炭纤维/氨基化多壁碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的分子模拟(英文)

采用分子动力学模拟(MD)分析炭纤维/氨基化多壁碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能。采用碳纳米管作为环氧树脂的主要增强材料以期提高三相复合材料的力学性能。建立固化的环氧树脂模型以提高碳纳米管和基体间的粘结强度。炭纤维体积分数设定为60%,碳纳米管体积分数为0.25%-5%。结果表明,碳纳米管体积分数从0.25%增加至5%时,沿炭纤维方向上的杨氏模量由92GPa提高至224.4GPa,抗张强度由1.35GPa提高至2.85GPa。     

石墨烯增强室温硫化硅橡胶复合材料的制备及力学性能

采用机械共混法制备了石墨烯(GNS)/室温硫化硅橡胶(RTV)复合材料。用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和X射线衍射(XRD)对GNS的微观结构以及GNS在RTV硅橡胶基体中的分布情况进行了表征和分析,同时研究了GNS/RTV硅橡胶复合材料的力学性能。结果表明,石墨烯在基体硅橡胶中的分布较均匀,极少出现团聚现象;随着填料石墨烯含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸模量逐渐增大,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均出现极大值后渐渐减少;当石墨烯的质量分数为0.925%时,复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均达最大值,分别为0.8387MPa和195.78%,比纯RTV硅橡胶提高了159.86%和55.32%;此时拉伸模量比纯RTV硅橡胶提高了157.44%。     

碳纳米管含量对铝基复合材料力学性能的影响

采用搅拌摩擦加工技术制备了多壁碳纳米管增强铝基(MWCNTs/Al)复合材料,研究了碳纳米管含量对复合材料力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,MWCNTs的添加对铝基复合材料的力学性能影响显著,随着MWCNTs含量的增加,MWCNTs/Al复合材料的硬度、弹性模量、强度都逐渐提高;当碳纳米管含量为6.6%(体积分数)时,复合材料强度达218 MPa,为基体材料的2.24倍;随MWCNTs含量的增加,MWCNTs/Al复合材料的塑性逐渐变差,拉伸延伸率逐渐降低,断口韧窝逐渐变小、变浅。     

碳纳米管/石墨烯复合填充交替多层硅橡胶的结构及性能

以碳纳米管(CNTs)/石墨烯(GNs)为复合填充料,通过交替多层共挤出设备制备了一系列不同层数交替多层硅橡胶片材,获得了2ⁿ⁺¹+1层结构的多层复合硅橡胶;研究了多层结构硅橡胶微观形貌对其力学性能和介电性能的影响。扫描电镜结果表明,所制备的多层材料具有清晰、规整的连续层状结构,且随着层数增加,填料的分散状态获得改善且取向度增加;拉伸实验结果表明,多层硅橡胶的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均有所增加,且均大于共混材料;介电性能测试结果表明,多层材料的介电常数随层数增加而增加,并且具有介电的各向异性,其在面内方向上的介电常数高于面外方向。     

聚苯硫醚/碳纳米管复合材料的导电和力学性能

采用熔融共混制备了聚苯硫醚/碳纳米管复合材料,考察了复合材料的形态、导电及力学性能。结果表明,碳纳米管均匀分散于聚苯硫醚基体中,二者的界面结合紧密;少量碳纳米管的加入即可显著增加复合材料的导电性,其逾渗阀值约为2 phr～3 phr;与聚苯硫醚相比,复合材料的拉伸及冲击强度全面提高,但由于碳纳米管的微观聚集与其应力传递作用间相互矛盾,因此过多的碳纳米管对材料力学性能贡献不大,这也得到了动态力学性能测试的进一步证实。     

多壁碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料的高温力学性能EI北大核心CSCD

采用搅拌摩擦加工技术制备不同含量多壁碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料,并对复合材料高温力学性能进行研究。结果表明:多壁碳纳米管的添加使得铝基体材料微观组织更加细小,并形成了少量纳米晶;铝基体中有较高密度位错,并在局部呈位错缠结状分布。与未添加多壁碳纳米管的铝基体相比,复合材料的高温拉伸强度明显增强,且随着碳纳米管含量的增加,复合材料强度逐渐提高,而高温塑性不断降低,350℃时,6.6%(体积分数)MWCNTs/Al复合材料的抗拉强度达到78MPa,为未添加多壁碳纳米管铝基材强度的3.9倍;断口分析表明,随着测试温度的提高,韧窝逐渐变小,呈脆性断裂特征。     

聚偏氟乙烯/膨胀石墨高介电复合材料的制备及性能

本实验采用溶液共混法制备了聚偏氟乙烯/膨胀石墨(PVDF/EG)复合材料,研究了膨胀石墨(EG)含量对复合材料微观形貌、电学性能、力学性能和热稳定性的影响。结果表明:EG的加入极大地降低了复合材料的体积电阻率(ρ_v),提高了其介电常数(ε_r)和介电损耗(tanδ),在EG质量分数为4%附近复合材料出现了渗流现象。PVDF/EG(5%,质量分数)复合材料的ρv相较于纯PVDF降低了11个数量级,εr提高了约68. 75倍,上升至550。随EG含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度和杨氏模量均呈先增大后减小的趋势,当EG质量分数为5%时分别达到最大值58. 31 MPa、910. 09 MPa,比纯PVDF分别提高了27. 76%、70. 10%;而断裂伸长率随EG含量的增加而逐渐减小。复合材料的热稳定性在EG加入量较少时得到明显改善,PVDF/EG(4%,质量分数)复合材料失重5%的分解温度比纯PVDF提高了5. 90℃。     

多壁碳纳米管/聚氯乙烯复合材料的制备及性能

通过溶液混合法可以简单地制得多壁碳纳米管/聚氯乙烯复合材料。体积电阻率、拉伸强度等测试结果表明,随着碳纳米管含量的增加,碳纳米管在聚合物基体中的分散性降低,所得聚氯乙烯复合材料的体积电阻率呈非线性降低趋势,拉伸强度则呈先增加后降低的变化规律。碳纳米管含量为1%~2.5%(质量分数,下同)时所得复合材料的导电性和拉伸强度均较纯聚氯乙烯有较大改善。     

球磨工艺对原位合成碳纳米管增强铝基复合材料微观组织和力学性能的影响

将原位化学气相沉积法合成的碳纳米管(CNTs)与铝的复合粉末进行球磨混合,进而粉末冶金制备CNTs/Al复合材料,研究球磨工艺对复合材料的微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:球磨过程中不添加过程控制剂所得到的复合材料力学性能优异;随着球磨时间的增加,CNTs逐步分散嵌入铝基体内部,复合材料的组织也变得更加致密均匀。CNTs/Al复合材料的硬度和抗拉强度均随球磨时间的延长持续增加,但是伸长率先增后减。经90min球磨的CNTs/Al复合材料展现了强韧兼备的特点,其硬度和抗拉强度较原始纯铝提高了1.4倍和1.7倍,并且具有17.9%的高伸长率。     

CNTs含量对CNTs/Al微观组织及力学性能的影响

为增加碳纳米管(CNTs)在铝基体中的分散性,利用机械球磨-真空热压烧结工艺制备碳纳米管/铝(CNTs/Al)复合材料,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子万能试验机和万能摩擦磨损实验机,研究了CNTs质量分数对CNTs/Al复合材料微观组织、力学性能及摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明:CNTs经超声波预先分散后分散性增加;当CNTs质量分数为2.0%时,复合材料中CNTs与Al粉之间表现出较好的相容性;随着CNTs含量进一步增加,CNTs团聚现象严重;热压烧结温度600℃时,随着CNTs添加量的增加,铝基复合材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度呈现出明显的先增大后降低的趋势,同时,CNTs/Al复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率随CNTs含量的增大先减小后增加;CNTs质量分数为2.0%时,复合材料的屈服强度最大值为116 MPa,抗拉强度最大值为245 MPa,与纯Al基体相比,分别提高了78%和1.9倍.2.0%CNTs/Al复合材料可获得较好的摩擦磨损性能,其摩擦系数和磨损率呈现平缓趋势,复合材料的磨痕最浅.     

The effects of CNT alignment on electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of SWNT/epoxy nanocomposites

The single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) filled nanocomposite SWNT/epoxy resin composite with good uniformity, dispersion and alignment of SWNTs and with different SWNTs concentrations was produced by solution casting technique. Subsequently, the semidried mixture was stretched repeatedly along one direction at a large draw-ratio of 50 for 100 times at ambient atmosphere manually to achieve a good alignment and to promote dispersion of SWNTs in the composite matrix. Composite showed higher electrical conductivities and mechanical properties such as the Young’s modulus and tensile strength along the stretched direction than perpendicular to it, and the electrical property of composite rise with the increase of SWNT concentration. The percolation threshold value of electrical conductivity along the stretching direction is lower than the value perpendicular to the SWNTs orientation. In addition, the anisotropic electric and mechanical properties results, SEM micrograph and the polarized Raman spectra of the SWNT/epoxy composite reveal that SWNTs were well dispersed and aligned in the composites by the repeated stretching process.     

Anisotropic properties of aligned SWNT modified poly (methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites

The poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) composites with good uniformity, dispersion and alignment of SWNT were fabricated in an improved figuration process. The semidried mixture was stretched along one direction at a drawing ratio of 50 before it was dried, and then folded along the same direction stretching repeatedly for 100 times. The transmission electron microscopic (TEM) observation demonstrated that SWNT in the PMMA/SWNT composite tends to align in the stretching direction owing to a torque exerting on it in the stretching process. The electrical and mechanical properties of PMMA/SWNT composite were studied as a function of SWNT orientation and concentration. The aligned SWNT modified PMMA/SWNT composite presented highly anisotropic properties. The experimental results showed that the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of composite rise with the increase of SWNT concentration, and that composite films showed higher conductivity and higher mechanical draw ratios along the stretched direction than perpendicular to it. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that embedding the SWNTs into the PMMA matrix also improves the thermal stability of the composite.     

A Directional Strain Sensor Based on Anisotropic Microhoneycomb Cellulose Nanofiber‐Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Aerogels Prepared by Unidirectional Freeze Drying

Aerogels are one of the most popular composite reinforcement materials because of their high porosity and their continuous and homogeneous network. Most aerogels are isotropic, thus leading to isotropic composites when they are used as fillers. This fundamentally limits their applications in areas where anisotropy is needed. Here, an anisotropic microhoneycomb cellulose nanofiber‐ (CellF)‐carbon nanotube (CNT) aerogel (denoted MCCA) is reported that contains unidirectionally aligned penetrating microchannels, which is prepared by a unidirectional freeze‐drying method, using the structure‐directing function of the CellFs. Due to its anisotropic nature, MCCA‐reinforced polydimethylsilexane (denoted MCCA/PDMS) shows distinct anisotropic behavior, with the electrical conductivity and Young's modulus along the direction of penetrating microchannels being approximately twice those in the orthogonal direction. MCCA/PDMS is used to make “directional” strain sensors with electrical resistance as the output signal. They demonstrate a 92% sensitivity difference between the microchannel direction and its orthogonal direction. This approach can be used to prepare anisotropic MCCA‐based composites with other polymers for different applications.     

Mechanical properties of aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube/epoxy composites processed using a hot-melt prepreg method

This study examined the mechanical properties of aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube (CNT)/epoxy composites processed using a hot-melt prepreg method. Vertically aligned ultra-long CNT arrays (forest) were synthesized using chemical vapor deposition, and were converted to horizontally aligned CNT sheets by pulling them out. An aligned CNT/epoxy prepreg was fabricated using hot-melting with B-stage cured epoxy resin film. The resin content in prepreg was well controlled. The prepreg sheets showed good drapability and tackiness. Composite film specimens of 24-33 μm thickness were produced, and tensile tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties. The resultant composites exhibit higher Young’s modulus and tensile strength than those of composites produced using conventional CNT/epoxy mixing methods. For example, the maximum elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of a CNT (21.4 vol.%)/epoxy composite were 50.6 GPa and 183 MPa. These values were, respectively, 19 and 2.9 times those of the epoxy resin.     

碳纳米管膜层间改性碳纤维/双马来酰亚胺复合材料的结构调控及性能

对比研究了热塑性层间增韧和碳纳米管(CNT)膜层间混杂碳纤维(CF)/双马来酰亚胺复合材料不同层间结构调控方法,分析了其复合材料的压缩、动态力学、导电和电磁屏蔽等性能的变化。结果表明,热密实可显著降低层间CNT膜的厚度,抑制其局部富树脂程度,CNT膜-CF混杂复合材料的压缩强度得以提升,其压缩断口形貌明显不同于初始的CF复合材料。对比而言,热塑性树脂层间增韧CF复合材料的压缩强度明显低于CNT膜/CF混杂复合材料。CNT膜的加入贯通了混杂复合材料的层间导电通路,其厚度方向电导率提高了3个数量级,然而不同复合材料的体积电导率则表现出明显的“木桶效应”。值得关注的是,CNT膜层间混杂对提高CF复合材料的电磁屏蔽特性作用显著,其中致密CNT膜混杂复合材料的电磁屏蔽效能可达到90 dB。      

Effects of carbon nanotube alignment on electrical and mechanical properties of epoxy nanocomposites

This paper reports the alignment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in an epoxy matrix as a result of DC electric fields applied during composite curing. Optical microscopy and polarized Raman spectroscopy are used to confirm the CNT alignment. The alignment of CNTs gives rise to much improved electrical conductivity, elastic modulus and quasi-static fracture toughness compared to those with CNTs of random orientation. An extraordinarily low electrical percolation threshold of about 0.0031 vol% is achieved when measured along the alignment, which is more than one order of magnitude lower than 0.034 vol% with random orientation or that measured perpendicular to the aligned CNTs. The examination of the fracture surfaces identifies pertinent toughening mechanisms in aligned CNT composites, namely crack tip deflection and CNT pullout. The significance of this paper is that the technique employed here can tailor the physical, mechanical and fracture properties of bulk nanocomposites even at a very low CNT concentration.     

Anisotropic thermal diffusivity characterization of aligned carbon nanotube-polymer composites

The anisotropic thermal diffusivity of aligned carbon nanotube-polymer composites was determined using a photothermoelectric technique. The composites were obtained by infiltrating poly-dimethyl siloxane (PDMS) in aligned multiwall CNT arrays grown by chemical vapor deposition on silicon substrates. The thermal diffusivities are insensitive to temperature in the range of 180 K-300 K. The thermal diffusivity values across the alignment direction are approximately 2-4 times smaller than along the alignment direction and larger than effective media theory predictions using reported values for the thermal diffusivity of millimeter thick aligned multiwall carbon nanotube arrays. The effective room temperature thermal conductivity of the composite along the carbon nanotube alignment direction is at least 6X larger than the thermal conductivity of the polymer matrix and is in good agreement with the effective media predictions. This work indicates that infiltration of long and aligned carbon nanotube arrays is currently the most efficient method to obtain high thermal conductivity polymer composites.     

Mechanical,electrical and thermal properties of aligned carbon nanotube/polyimide composites

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have high strength and modulus, large aspect ratio, and good electrical and thermal conductivities, which make them attractive for fabricating composite. The poly(biphenyl dianhydride-p-phenylenediamine) (BPDA/PDA) polyimide has good mechanical and thermal performances and is herein used as matrix in unidirectional carbon nanotube composites for the first time. The strength and modulus of the composite increase by 2.73 and 12 times over pure BPDA–PDA polyimide, while its electrical conductivity reaches to 183 S/cm, which is 10¹⁸ times over pure polyimide. The composite has excellent high temperature resistance, and its thermal conductivity is beyond what has been achieved in previous studies. The improved properties of the composites are due to the long CNT length, high level of CNT alignment, high CNT volume fraction and good CNT dispersion in polyimide matrix. The composite is promising for applications that require high strength, lightweight, or high electrical and thermal conductivities.     

Investigation on carbon nanomaterials: Coaxial CNT-cylinders and CNT-polymer composite

The macroscopic coaxial carbon cylinders (dia. ∼0.5 cm with varying lengths, ∼ 7–10 cm) consisting of aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) stacks have been prepared by controlled spray pyrolysis method. The coaxial carbon cylinders of CNT stacks have been formed directly inside the quartz tube. Another study is done on multi-walled CNTs (MWNTs)-polymer (e.g. polyethylene oxide (PEO), polyacrylamide (PAM)) composite films. We have investigated the structural, electrical and mechanical properties of MWNTs-PEO composites. Composites with different wt% (between 0 and 50 wt% of MWNTs) have been prepared and characterized by the scanning electron microscopic technique. Enhanced electrical conductivity and mechanical strength were observed for the MWNTs-PEO composites. We have also studied the electrical property of MWNTs-PAM composite films.     

Enhanced strength and excellent transport properties of a superaligned carbon nanotubes reinforced copper matrix laminar composite

Superaligned carbon nanotube (SACNT) reinforced copper matrix laminar composites have been fabricated by means of the traditional copper sulfate electroplating process. The mechanical properties and transport properties of the Cu/SACNT composites with different SACNT content have been studied systematically, and the experimental results show that the as-prepared composites possess a better comprehensive performance than pure copper. The simple rule of mixtures (ROM) has been used to estimate the potential maximum properties of the Cu/SACNT composites. The Cu/SACNT composite is considered to be a promising material for electronics and communications applications.