AB2型贮氢合金的表面处理

高容量的贮氢合金电极材料是高比能量ＭＨ－Ｎｉ动力电池的基础。Ｌａｖｅｓ相ＡＢ２型贮氢合金的贮氢量大、无污染、循环寿命长,但锆基Ｌａｖｅｓ相ＡＢ２型贮氢合金存在电极活化困难、电催化性能差、高倍率放电能力低下等缺点,严重影响了Ｌａｖｅｓ相贮氢合金在ＭＨ－Ｎｉ动力电池中的应用,因此贮氢合金的表面处理十分重要。综述了近年来对ＡＢ２型贮氢合金表面处理的研究情况。     

锆系Laves相贮氢电极材料的研究进展

锆系Ｌａｖｅｓ相贮氢电极材料具有电化学容量高、良好的高倍率放电性能、循环寿命长等优点，是一种具有广阔应用前景的新一代贮氢电极材料，本文对其研究进展进行了综合评述。     

Al,Ti,Nb对铁基高温合金组织与性能的影响

研究了Ａｌ、Ｔｉ、Ｎｂ对Ｆｅ－２８Ｎｉ－１３Ｃｒ－１．２Ｗ－１．５Ｍｏ高温合金组织和性能的影响。随Ｔｉ含量增加，合金的强度提高，但η相的析出倾向及晶界相对于晶内的弱化效应增大，合金的塑性大幅度下降。Ａｌ和Ｎｂ都明显抑制η相析出，其含量过高时分别导致胞状γ’和Ｌａｖｅｓ相在晶界析出，胞状γ’相使晶界在中高温区严重脆化，Ｌａｖｅｓ相适量析出使晶界在中高温区得到有效强化。     

应用d电子合金设计理论优化GH907合金组织及持久性能

硅对ＧＨ９０７合金基体γ及γ′稳定性产生显著性影响。Ｓｉ含量高于０．４５ａｔ％，合金中析出颗粒状ｌａｖｅｓ相，且随Ｓｉ含量增加，ε，Ｌａｖｅｓ等第二相数量增多。     

贮氢合金Zr（Mn1—xNix）2的相结构

贮氢合金Ｚｒ（Ｍｎ１－ｘＮｉｘ）２（０．４０≤ｘ≤０．７５）的多相Ｒｉｅｔｖｅｌｄ分析表明,它是以Ｃ１５型Ｌａｖｅｓ相ＺｒＭ２为主的多相体系。不同Ｍ／Ｚｒ原子比（Ｍ＝Ｎｉｘ或Ｍｎ１－ｘ）非Ｌａｖｅｓ相合金的出现与丰度和整个合金成分配比中Ｎｉ／Ｚｒ原子比的变化一致,并与Ｎｉ－Ｚｒ相图中具有同样Ｎｉ／Ｚｒ原子比的金属间化合物有相同的晶型。ｘ＝０．７５,Ｚｒ７Ｍ１０的丰度是３８．５７％;ｘ＝０．５５,Ｃ     

析出相在GH907低膨胀合金中的作用

研究了析出相对Ｇ９０７合金持久性能的影响。采用特定的热处理制度得到以某一析出相为主的显微组织。经性能测试后发现，γ＇为合金提供良好的瞬时强度，但单一γ＇强化相不能使合金得到满意的持久性能；Ｌａｖｅｓ相对合金的性能没有明显的益处；ε相使合金持久寿命大幅度提高，并消除了缺口敏感性。本文在应用主平面应力法的基础上，提出了一种模型对此做了满意的分析。     

Dy0.6Tb0.3Pr0.1(Fe0.95Mn0.05)x取向晶体的结构与磁致伸缩

采用Ｃｚｏｃｈｒａｌｓｋｉ方法生长了Ｄｙ０．６Ｔｂ０．３Ｐｒ０．１（Ｆｅ０．９５Ｍｎ０．０５）ｘ（１．８５≤ｘ≤１．９５）取向合金。所有合金主相为立方Ｌａｖｅｓ相结构,择优取向不完整择优取向的方向与Ｘ的大小有关。研究了沿着这些样品的生长方向的磁致伸缩性能以及磁致伸缩性能与压力之间的关系。     

Zr1—xTix（Ni0.6Mn0.3V0.1Cr0.05）2（x=0～0.5）Laves相储氢合 …

本文研究Ｚｒ１－ｘＴｉｘ（Ｎｉ０．６Ｍｎ０．３Ｖ０．１Ｃｒ０．０５）２（ｘ＝０,０．１,０．２,０．３,０．４,０．５）系Ｌａｖｅｓ相储氢电极合金的气态Ｐ－Ｃ－Ｔ性能、晶体结构及电化学性能。ＸＲＤ分析表明,Ｔｉ合金化使Ｚｒ基储氢合金主相从Ｃ１５相转变为Ｃ１４相。当ｘ〉０．２时,第二相Ｚｒ７Ｎｉ１０相消失,并出现ＴｉＮｉ相。Ｔｉ合金化使Ｚｒ基储氢合金中Ｃ１５相和Ｃ１４相的晶格常数线性递减。气态Ｐ－Ｃ     

金属磷化物钠离子电池负极材料研究进展

钠离子电池(SIBs)因其成本低、安全性高等优势引起了愈加广泛的关注与研究。在已报道的SIBs负极材料中，磷由于理论容量极高被认为是最具应用前景的负极材料之一。然而磷的电导率低，且在充放电过程中会发生体积膨胀，极大地影响了其倍率性能和循环稳定性。将磷与锗、锡、铜等金属结合形成金属磷化物可有效提高其导电性，并显著改善磷基负极材料的倍率性能和循环性能。本文主要综述了金属磷化物及其与碳纳米管、石墨烯等复合材料作为SIBs负极的最新研究进展，总结了目前金属磷化物SIBs负极材料存在的问题，比如实际容量偏低、储钠机制研究不够深入等；提出了相应的解决方法和手段，例如复合材料设计和构筑、表面修饰、尺寸形貌调控和先进原位表征手段等；并对金属磷化物SIBs负极材料的发展前景进行了展望。     

热等离子体技术在真空开关铜铬触头材料制造中的应用

介绍了热等离子体技术的简单原理及其在制造真空开关用铜铬触头材料中的应用，对现阶段采用粉末冶金及真空熔炼等工艺制造铜铬触头材料的特点和存在的问题作了简单的评述。     

离子型层状化合物制备及应用研究

简单介绍离子型和非离子型两类层状化合物的结构和性能,重点概括了以 LDH为代表的阴离子型层状化合物和以α 磷酸盐为代表的阳离子型层状化合物的制备以及研究进展。     

A New,Thorough Look on Unusual and Neglected Group III-VI Compounds Toward Novel Perusals

The attention on group III-VI compounds in the last decades has been centered on the optoelectronic properties of indium and gallium chalcogenides. These outstanding properties are leading to novel advancements in terms of fundamental and applied science. One of the advantages of these compounds is to present laminated structures, which can be exfoliated down to monolayers. Despite the large knowledge gathered toward indium and gallium chalcogenides, the family of the group III-VI compounds embraces several other noncommon compounds formed by the other group III elements. These compounds present various crystal lattices, among which a great deal is offered from layered structures. Studies on aluminium chalcogenides show interesting potential as anodes in batteries and as semiconductors. Thallium (Tl), which is commonly present in the +1 oxidation state, is one of the key components in ternary chalcogenides. However, binary Tl–Q (Q = S, Se, Te) systems and derived films are still studied for their semiconducting and thermoelectric properties. This review aims to summarize the biggest features of these unusual materials and to shed some new light on them with the perspective that in the future, novel studies can revive these compounds in order to give rise to a new generation of technology.     

Recent advances in 2 : 17 and 3 : 29 permanent magnet materials

The structural and magnetic properties of 2 : 17 compounds, their nitrides and carbides and the recent development of the novel 3 : 29 compounds are discussed.     

Characteristics and health impacts of VOCs and carbonyls associated with residential cooking activities in Hong Kong

Cooking emission samples collected in two residential kitchens were compared where towngas (denoted as dwelling A) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) (denoted as dwelling B) were used as cooking fuels. A total of 50 different volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were quantified during the 90 min cooking periods. None of any carcinogenic compounds like formaldehyde, acetaldehyde or benzene are detected in the raw fuels, confirming that those are almost entirely derived due to cooking activity alone. Alkenes accounted for approximately 53% of the total measured VOCs collected at dwelling A, while alkanes contributed approximately 95% of the VOCs at dwelling B during the cooking periods. The concentration of aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene also increased during the cooking periods. The total amount of carbonyls emitted from the cooking processes at dwelling A (2708 μg) is three times higher than that at dwelling B (793 μg). Acetaldehyde was the most abundant carbonyl at the dwelling A but its emission was insignificant at the dwelling B. Carcinogenic risks on chronic exposure to formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and benzene for housewives and domestic helpers were evaluated. Formaldehyde accounts for 68% and close to 100% of lifetime cancer risks at dwelling A and B, respectively.     

Growth and characterization of (SnS2)x-(SnSe2)1−x mixed crystals

(SnS₂)_x-(SnSe₂)_1−x layered crystals were grown using the vertical Bridgman technique for x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.9, 1.0. IR-spectra of these compounds were obtained using a Bruker-spectrometer. The structural properties were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The variation of the structural and optical properties was studied as a function of the composition x.     

模板法制备纳米材料

模板法是合成纳米复合材料的一种非常重要的技术,利用其空间限域作用和结构导向作用可对合成材料的尺寸、形貌、结构和排列等进行有效的调制。主要从生物材料模板、有机化合物模板和无机化合物模板3方面综述了近年来模板法制备纳米材料的研究进展,展示出模板法所具有的广阔应用前景。     

Oxidizing synthesis of Ni–Mn layered double hydroxide with good crystallinity

Ni²⁺–Mn³⁺ layered double hydroxide (LDHs) with good crystallinity and uniform morphology has been hydrothermally synthesized at 180 °C for 2 days using urea as hydrolysis agent and ammonium peroxodisulfate as oxidant. The obtained Ni²⁺–Mn³⁺ LDHs material has been characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS, FT-IR, and TG–DTA. Ammonium peroxodisulfate as oxidant plays an important role for the formation of Ni²⁺–Mn³⁺ CO₃²⁻ LDHs material, and Mn²⁺ ions are oxidized into Mn³⁺ ones during the precipitation of Mn²⁺ ions, giving rise to layered hydroxide with the hydrotalcite structure. Ni²⁺–Mn³⁺ LDHs material with Ni/Mn molar ratio of 4 has a layered structure with a basal spacing of 0.739 nm. The morphology, size, and uniformity of the as-prepared materials connect with the hydrothermal treatment temperatures, and uniform and regular flowerlike spheres with a mean lateral size of 3.5 μm are observed for Ni²⁺–Mn³⁺ LDHs material with good crystallinity and uniform morphology.     

Polyethylene glycol compounds for functional hydraulic fluids

New compounds of phthalate; -phosphate, -borate, -phosphate-borate; polyethylene glycol and 2-(2-butoxy ethoxy ethanol) were synthesized, with the aim of producing new high performance functional hydraulic fluids. The synthesis process involves two stages: first, the synthesis of base compounds which are products of the reactions of phthalic acid anhydride, polyethylene glycol and acid [phosphoric, boric, phosphoric-boric and/or phthalic]. Then, the reaction of phthalic acid with 2-(2-butoxy ethoxy) ethanol. The base compounds so prepared, together with diluents and additives were formulated for the second stage of the synthesis process. The effectiveness of standard specification tests was investigated. Property improvement may be attained by the incorporation of phthalic acid anhydride in the reaction. Our new functional hydraulic fluids can be produced more economically and can monitor any pollution caused by fluid operations in the petroleum industry. Electronic Publication     

Zinc oxide/carboxylic acid lamellar structures

Hybrid organic–inorganic semiconductor nanocomposites of layered zinc oxide/carboxylic acids were fabricated. Products are pure phases with structures constituted by double-layer sheets of the inorganic component sandwiched between self-assembled surfactant layers. The optical properties of the nanocomposites are found to be qualitatively similar to those of bulk zinc oxide. However, blue shifted absorption band edges and enhanced band-gap energies are observed. The photocatalytic activity of the products in the degradation of methylene blue indicates that the efficiency of the nanocomposites is comparable or even better than that of bulk oxide.     

Thermodynamic analysis of stable and metastable carbides in the Mn-V-C system and predicted phase diagram

The thermodynamic properties of the Mn-V-C system are not known from experiments, and there is a need for information on the stability of the various phases and the Mn-V-C phase diagram. This kind of information has been obtained by us. Our approach combines the methods of phenomenological modeling and extrapolation from the lower-order systems, which have been developed in the so-called CALPHAD (i.e., CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) work, with predictions of unknown thermodynamic quantities. The predictions are based on regularities in bonding properties and vibrational entropy of 3d-transition metal carbides. By using predicted Gibbs energy functions as input information in the Hillert-Staffansson two-sublattice phenomenological model, we take into account the substitution of Mn for V in all carbide phases. Our results are summarized in tables of thermodynamic parameters, calculated isothermal sections of the phase diagram, and the liquidus surface.