对高速公路安全管理体系的若干研究

随着高速公路的不断建成和投入运营，如何管好、用好高速公路成为十分迫切的问题，于是高速公路管理研究应运而生了，其主要内容之一就是高速公路安全管理。因此，本文对高速公路安全管理系统进行了研究，重点讨论了影响高速公路交通安全的因素，如人、车、路、管理等因素．并针对这些因素，对高速公路安全管理提出了一些建议。     

高速公路安全管理浅见

近年来，随着我国经济不断发展，高速公路建设也在突飞猛进，随着高速公路里程的增加和机动车保有量的不断增加，交通事故呈逐年上升趋势，开展高速公路的安全管理研究也日益重要。本文就影响高速公路交通安全的若干主要因素进行分析，重点研究了影响高速公路安全的因素，如人、车、路、环境因素，针对这些因素，对高速公路安全管理提出了一些建议，以提高人们的交通安全意识，达到有效预防高速公路安全事故发生的目的。     

浅谈高速公路安全管理

随着我国高速公路的不断建设，机动车保有量的持续增加，交通事故呈上升趋势，开展高速公路的安全管理研究也日益重要。笔者对高速公路安全管理系统进行了研究，重点讨论了影响高速公路交通安全的因素，如人、车、路、管理等因素，并针对这些因素，对高速公路安全管理提出了一些建议。     

创建高速公路智能交通系统的探讨

[摘要]高速公路是我国交通发展的重要部分，目前高速公路整体发展很好，但是事故率以及故障率一直是困扰高速公路快速健康发展的很大难题，本文结合实际工作经验，提出引入高速公路智能交通系统，作为解决高速公路通畅、安全的重要途径，介绍了高速公路智能交通系统的特点，并对智能交通系统应用提出一些建议措施。     

浅析高速公路路基边坡存在问题及治理

目前，高速公路建设蓬勃发展，高速公路建设在极大地推动国民经济发展的同时，也带来了严峻的环境问题。本文在调查和分析国内外高速公路边坡治理的情况的基础上，提出了高速公路边坡综合治理的思想。希望通过对该思路的阐述．能促进我国高速公路生态保护的发展。     

高速公路声屏障设计方法

某高速公路环境复杂，情况特殊，声屏障设置类型多，要求高。本文结合某高速公路声屏障设计，主要探讨了高速公路声障障设计的一般程序，特别注意了声屏障结构设计方面的问题，对于其它高速公路声屏在考意义。     

黑龙江省高速公路旅游开发经营研究

高速公路旅游开发产业是高速公路多元化经营的一项重要内容，也是高速公路管理企业新的利润增长点，做为低能耗，高效益的产业也是一项朝阳产业。本文依据黑龙江省地域和高速公路沿线旅游资源特点，提出了发展高速公路旅游产业的对策和建议。     

黑龙江省高速公路服务区管理体制研究

高速公路服务区做为高速公路系统的重要组成部分，它的管理模式伴随着它的出现一直是高速公路管理领域所研究的重点。本文从黑龙江省高速公路服务区管理现状分析人手，借鉴国内外先进的管理模式，提出了解决我省行之有效的高速公路服务区管理模式。     

试论高速公路联网收费系统

本文笔者根据自己多年的实践经验，阐述了高速公路联网收费系统的功能，分析了高速公路联网收费数据库系统结构，讨论了高速公路联网收费网络安全措施。具有重要的现实意义。     

高速公路融资困境与解决途径

本文根据中国高速公路建设发展和高速公路本身属性进行了分析，针对我国现今高速公路在建设、投资和运营过程中的资金问题，对我国高速公路融资问题进行了研讨。     

基于灰色关联分析的轧制差厚板盒形件充液拉深成形工艺参数多目标优化

目的 将充液拉深工艺引入轧制差厚板零件的成形,为了进一步掌握差厚板的充液拉深成形性能,对差厚板盒形件充液拉深成形过程进行研究。方法 通过理论推导获取临界液池压力公式,在此基础上运用数值模拟方法分析液池压力比对差厚板厚度减薄率和厚度过渡区移动量的影响,采用正交试验和灰色关联分析获取成形参数对差厚板盒形件成形性能的影响规律和最优参数组合,实现对差厚板盒形件充液拉深成形工艺参数的多目标优化。结果 随着薄?厚侧液池压力比的增大,差厚板最大厚度减薄率先减小后增大,过渡区移动量先增大后趋于平稳,薄?厚侧液池压力比为2较为合理。厚侧压边力、摩擦因数、薄?厚侧液池压力之比、薄?厚侧压边力之比、厚侧液池压力对差厚板盒形件充液拉深性能的影响程度依次减小。结论 采用灰色关联分析得到的最优工艺参数组合来完成差厚板盒形件的充液拉深成形,能够有效地抑制差厚板零件厚度的过分减薄及厚度过渡区的过度移动,进而提高差厚板的成形性能。     

风屏障对高架桥上列车气动特性影响机理分析

基于同步测压技术,以京沪高速铁路典型高架桥和CRH2列车为背景,研究风屏障对典型车桥组合状态下列车的风压分布和各面气动力分布特征的影响,以分析风屏障的气动影响机理,并从流体力学角度进行解释。研究结果表明:风屏障对上游列车气动特性影响较大,下游列车由于处于尾流中,受之影响较小;设置风屏障后,上游列车由于迎风面风压由正变负,使得该面的侧力与背风面相反,故使总体侧力减小,车顶平均风压显著减小,使得车顶升力约增大50%,背风面和车底风压变化较小;风屏障透风率及高度取值需根据具体环境进行优化,并需注意防风效果并不与减小平均风速等同。     

Polyetheretherketone and titanium surface treatments to modify roughness and wettability-Improvement of bioactivity and antibacterial properties

Among the materials available for implant production,titanium is the most used while polyetherether-ketone (PEEK) is emerging thanks to its stability and to the mechanical properties similar to the ones of the bone tissue.Material surface properties like roughness and wettability play a paramount role in cell adhesion,cell proliferation,osteointegration and implant stability.Moreover,the bacterial adhesion to the biomaterial and the biofilm formation depend on surface smoothness and hydrophobicity.In this work,two different treatments,sandblasting and air plasma,were used to increase respectively roughness and wettability of two materials:titanium and PEEK.Their effects were analyzed with profilometry and contact angle measurements.The biological properties of the material surfaces were also investigated in terms of cell adhesion and proliferation of NIH-3T3 cells,MG63 cells and human Dental Pulp Stem Cells.Moreover,the ability of Staphylococcus aureus to adhere and form a viable biofilm on the samples was evaluated.The biological properties of both treatments and both materials were compared with samples of Synthegra(R) titanium,which underwent laser ablation to obtain a porous micropatterning,character-ized by a smooth surface to discourage bacterial adhesion.All cell types used were able to adhere and proliferate on samples of the tested materials.Cell adhesion was higher on sandblasted PEEK samples for both MG63 and NIH-3T3 cell lines,on the contrary,the highest proliferation rate was observed on sandblasted titanium and was only slightly dependent on wettability;hDPSCs were able to proliferate similarly on sandblasted samples of both tested materials.The highest osteoblast differentiation was ob-served on laser micropatterned titanium samples,but similar effects,even if limited,were also observed on both sandblasted materials and air plasma treated titanium.The lowest bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation was observed on micropatterned titanium samples whereas,the highest biofilm formation was detected on sandblasted PEEK samples,and in particular on samples not treated with air-plasma,which displayed the highest hydrophobicity.The results of this work showed that all the tested materials were able to sustain osteoblast adhesion and promote cell proliferation;moreover,this work highlights the fea-sible PEEK treatments which allow to obtain surface properties similar to those of titanium.The results here reported,clearly show that cell behavior depends on a complex combination of surface properties like wettability and roughness and material nature,and while a rough surface is optimal for cell adhesion,a smooth and less hydrophilic surface is the best choice to limit bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation.     

Tribologische Untersuchung bionischer und mikrostrukturierter Funktionsflächen

An established concept adjusting tribological properties and for increasing the wear resistance is presented by coatings. In addition to the material adaption of surfaces, there are efforts of applying structures on tool active parts in order to allow a further adjustment on the property profile. For this reason, the presented article investigates the influence of bionic and technologically textured surfaces on the friction and wear behavior with and without near‐net shaped wear‐resistant PVD coatings. Based on the example of nature, a honeycombed surface structure discovered on the head of scarab beetles as well as a dimple structure optimized for the manufacturing time were transferred on HSS steel by means of micro‐milling. The analyses focus on the influence of the surface structures, the effects of PVD coatings and their interactions on the friction and wear behavior. The investigations show that the tribological properties depend on each surface structure and the material pairing. Both the technological and the bionic structures show a reduction of the friction coefficient in combination with the material pairing 100Cr6 and WCCo compared to polished samples. Furthermore, it is shown that the CrAlN coating has no influence on the friction behavior, but rather leads to the desired increase in the wear resistance.     

Ageing drivers: storm in a teacup?

The purpose of this paper is to address two important issues regarding ageing drivers. First, there is a presumption in the road safety arena that the expected increase in the number of ageing drivers on the roads will lead to an increase in crashes. Second, despite extensive research on ageing drivers, especially on their increased vulnerability and reduced driving abilities, the most widely recommended road safety strategy relates to the control of their driving licenses. This presumption and the associated policy recommendation are based mainly on the higher relative crash risks associated with ageing drivers compared to their younger counterparts. This study, however, argues that the average crash risks obtained in previous studies provide only indirect information concerning these issues and any decision based on these results may produce unexpected outcomes. An analytical framework to examine the marginal effect of changing the driver mix on the roads is proposed and a simple empirical model is estimated as an illustration. In contrast to previous studies, we found that increasing the number of licenses issued to ageing drivers had only an insignificant impact on the number of fatal crashes on the roads, suggesting that the concern over ageing drivers may be a storm in a teacup.     

曲壳裙房对球形高层建筑风荷载影响的数值研究

对一球形高层建筑在有和没有曲壳裙房情况下的表面风压分布进行了数值模拟和分析。结果表明,曲壳裙房对主体高层建筑的风荷载有着较显著的影响。裙房缩小了球形建筑迎风面和背风面的正风压区域,最大正风压略有减小;裙房较大程度地提高了球形建筑侧风面和顶面的负风压数值,整体结构的风荷载趋于增大,风压分布趋于不均匀。由于裙房的影响,在球面背风区下侧还观察到了明显的对称涡列。在对不同风向角下的风压分布规律进行分析的基础上,还给出了建筑物在最不利风向角下的最不利剖面上的风压系数分布曲线。     

Influence of overloading on the reliability and critical components of networked critical infrastructures

The economic development and social well‐being of modern societies are highly dependent on networked critical infrastructures to satisfy the necessary demand. In the case that the prescribed demand cannot be satisfied with each component of a network normally loaded, certain components need to be overloaded. To study the influence of overloading on the network reliability, this research proposes a new flow‐redistribution rule based on minimal cuts to determine the components to overload when necessary and the way to redistribute the network flow. The proposed rule can help to keep the prescribed demand for a network satisfied, while trying to minimize the adverse influence of overloading on the network reliability. Based on the proposed rule, we then propose a bi‐objective optimization model to identify a network's critical components that, among all the possible combinations of components with the same amount, influence the network reliability the most when incapacitated, while considering the possibility of overloading and its influence on the reliability.     

功能需求与用户体验下的快递包装设计研究

目的针对目前快递包装在功能上发生的新变化,研究基于功能需求与用户体验的快递包装的设计策略,力求增加快递包装的适用性和附加价值,减少包装物废弃和资源浪费。方法秉承减量化和可循环的绿色包装设计理念,分析快递包装的功能变化与用户体验等层次的要求。结论基于功能需求与用户体验来进行的快递包装创新设计,需要外观设计独特,有趣味;信息传达智能化、突出品牌;结构设计注重保护性、针对性和便利性;通过趣味设计,交互体验,情感共鸣,来拓展快递包装的用途。