 wt% results in dramatic changes in tribological properties, namely dynamic friction and pin-on-disk wear. Both wear and dynamic friction results are explained in terms of high brittleness of PS, abrasion of Au particles against a ceramic indenter, and also effects of density of filler particles in the matrix on tribological properties. Effects of varying normal load on friction are small.     

纳米金属/层状硅酸盐复合润滑添加剂的摩擦学性能

采用机械化学法制备了纳米铜/蛇纹石复合润滑材料,利用微动摩擦磨损试验机考察了其作为润滑油添加剂的摩擦学性能,借助纳米压痕仪（nano-in-denter）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能量色散谱仪（EDS）及光电子能谱仪（XPS）对磨损表面进行了表征,探讨了减摩抗磨机理。结果表明复合润滑材料具有优异的摩擦学性能,其摩擦因数及磨损率分别较基础油降低约16.4%和69.2%。复合润滑剂颗粒参与了摩擦界面复杂的理化作用,形成了致密光滑的保护膜,主要由Fe、Si等元素组成,具有较高的微观力学性能,提高了摩擦表面的磨损抗力,显著地降低了摩擦磨损。     

Simple method for preparation of cubic Ag nanoparticles and their self-assembled films

Thiol-derivatised cubic Ag nanoparticles were prepared by adding an AgNO₃ solution containing a trace amount of alkanethiol into a solution of NaBH₄ and sodium oleate. Their preparation and character were compared with randomly shaped Ag nanoparticles. The thiol was used purposely as orientation agent instead of protective agent. Transfer of cubic Ag nanoparticles from aqueous phase into organic phase or to the interface of aqueous/organic phase has resulted in self-assembled films on the surface of microscope slides and of many other substrates. Transmission electron microscope and UV–vis spectra were used to characterize the cubic Ag nanoparticles. The nanoparticle films were also observed using conventional optical and scanning electron microscope. The mechanisms of the nanoparticles phase-transfer and the formation of the self-assembled nanoparticle films are discussed.     

Tribological behaviour of mechanically synthesized titanium-boron carbide nanostructured coating

In this paper, titanium-boron carbide (Ti/B4C) nanocomposite coatings with different B4C nanoparticles contents were fabricated by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) method by using B4C nanoparticles with average nanoparticle size of 40 nm. The characteristics of the nanopowder and coatings were evaluated by microhardness test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Friction and wear performances of nanocomposite coatings and pure titanium substrate were comparatively investigated, with the effect of the boron carbide content on the friction and wear behaviours to be emphasized. The results show the microhardness, friction and wear behaviours of nanocomposite coatings are closely related with boron carbide nanoparticle content. Nanocomposite coating with low B4C content shows somewhat (slight) increased microhardness and wear resistance than pure titanium substrate, while nanocomposite coating with high B4C content has much better (sharp increase) wear resistance than pure titanium substrate. The effect of B4C nanoparticles on microhardness and wear resistance was discussed.     

Al2O3/SiO2／MgO复合纳米添加剂的抗磨减摩性能

采用超声机械法制备纳米Al2O3、SiO2、MgO等颗粒，并对其进行化学修饰，使其稳定地分散在基础油中，获得自修复纳米润滑添加剂。通过四球试验与止推圈试验考察摩擦学性能。试验结果表明：自修复纳米润滑添加剂具有良好的分散稳定性、抗磨减摩性和自修复性。     

纳米坡缕石润滑油添加剂对灰铸铁HT200摩擦磨损性能的影响

制备坡缕石纳米粒子添加到150N基础油的润滑油体系,在MMU-10G摩擦磨损试验机上分别对该纳米粒子润滑油体系和纯150N基础油,在混合润滑条件下的铸铁HT200试样对摩时的摩擦磨损性能进行研究,并用SEM和金相显微镜对磨损表面进行观察和分析,借助EDX测定试样表面成分的变化,探讨摩擦磨损性能变化的机理。结果表明:自制备的用KH550硅烷偶联剂球磨修饰的坡缕石纳米粒子在基础油中分散性良好,在该润滑剂润滑条件下对摩的试样表面生成了自修复膜层,其磨损量明显减小,失重量下降约25.2%,平均摩擦系数下降约32.3%。