等离子喷涂液相溶胶制备纳米ZrO2涂层的结构

采用等离子喷涂液相溶胶制备了氧化锆纳米结构涂层。用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜观察了溶胶干燥粉末和涂层的物相组成及显微结构。结果表明,溶胶自然干燥后为非晶态,通过加热可以得到晶体结构,等离子喷涂形成的涂层为单斜相与立方相的混合晶体结构。涂层由致密的熔化较好的颗粒和微裂纹组成。该方法能够得到晶粒很细的纳米结构涂层。     

等离子喷涂溶胶制备纳米ZrO2涂层工艺及涂层结构表征

采用等离子喷涂溶胶工艺制备了氧化锆纳米涂层.并用x射线衍射仪、扫描电镜观察了溶胶干燥粉末和涂层的物相组成及显微结构.结果表明,溶胶自然干燥后为非晶态,通过加热可以得到晶体结构,等离子喷涂形成的涂层为单斜相与立方相的混合晶体结构.制备的涂层由熔化较好的颗粒形成的致密块体和微裂纹组成.本方法能够得到晶粒很细的纳米结构涂层.     

纳米ZrO2等离子涂层的结构,性能和工艺特点

采用大气等离子喷涂技术(APS)，制备了常规氧化锆和纳米结构氧化锆两种涂层．利用扫描电镜(SEM)对涂层的显微结构进行了观察．对两种涂层的沉积效率、表面粗糙度和显微硬度作了对比研究．结果表明，粉末原料的显微结构、粒度、形态、喷涂工艺参数(喷涂功率和距离)对涂层的显微结构有较大的影响．等离子喷涂造粒纳米氧化锆粉制备的涂层沉积效率高而稳定，其显微结构与喷涂功率和距离密切相关．与常规氧化锆涂层相比，纳米结构氧化锆涂层具有较高的显微硬度和较低的表面粗糙度．     

等离子喷涂纳米陶瓷涂层的显微组织及结构分析

热障涂层由绝热陶瓷层和金属底层组成,是目前保证高温合金在火箭发动机热端部位正常工作的主要技术.应用等离子喷涂方法成功备了纳米氧化锆陶瓷涂层,并对其微观组织形貌及相结构等进行观察分析,探讨了纳米陶瓷涂层的沉积机理.研究表明,涂层中的孔隙主要为长条形和近球形,无贯穿性孔洞;纳米陶瓷涂层裂纹较为细小,无明显的方向性;纳米粉末和涂层均为四方相(t-ZrO2)氧化锆组成的熔融或者部分熔融状态的纳米结构.     

氧化锆等离子喷涂粉末的研究动态

氧化锆粉末大量用于等离子喷涂以制备热障涂层材料。论述了氧化锆粉末的应用、特性及其表征、稳定化和制备方法，并讨论了粉末质量，喷涂工艺及涂层质量之间的相互关系。     

等离子体喷涂羟基磷灰石涂层的化学不均匀性

采用等离子喷涂法制备了羟基磷灰石(HA)涂层,将涂层沿平行和垂直表面方向抛光试样表面,用电子探针微分析仪和X射线衍射仪等手段研究了试样的显微组织、成分分布和相组成等. 结果表明, 等离子喷涂HA涂层中存在化学成分和相组成等的不均匀性,表现为显微组织中衬度的差别. 其中低磷、低氧区主要由非晶相、分解相和重结晶相组成. 等离子喷涂时,HA粉末颗粒内外熔融程度的差异导致涂层相组成的不均性. 热处理可消除涂层组分的不均匀性,但会导致涂层内部裂纹的产生或扩展.     

等离子喷涂制备氧化锆陶瓷涂层的显微组织

采用等离子喷涂方法制备了纳米氧化锆热障涂层，并对涂层的显微组织进行了分析。结果表明：涂层由熔化区和部分熔化区组成，涂层中含有较多的孔隙，其形貌主要为长条形和近球形，未发现有贯穿性孔洞，但有细小且无明显方向性的微裂纹；涂层中的纳米氧化锆颗粒熔化长大程度不同，部分颗粒长大成为微米级。     

等离子喷涂氧化锆纳米涂层的组织结构与性能

研究了用纳米粉制备热障涂层的组织及性能与工艺参数的影响关系,对涂层制备具有指导作用.采用等离子喷涂方法以二次造粒的纳米ZrO2为喂料制备了熔炼隔离热障涂层,并利用X衍射物相分析、SEM、TEM、金相等分析手段观测了涂层的物相构成、组织结构和孔隙率.结果表明,涂层主要以四方相和立方相构成,并含有少量的单斜相.在喷涂过程中粉末熔化状况良好,涂层含有网状微裂纹,涂层致密度可达96%,比普通二氧化锆等离子喷涂层高.     

热喷涂纳米涂层制备方法及材料的研究现状和展望

综述了热喷涂纳米涂层的制备方法现状及所用材料的发展情况，介绍了溶液等离子喷涂（SPS）、冷气动力喷涂（CGDS）、高速火焰喷涂（HVOF）技术制备纳米涂层的优势、纳米粉末材料的制备方法及发展趋势，指出纳米涂层制备的主要关键在于解决纳米粉末的输送技术和涂层制备过程中抑制纳米颗粒的长大趋势。纳米涂层的研究对推动热喷涂技术应用有着十分重要的作用。     

HVOF喷涂纳米WC-17Co涂层组织结构及力学行为研究

利用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)技术制备了普通、超细纳米WC-17Co涂层.研究了喷涂粉末、涂层的微观组织结构和物相成分,测试了涂层的显微硬度、弹性模量、断裂韧性.研究表明,纳米WC-17Co涂层中形成了纳米尺度的胞状结构和长条状结构,并有网状的非晶结构生成.WC-17Co涂层表面均匀致密,3种涂层均是由熔化再结晶区、半熔化区和未熔化区等构成.涂层中条带结构不明显,明显区别于等离子涂层.纳米涂层组织结构更致密,碳化物颗粒分布更均匀.3种涂层中,WC都是主相,W2C、Co6W6C的含量很少.纳米涂层的显微硬度、弹性模量、断裂韧性最高.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Investigation of the Corrosion Behaviors of HVOF-Sprayed Carbide Cernet Coatings in Molten Al-Zn-Si Alloy Bath

In continuous hot-dip galvanization process the corrosion and chemical stability of the sink roll in the galvanizing bath are important problem which effects on the quality and productivity. In order to protect the sink roll the carbide cermet and/or ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of the sink roll. The WC-, Cr3 C2-cermet coatings were deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) spray, respectively. The coating samples were immersed in molten Zn-alloy containing 50 wt % aluminum at 833 K for 24 hr and 144 hr, respectively. The inter-diffusion and inter-reaction of Zn, Al and elements in coating and corrosion behaviors of these coatings were investigated by XRD, SEM and EPMA etc. The corrosion mechanisms of the carbide cermet coatings and ceramic coatings in molten High Al-Zn-alloy were approached.     

Fundamental study of adhesion of ice to cooling solid surface (Discussion on influence of copper oxide layer on ice adhesion force)

In many situations, ice often adheres to a cooling solid surface, frequently causing serious accidents. It is critical to clarify the mechanism of ice adhesion to the cooling surface in order to prevent ice adhesion. In a past study, the shearing stresses of two kinds of test plates with a copper surface having the higher thermal conductivity were measured. The shearing stress corresponds to ice adhesion force. Both shearing stresses were significantly different; however, the cause remains unclear.Therefore, the present study focuses on an oxide layer as the main factor causing the difference of both shearing stresses; the influence of the oxide layer formed on shearing stress was discussed. And in the removal and reformation processes of the oxide layer, the time variation of the shearing stress was clarified. Moreover, the relationship between the state of the copper surface and the shearing stress was also clarified by surface analysis.     

＂Three Transformations＂ and Standardization

During his inspection in Henan Province in May, Chinese President Xi Jinping stressed to ＂push forward the transformation from China Speed to China Quality, from Made in China to Created in China, and from Chinese Products to Chinese Brand＂. The ＂Three Transformations＂ are the specific requirements and goal of China＇s national development in the context that market should play a decisive role in the allocation of resources.     

重塑标准推行格局 推动LED照明的普及（英文）

正When you are enjoying the green,energy-saving and healthy lighting of IKEA LED luminaire,you may not realize that most of IKEA’s LED bulbs are produced by the LED luminaire smart manufacturing system of Hangzhou Zhongwei Photoelectricity CO.,LTD(ZVISION).No longer enclosed in the laboratory,the product standards are brought into the factory workshop and even to the entire production process.Thus,the standards are promoted and applied in a favorable way by enterprises,benefitting consumers with high quality products.